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Organic Analysis Scheme

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anushka mohanty
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85 views

Organic Analysis Scheme

Uploaded by

anushka mohanty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

SCHEME FOR INDENTICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUP IN

AN ORGANIC COMPOUND

Preliminary Tests:

Sl Experiment Observation Inference


No.
1. Colour of the substance is noted. Brown Presence of amines or
phenols.

Colourless Presence of aldehydes,


ketones, acids, etc.
2. Smell of the substance is noted. Fishy smell Presence of amine

Carbolic smell Presence of phenols.

Smell of bitter almonds Presence of aldehyde


3. A little of the substance is placed Red litmus turns blue. Presence of amine.
on a moist litmus paper.
Blue litmus turns red. Presence of acid or
phenol.

4. Bayer’s test -To 1ml of Pink colour of KMnO4 Presence of unsaturation


organic compound, add 1% turns colourless
KMnO4
No colour change Absence of unsaturation

Page 1 of 3
Identification Tests:

Sl Experiment Observation Inference


No.
1. A little of the substance, add 1ml of Brisk Presence of carboxylic
saturated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) effervescence acid.
solution.

2. A little of the substance is shaken of dil.


The substance Presence of amine.
HCl. dissolves and
reappears on
adding NaOH
solution.
3. To a small amount of organic compound, Solution changes Presence of alcohol.
add Ceric Ammonium Nitrate solution. to red or pink
colour.

4. Fehling’s test: To the organic compound Red ppt. of Cu2O Presence of aldehyde
solution (1ml) add Fehling’s A (1ml) is formed
and Fehling’s B (1ml) solution and heat
on water bath.
5. Sodium Nitroprusside test: To sodium Red colouration Presence of ketone.
nitroprusside add distilled water, organic formed.
compound and NaOH solution. Shake
well.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

Confirmatory tests for carboxylic acid

Esterification Test: -A little of the Pleasant fruity Presence of carboxylic


substance is mixed with about 1ml of smell acid is confirmed.
ethyl alcohol and a few drops of
conc.H2SO4. the mixture is warmed,
cooled and poured into cold water taken
in a beaker.

Page 2 of 3
Confirmatory tests for Amine

Carbyl Amine Test: - A little of the Unpleasant foul Presence of amine is


substance add 2-3 drops of chloroform. smell is obtained confirmed.
To this mixture 1ml of alcoholic KOH
solution is added and warmed
Confirmatory tests for Alcohol

Esterification Test: - A little of the Pleasant fruity Presence of alcohol is


substance is mixed with about 1ml of smell confirmed.
ethyl alcohol and a few drops of
conc.H2SO4. the mixture is warmed,
cooled and poured into cold water taken
in a beaker.
Confirmatory tests for Aldehyde

Tollen’s Test: - To the organic Silver mirror is Presence of aldehyde


compound solution, add Tollen’s reagent formed. is confirmed
(Ammoniacal silver nitrate) and heat on
water bath.
Confirmatory tests for Ketone

Iodoform Test: - To a little of the Yellow ppt. is Presence of ketone is


organic compound, add Iodine solution formed. confirmed.
and few ml of NaOH solution and heat.

Page 3 of 3

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