PEH 11 - FOURTH QUARTER MODULE

TOPIC: Types of Sports

INTRODUCTION:

Sports is an activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or teams compete
under a set of rules. It is classified into individual, dual or team sports. Individual sports are played by
one participant on each competing side, dual sports are played by two competing pairs, while team
sports are played with three or more players.
Some of the popular individual and dual games include badminton, bowling, boxing, lawn
tennis, track and field, table tennis, skating, swimming, and beach volleyball. Team sports include
Basketball, Football, Softball, and Volleyball. However, there are some individual and dual sports that
can be played in teams, depending on the tournament and sponsoring sports organizations. Some sports
can also be played indoor and outdoor or both.

CONTENT DISCUSSION:

In this week-lesson, you are going to explain the different types of sports;
differentiate individual and dual sports; identify the basic skills in sports; and plan a
sports/physical activity.

Difference between Individual/Dual sports vs. team sports.

Individual sports foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus, and passion. The
individual player is solely responsible for winning or losing: succeeding or failing. In team sports, many
variables are considered to determine the success or failure of the team. Although individual qualities
and skills are helpful, performance will not rely on a single talent. A team’s performance success
depends on the collective effort of its players.
What does one need to know in playing sports?
Individual sports relies on the individual while team sports rely on teammates. In playing any
type of sports, it is important to have focus, clear understanding of the game, and work ethics in
mastering the skills.
Some of the important aspects to consider in learning sports are:
1. History – the inventor of the sport, country of origin, and development of the game.
2. Court Dimension/Venue – where the games are played (indoor, outdoor, or both), size, different
designs for male and or female, and safety procedure for the players.
3. Equipment and Gear – proper protective gears, uniforms, and outfits which also involve safety of
players and the officials.
4. Technical and tactical skills – technical skills are basic of playing the game (e.g., basketball –
dribble, shoot, pass) while tactical skills are the strategies to take advantage during the game.
5. Rules of the Game – set of rules on how the game is played, violations, penalties, how to score
points, how many players are allowed, etc.
The following are examples of basic in playing different individual/dual and team sports;
Individual/Dual Sports 2. Ready position
3. Forehand and backhand
A. Table tennis
4. Basic hitting
1. Grip
5. Topspin serve
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 6. Basic position, forehand, and
backhand Drive
7. Forehand and Backhand Push

B. Badminton
1. Grip
2. Ready position and Footwork
3. Serve
4. Forehand and Backhand Overhand
Stroke
5. Forehand and Backhand Clear
6. Forehand and Backhand Drop
7. Forehand and Backhand Smash
8. Forehand and Backhand Drive
Team Sports
A. Basketball
1. Footwork
2. Pivoting
3. Catching the Ball
4. Dribbling
5. Passing
6. Shooting
7. Rebounding

B. Softball
1. Throwing
2. Catching
3. Field Flyballs and Ground Balls
4. Playing cather
5. Pitching
6. Batting
7. Baserunning
8. Sliding

C. Volleyball
1. Stance (ready position of the body
and foot)
2. Service
3. Tossing
4.
5. Passing/Receiving
6. Attacking
7. Blocking
8. Defensive skills (rolling/Sliding)

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Choosing a Sport
An activity/sport should be chosen based on an individual’s preferences and lifestyle.
Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in their choice of sports include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment activities tried and enjoyed.
3. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like ice skating, golf, and scuba diving require
financial investment on equipment and actual activity.
4. State of health and level of fitness. Demands of physical activity may be excessive for the
body, having a conditioning is recommended.
5. Other alternative activities that will give motivation.
Health-related and skill-related fitness in sports/physical activity
Health-related fitness are the aerobic capacity, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength,
muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition of an individual.
Skill-related physical fitness is sometimes called sports fitness or motor fitness. The skill-
related physical fitness is called as such because people who possess them find it easy to achieve
high levels in performance in motor skills. The components of skill-related physical fitness are
agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.
One of the factors that influence skill-related performance is hereditary; however, most
fitness skills can be developed and improved. Different sports skills can be used in setting your
FITT goals to achieve your health related fitness. The FITT principles can be used as a starting
point for one’s sports activity/ies to ensure fitness improvements.

Frequency – refers to how often you do a physical activity.

Intensity – refers to how hard or intense you do a physical activity.
Time – refers to how long you do a physical activity.
Type – refers to the kinds of activity you perform or method or training to use.
The table below presents example of sports and movement in each component of skill-
related fitness.
Skill-Related Fitness
Example of Sports Movement
Component
Basketball Changing directions to escape
defender
Agility
Tennis Changing direction to hit the
ball
Cycling Riding a bicycle
Balance Gymnastics Performing on the balance
beam

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 Table Tennis Hitting the ball
Coordination Baseball Catching a Ball
Soccer Kicking a Soccer ball
Swimming Start to jump/drive on the
Reaction Time pool when the signal start
Basketball Getting the rebound
Athletics Running the 100m event
Speed Badminton Receiving a drop shot
Baseball Stealing base
Baseball Throwing a fast ball
Power
powerlifting Lifting weights

Safety Measures to avoid unnecessary injuries in playing games or sports

In taking part in any physical activity, it is essential to first observed safety measures to
avoid unnecessary injuries. Although certain injuries may not be avoided, most injuries can be
prevented by observing good judgment. The following are safety measures to avoid injuries:
1. Safety Equipment. Have the appropriate gears for the type of activity such as clothing,
shoes and protective gears that would prevent uneasiness and harm. Also take into
consideration the activity area.
2. Hydration. Keep your body hydrated with enough water or fluids during exercise or
activity especially during hot weather. Drink a cup of water minutes before exercise and
every 15 minutes during your exercise to help your body replenish lost fluids.
3. Perform moderate-intensity physical activity. It is better to perform physical activities
with moderate intensity on a regular basis rather than occasional strenuous activities. A
vigorous workout will tire your body easily and overstraining yourself can lead to
injuries. It also causes nausea and body pains that would not go away quickly. Maintain
an exercise routine within comfort. Forcing yourself with too much intensity just to attain
goals quickly is a mistake.
4. Weather Condition. Wear appropriate clothes for the weather. The clothing you wear
have to make you feel a little cool at the start of exercise. Wear light-colored clothes
during sunny days as not to absorb too much heat and avoid overheating, and put on sun
protection. During cold weather, a thermal suit will help you keep warm. Avoid using
thick clothes for constraints perspiration and can cause your body temperature to go up.

REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/focus questions

1. What does one need to know in playing sports?
- In playing sports it is important to have focus, clear and understanding of the game, and
work ethics in mastering the skills.
2. Why do you think sports play an important role in development?
- Playing sports help much more than in the physical aspects. It also builds character,
leadership skills, goal setting and much more. Involving ourselves in a sport will help us
to be more active and also develop a healthier personality.

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FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/Synthesis/Summary

5.
6. Sports in an activity that requires physical action and skills where individuals or teams
7.compete under a set of specific rules and regulations. Sports can be played individually, in pairs, or
8.in teams composed of three or more players. Individual and dual sports foster greater discipline, self-
confidence, focus and passion. Team sports promote collective discipline besides individual skills
and talents. However, in any sports, focus and being goal-oriented is important. Any sport is best
played when the player is familiar of its history, court, equipment, technical/tactical skills, rules and
officiating.
TOPIC: Technical and Tactical Skills in Sports

CONTENT DISCUSSION:

Technical and Tactical Skills in Playing Sports

In playing any sports, learning and developing skills help athletes improve in the game.
These skills involve physical training and game strategies.
Technical Skills
These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game. These are required in all
sports. It advances in degrees or levels as a player practices or gets used to doing the skills.
Examples of these are dribbling, passing, and shooting in basketball, and ball reception,
attacking/spiking and setting in volleyball.
Tactical Skills
These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in different situations during the
game. These may vary depending on the trainer or coach, skill level of an athlete, or the strength
and weakness of the opposing team. A basic example is the use of quick pass and movement
against a taller but slower opponent in the basketball. The use of tactical decision during a game
is called game sense.
Example:
Types of Sports Technical skills Tactical skills
Basketball The "fast break" and the To move the ball forward as
play-centered game quickly as possible so that the
defense is out of position and
outnumbered. The focus here
is on speed and quick passes.
Badminton Hitting to the corner It is a way of tiring out the
opponent, as well as making it
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 difficult for them to be able to
play the shuttle back over the
net.

In planning a training/practice, an individual must consider the following:

1. Preparation/Planning
o Date, time, and duration of training/practice
o Objectives/goal
o Equipment needed during training/practice
2. Training Proper
o Warm-up/stretching
o Teaching new skills/practice of previously taught skills
o Scrimmage/practice game
o Cool down and assessment
Steps in Teaching Tactical Skills
Distinguish the important decisions
- Considering good decisions in a play or sports can benefit the team in winning a game.
Establishing essential knowledge for athlete
- Knowledge allows a coach to improve the athlete or the tactical ability to organize and
get the best out of a team. Being able to pinpoint the areas an athlete or team need to
improve and implement the necessary course of action is also an essential part of being a
coach.
Planning a practice game
- Planning a practice game is important by having a practice plan, coaches will help their
athletes improve at a faster rate, have organization throughout the practice, and the
practices will be more efficient.
REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/focus questions
1. What is the difference between the goals of technical and tactical skill?
- The goal of technical skills is to execute a movement to the best of the athlete's ability.
The goal of tactical skill development is to make the athlete more successful in a game or
competition. Often, tactical skills involve using technical skills effectively.

2. Why is it important to use the technical and tactical skills in a particular sport?
- It is important because it enhance athlete success through routinely development of
technical and tactical skills design by coaches. Thus, this should be done regularly to give
one team an advantage over the other team.

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FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/Synthesis/Summary

All sports performers require some form of technical and tactical ability and should be
aware that a grasp of both technical and tactical aspects is required to enable them to compete
and improve. In sport those objectives are predominantly to win or to gain an advantage.

Technical and Tactical Skills in Playing Sports - In playing any sports, learning and
developing skills help athletes improve in the game. These skills involve physical training and
game strategies.
Technical Skills - These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game. These are
required in all sports. It advances in degrees or levels as a player practices or gets used to
doing the skills. Examples of these are dribbling, passing, and shooting in basketball, and ball
reception, attacking/spiking and setting in volleyball.
Tactical Skills - These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in different situations
during the game. These may vary depending on the trainer or coach, skill level of an athlete, or
the strength and weakness of the opposing team. A basic example is the use of quick pass and
movement against a taller but slower opponent in the basketball. The use of tactical decision
during a game is called game sense.