Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

CURRICULUM GRADE 10-12 DIRECTORATE

NCS (CAPS) SUPPORT

JUST IN TIME REVISION DOCUMENT

LIFE SCIENCES TERM 3 & 4

GRADE 10

2022

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
PREAMBLE

This document has been prepared as support material for Grade 10 Life Sciences.

The material has been arranged in such a way that studying can be undertaken
topic-wise. Within each topic, questions on the different sub-topics are arranged in
the same sequence as that in the 2022 Revised Annual Teaching Plan (ATP).

This document takes the following into account:

 Focus on core concepts and content per topic as well as the relevant
Life Sciences skills.
 Activity based Revision sessions and constant feedback on
assessments/activities given.
 Scaffolding of concepts according to cognitive/difficulty levels and a
differentiated approach to cater for learners with different abilities.
 Addressing the Common errors & misconceptions in each topic.
 Integration of the Just in Time concept into the KZN 12-point plan.
 Providing multiple opportunities for learners to master concepts through
multiple exposure using different source stimuli.
 A focus on scientific investigations and biological terminology for
each topic.
 Consolidating and supplementing topics through the use of previous
examination question papers.

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

CONTENTS

No. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Biodiversity to Ecosystem 3 - 18

2. Biodiversity and Classification 19 - 28

3. History of Life on Earth 29 - 42

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Grade: 10
Topic: Biosphere to Ecosystems

A. TOPIC PLAN
Lesson Aspect Classwork/Homework
1  Define the term biosphere Teaching Tool 1
 Define and describe the three components
biosphere:
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
 Define the term biome 
2  List and briefly explain the negative ways in which
humans influence the environment in which they
live, locally and globally.
 Negative effects:
 Increased carbon emissions lead to global
warming by increasing the greenhouse effect
 Habitat destruction leading to loss of biodiversity Activity 3
 Pollution of air, land and water
Deforestation
Desertification
 Exploitation of natural resources, e.g. medicinal
plants and animals
 Poor farming practices, e.g. Monoculture
3  List and briefly explain the positive ways in which
humans influence the environment in which they
live locally and globally.
Conservation attempts
Attempts to use renewable energy sources
Removal of alien invasive plants
Reducing carbon emissions through carbon tax
and through new technology
Recycling projects
 Improved farming practices, e.g. Crop
rotation, mixed culture

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
4  Define the term ecosystem.
Activity 1
 Differentiate between abiotic and biotic factors in
an ecosystem
 Describe the following abiotic factors:
 Climatic factors
Activity 4
 Physiographic factors
 Edaphic factors Activity 5
5  Describe the role of each of the following biotic Activity 2
factors in an ecosystem:
Producers: Plants and algae
Consumers
Primary consumers – herbivores
Secondary consumers – carnivores
Tertiary consumers – omnivores and/or top
carnivore
Decomposers - fungi and bacteria
6  Describe the concept of a food chain using Teaching Tool 2
examples
 Construct and interpret food chains
 Explain energy flow as the flow of energy through
a food chain from the sun to producers,
consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
and decomposers
7  Define a food web using examples Teaching Tool 3 ,
 Construct and interpret a food web
 Describe the impact of human activities on the
existence of food chains and food webs.
 Define trophic level
 Describe the concept of a food pyramid indicating
the various trophic levels
 Describe the following type of ecological pyramid:
Teaching Teal 4
Pyramid of numbers
Activity 6
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of energy
 Construct and interpret food pyramids

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
8  Describe the water cycle by constructing a flow Teaching Tool 5,
chart to show how water is recycled
Activity 7
 Define terminology related to the water cycle
 Describe the nitrogen cycle by constructing a flow
chart to show how nitrogen is recycled
9  Define terminology related to the nitrogen cycle Activity 8
 Describe the carbon cycle by constructing a flow
chart to show how carbon is recycled
 Describe the oxygen cycle by constructing a flow
chart to show how oxygen is recycled
 Define terminology related to the oxygen cycle

B. TEACHING TOOLS

Teaching Tool 1

Teaching Tool 2

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Teaching Tool 2

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Teaching Tool 3

Teaching Tool 4

Teaching Tool 5
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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

C. TERMINOLOGY
No Description Terminology
1 The layer of air that surrounds the earth and Atmosphere
consists of a mixture of gases.
2 A large area with a certain climate and a Biome
variety of plants and animals.
3 Organisms that manufacture their own food Producers
4 The soil and rocks comprising the outer layer Lithosphere
of the earth.
5 A particular area where biotic and abiotic Ecosystem
components interact with each other.
6 An organism that feeds on plant material. Herbivore
7 The study of the relationships or interactions Ecology
between living organisms and between living
organisms, and their natural environment.
8 Organisms that feed on dead or decaying Decomposers
matter.
9 The combined mass of water found on, under Hydrosphere
and above the surface of the earth.
10 Part of the earth where life exists. Biosphere
11 An organism that feeds on meat only as part of Carnivore
its diet
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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
12 An organism that consumes both plant and Omnivore
meet
13 Gaseous layer surrounding the earth’s surface Atmosphere
14 A non-living part of the of the ecosystem Abiotic factor
15 Inclination or steepness of a mountain Slope
16 All factors that relate to the soil Edaphic factors
17 Height above sea level Altitude
18 Ability of the soil to retain water Water retention capacity
19 Act of clearing a wide area of land of forests Deforestation
and all vegetation.
20 An organism found only in one area and Endemic
nowhere else

D. CLASSWORK / HOMEWORK

Activity 1
1.
1.1 Define ecology. (3)
1.2 List Three ways in which the humans influence the environment
(3)
negatively.
(6)

Activity 2
2 The diagram below represents an ecosystem.

2.1 List SIX biotic components from the diagram above. (6)
2.2 Why is the frog not a primary consumer? (2)
2.3 List TWO abiotic components (2)
2.4 What is the role of the sun? (2)
2.5 What would happen if all snails in this ecosystem died? (2)
(14)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 3
3
The paragraph below shows human activities and their interactions with the
natural environment.
Cape floral kingdom is the smallest of the world's floral kingdoms. It is home to
more endemic and indigenous plants than in any other region in South Africa.
Approximately 70% of the 9 000 plant species in this area are found nowhere
else in the world. The vegetation of this biome, which is mostly small bushes,
grows in nutrient poor soil. They also survive the long dry summer conditions,
as well as frequent fires.The flora of the Cape is threatened, amongst others, by
alien vegetation, as well as habitat destruction by humans. Already numerous
species are extinct from this biome. Hence, its conservation is a national
conservation priority. In a bid to save this biome, there are several projects
aiming at encouraging responsible travel to natural areas in order to conserve
the environment, as well as improving the well-being of local communities.
3.1 Give TWO reasons for the habitat destruction by humans. (2)
3.2 Give TWO possible reasons why humans need to conserve nature. (2)
3.3 Calculate the total number of species that are endemic to this biome. Show (2)
your working.
3.4 Name the type of practice mentioned in the passage to protect (1)
environments.
3.5 Name TWO ways in which the local communities benefit from the type of (2)
practice mentioned in QUESTION 3.4
(9)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 4
4 The diagram below represents part of a mountain range in the province of KZN.

4.1 Name THREE physiographic factors and briefly state what is meant by (6)
each.
4.2 State with a reason which slope (A or B)
(2)
(a) faces north ?
(b) is colder? (2)
4.3 Which slope (A or B) can be described as gentle? (2)
4.4 On which slope (A or B) would you expect to find shade-tolerant plants? (2)
(14)

Activity 5
5 An investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of alkaline pH on the growth
of roots of young Austrian pine plants. The results are shown in the table below.



5.1 List TWO planning steps that were taken during this investigation. (2)

5.2 Identify the independent variable in this investigation. (1)

5.3. Which plants grow better in alkaline soil according to these results (1)
5.4 State one factor that the investigator would have kept constant to (1)
ensure validity of the results.

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 6
6 A food pyramid is shown below of a simple food chain that involves a rabbit, a fox
and grass. It shows how much energy (in kilojoules) is passed on to each next trophic
level.

1St trophic level 1 KJ

2nd trophic level 10 KJ

3rd trophic level 100 kJ

6.1 Which of the organisms will occupy the…..

(a) first trophic level? (1)

(b) second trophic level? (1)

(c) third trophic level? (1)

6.2 Calculate the percentage of energy that is transferred from the first to
(2)
the third trophic level. Show all your workings.
6.3 List TWO reasons for the loss of energy from trophic level two to trophic
(2)
level three.
6.4 It was discovered that there was a high percentage of “DDT” in the
tissues of tertiary consumers in a river ecosystem. Account for this high
percentage of DDT in the tissues of these consumers. (2)
[Hint: DDT is an insecticide that is non-biodegradable.
(10)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 7
7 The diagram below illustrates the water cycle.

7.1 Identify the processes represented by A, B, C and D. (4)

7.2 Name TWO forms of process D. (2)
(6)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 8
8 The diagram below illustrates the process by which nitrogen is recycled.

8.1 (a) Identify the process shown by A in the diagram above. (1)
(b) Which LETTER in the diagram represents the process of denitrification? (1)
8.2 What is the significance of process A? (2)
8.3 Name two types of organisms represented by C which produce ammonia from (2)
dead organisms.
8.4 Identify process E and state its importance. (2)
8.5 Which substances (represented by F) are released by animals to form
(2)
ammonia?
(10)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
E. MARKING GUIDELINES
Activity 1
1 1.1 Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms themselves
and the interaction between the organisms and their environment.
(2)
1.2 Deforestation.

Burning of fossil fuels.

Over-consumption of natural resources

Exploitation of natural resources. 

Polluting the environment. 

(Any 3) (3)

 (5)

Activity 2
2 2.1 (i) Tadpoles
(ii) Frog
(iii) Fish
(iv) snail 
(v) flies 
(vi) weeds
(6)
2.2 The frog feeds on organisms that feed on producers.  (2)
2.3 (i) Light
(2)
(ii)water
2.4 The sun provides radiant energy which is used by plants for the process (2)
of photosynthesis.
2.5 The recycling of nutrients from the soil would be decreased, and the (2)
vegetation would not flourish as before.
(14)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 3
3 3.1 (i) More people are moving to cities, thus habitats are destroyed to build
dwelling shelters and industries. 
(ii) More land is used for ploughing to feed humans. 
(iii)There is an overuse of non- renewable resources. 
(Any first 2) (2)
3.2 (i) To protect biodiversity of organisms.
(ii) Global warming will be reduced.
(iii) Future generations will get an opportunity to have or experience what
would have been otherwise eternally lost. 
(Any first 2) (2)
3.3 70 x 9000
100
(2)
= 6900
3.4 Nature conservation  (1)
3.5 (i) Nature conservation ensures resources are preserved.  (2)
(ii) Communities will live better lives. 
(9)

Activity 4
4 4.1 (i) Slope - Inclination/Steepness of the mountain 
(ii) Aspect- refers to the position of an area in relation to the sun.
(iii) Altitude- is the height of the land above sea level.

(6)
4.2 (a) A- sunrays are falling on North facing slope.

(b) B- sunrays are not falling directly on it. (4)

4.3 B (2)

4.4 B (2)
(14)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 5

5 5.1 Decide on how to record results

Decide on apparatus to be used
Decide on duration of the investigation
Decide on method to be used
Decide on the age of the plants to be used
(Any 2)  (2)
5.2 Plant type (1)

5.3 Plant type C (1)
5.4 Same amount of water
Same temperature
Same duration of investigation
Same species of plants
Same amount of light
(Any1) (1)
 (5)

Activity 6
6.1 (a) Grass
(b) Rabbit.
(c) Fox (3)
6.2 _1_ X 100 
100 1

=1% (2)
6.3. Energy is lost through:
respiration 
movement, 
growth, 
reproduction, 
faeces, 
Urination
Metabolic wastes 
(Mark any first two) (2)
6.4 It accumulates in the organism’s body at each trophic level. (2)
 (10)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 7
7.1 A-Evaporation
B-Transpiration
C-Condensation
D-Precipitation
(4)
7.2 Rain 
Mist
Dew
Frost
Snow
Hail(Any 2)
(2)
(6)

Activity 8
8
8.1 (a) A nitrogen fixation  (1)

(b) E  (1)
8.2 Nitrogen fixation converts free nitrogen from the atmosphere so that it
becomes available to plants and animals for the synthesis of proteins.  (2)
8.3. fungi  and bacteria  (2)
8.4 Denitrification - It converts nitrates back to nitrogen. (2)
8.5 urea and uric acid (2)
(10)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Topic: Classification and Biodiversity

A. TOPIC PLAN
Lesson Aspect Classwork/Homework

1 ● Define the term classification Teaching Tool 1

● Explain the need for classification

● Describe the binomial system of naming organisms Activity 1

including the contribution of Linnaeus

● Explain why Latin is used in naming of organisms

Activity 2
 Provide an overview of the history of classification to
show how systems have changed over a period of time
with increased information and technology. Activity 3

2 ● Describe characteristics of the Five Kingdoms as follows: Teaching Tool 2

 Monera: (bacteria) single-celled organism with no true

nucleus – prokaryotic.
 Protista: (protists) includes single-celled or simple Activity 4
multicellular organisms, some are autotrophic, e.g.
algae, and some are heterotrophic, e.g. amoeba, they
are eukaryotic.

3 ● Five Kingdom system continues...:

 Fungi: Includes single-celled organisms, e.g. yeasts, Teaching Tool 3

includes multicellular organisms, e.g. mushrooms,
body composed of very fine threads, e.g. moulds,
they are saprophytic, eukaryotic Activity 5
 Plantae: (plants) multicellular organisms, cells have
cell walls, they obtain energy through photosynthesis,
and they are eukaryotic

4 ● Five Kingdom system continues...:

 Animalia: (animals) multicellular, aquatic and Activity 6

terrestrial organisms, cells have no cell walls, they
feed on other organisms and are eukaryotic

● Describe the differences between prokaryotic cell and

eukaryotic cell

5 Consolidation & Revision, Assessment

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

B.TEACHING TOOL/S

Teaching Tool 1

Organisms

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Monera

Unicellular Multicellular

Protista

with cell wall without cell wall

Animalia

Do not perform Able to perform

photosynthesis Photosynthesis

Fungi Plantae

Teaching Tool 2

A way to remember it is ”Kwaito People Come Out From Gauteng Singing” and by
learning this mnemonic you are going to remember the sequence in the classification
system;

• Kingdom – Kwaito
• Phylum – People
• Class – Come
• Order - Out
• Family – From
• Genus – Gauteng
• Species – Singing

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Teaching Tool 3
The table below shows how living organisms are classified according to the Five Kingdom
classification system.
Kingdom Body Structure Nutrition

Monera Unicellular, prokaryotic Autotrophic / heterotrophic

(a) Unicellular, eukaryotic Autotrophic / heterotrophic

Multicellular, eukaryotic,
Fungi Heterotrophic
cell walls containing (b)
Multicellular, eukaryotic,
Plantae (d)
cell walls containing (c)
Multicellular, eukaryotic,
Animalia Heterotrophic
no cell walls

1. Fill in the missing pieces of information from the table labelled (a) to (d) (4)

2. What does eukaryotic mean? (1)

C. TERMINOLOGY
No DESCRIPTION Biological Terms

1. The sorting and grouping of organisms according similarities and Classification

differences

2. The large variety of living organisms found on Earth. Biodiversity

3. Species found in one area and nowhere else in the world Endemic

4. Species that do not occur naturally in a habitat Indigenous

5. Organisms that do not have a true nucleus Prokaryote

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

D. CLASSWORKS/HOMEWORKS

Activity 1
1.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:

Carolus Linnaeus established a hierarchical classification system of

grouping similar organisms together. He grouped from broad groups
called Kingdoms down to the smallest group called species.
Using his system, a lion is fully classified as follows:

Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivores, Felidae, panthera leo.

1.1 According to Linnaeus’ system, which class does the lion belong to? (1)
1.2 The lion’s scientific or binomial name, panthera leo, has beenwritten (2)
incorrectly. Rewrite it correctly.
1.3 Why is it necessary for organisms to have scientific names? (2)
(5)

Activity 2
2. There are different ways of classifying organisms. The binomial
nomenclature system is used internationally to classify and identify
organisms, for example, humans are called Homo sapies.

2.1 Name the scientist who came up with the binomial system of classification (1)
of organisms

2.2 Give the taxonomy names in humans used to represent the following

(a) Homo (1)

(b) Sapien (1)

2.3 In which class would you classify all organisms that have fur on their (1)
bodies and can maintain a constant internal body temperature?

2.4 State ONE criterion scientists used to classify organisms. (1)

(5)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 3
3. Kuhle and Bongile found the animal tracks shown below while walking with their class
in a nearby field. Their teacher gave them the key below to help them identify the
footprints.

A B C

D E F

Track has distinct claw imprints Go to 2

1 Track does not have claw imprints Go to 5
Track has four toepads Go to 3
2 Track has three or five toepads Go to 4
Webbed foot Crocodile
3 Foot not webbed Cheetah
Three toepads African Penguin
4 Five toepads Baboon
Toepad imprints visible Go to 6
5 Toepad imprints are not visible Elephant
Four toepad imprints Leopard
6 Three toepad imprints Dassie
3.1 Use the key above to identify footprints A, B, C and D. Write down only the (4)
letter (A, B, C or D) and the name of the animal.

(4)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 4
4. According to the Five-Kingdom system of classification, each of the organisms shown below
belongs to a different Kingdom. Complete the table by filling in the missing words. Write
down only the question number (3.1–3.10) and the answer, for example 3.11 Animalia.

Organism

Kingdom 3.1 Protista Fungi 3.2 Animalia

Genus Paramecium Agaricus Protea Bos
Species caudatum Bisporus Cynaroides Taurus
Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote
or 3.3 3.4 3.5
Eukaryote
Unicellular Unicellular or Multicellular Multicellular
or 3.6 Multicellular 3.7
Multicellular
Method of Autotrophic Autotrophic,
Feeding and Heterotrophic 3.8 3.9
heterotrophic and
Saprophytic

Scientific 3.10
name
4.1 Write numbers 3.1 – 3.10 and fill in the missing words (10)

Activity 5
5. The table below shows the number of each endemic species in South Africa.

ORGANISM NUMBER OF ENDEMIC SPECIES

Marine fish 97
Mammals 35
Birds 16
Amphibians 52
Reptiles 121
Vertebrates 41
Total 362

5.1 Define endemic. (1)

5.2 Which organism has the lowest number of endemic species in South Africa? (1)

5.3 Calculate the percentage of endemic species in South Africa which are reptiles. (3)
Show ALL working.

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

5.4 Suggest TWO reasons why humans need to conserve endemic species (2)

(7)

Activity 6
6.
The snow leopard is classified as follows:
Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae, Panthera, Uncia

6.1 To which Order and Family does the snow leopard belong? (2)

6.2 Correct the errors in the snow leopard’s binomial (scientific) name. (1)

6.3 How many kingdoms of living organisms are there? (1)

6.4 The snow leopard is eukaryotic. What does this mean? (1)

6.5 Suggest which mode of nutrition and method of reproduction is (2)

common in snow leopards.
6.6 Tigers, jaguars, lions and leopards belong to the same genus as (1)
snow leopards.

Name the type of two-step key that may be used to identify these
cats.
(8)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

E. MARKING GUIDELINES

1. Teaching Tool 3

1. (a) Protista (1)

(b) Chitin (1)
(c) Cellulose (1)
(d) Autotrophic (1)

2. Has true nucleus (1)

2. ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
1.

1.1 Mammalia (1)

1.2 Panthera leo (2)

Name: Panthera leo

Underlined

1.3 To avoid confusion / be accurate (2)

as common names vary from region to region

(5)

Activity 2
2.

2.1 Carolus Linnaeus (1)

2.2 (a) Genus /Genera (1)

(b) Species (1)

2.3 Mammalia/ Mammals (1)

2.4 Common characteristics / features (1)

(5)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 3
3.

3.1 A – Baboon (1)

B – African Penguin (1)

C – Leopard (1)

D - Elephant (1)

(4)

Activity 4
4.

4.1 Monera (1)

4.2 Plantae (1)

4.3 Prokaryote (1)

4.4 Eukaryote (1)

4.5 Eukaryote (1)

4.6 Unicellular (1)

4.7 Multicellular (1)

4.8 Saprophytic (1)

4.9 Autotrophic (1)

4.10 Paramecium cordatum (Must be underlined separately) (1)

(10)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 5
5.

5.1 Species found in a particular area or country and nowhere else (1)

5.2 Bird (1)

5.3 121 + 362  x 100%

= 33% / 33.4% (3)

5.4 - For medicinal value

- For ecotourism

- To prevent extinction

- For economic benefit (Any 2) (2)

(7)

Activity 6
6.

6.1 Order – Carnivora (1)

Family – Felidae (1)

6.2 Panthera uncia (lowercase ‘u’) both underlined separately (1)

6.3 Five / 5  (1)

6.4 It has cells with a true nucleus / DNA enclosed in a membrane (1)
organelles in the cytoplasm

6.5 Mode of nutrition – Heterotrophic  (1)

Method of reproduction – Sexual  (1)

6.7 Dichotomous key / Biological key (1)

(8)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Topic: History of life on earth

F. TOPIC PLAN
Lesson Aspect Classwork/homework
1  Explain that theory of evolution suggests Activity 1
that earth is about 4.6 billion years ago.
 Describe the relationship between the
history of Life and the following important
events:
 Increase in oxygen levels
 Plate tectonics
 Ice ages
2  Describe the relationship between the Activity 2
history of Life and the following important
events:
 Continental drift
 Biogeography
 Fossil evidence
3  Describe the geological timescale with respect to Activity 3
the following three eras as mentioned by
scientists to understand the history of life:
 Palaeozoic
 Mesozoic
 Cenozoic
 Interpretation of the geological timescale
4  Cambrian explosion
 Describe Cambrian explosion. Activity 4
 State what happened towards the end of Cambrian
explosion
5 Mass extinction Activity 5
 Differentiate between extinction and mass
extinction
 Mention how many mass extinctions have occurred
throughout history.
 State possible causes of mass extinctions.
6 Continuity of Mass extinction Activity 6
 State possible causes that have been provided for
the following two major mass extinctions:
 250 mya
 65 mya
 Explain why the current rate of extinction is
referred to as the sixth mass extinction.
 Construct a timeline showing history of life,
research missing link between dinosaurs
and birds, hypotheses of extinction.

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
7 Fossil studies Activity 7
 Define the term fossil
 Describe how fossils are formed
 List different types of fossils and state how they are
formed.
8 Fossil studies Activity 8
 Describe the following methods of dating fossils.
 Relative dating
 Radiometric dating
9 Consolidation and revision
10 Topic test

B. TEACHING TOOL

Teaching Tool 1
Five big mass extinction have occurred over the past 500 million years on earth. Look at
the diagram and answer the question that follow.

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
1. Use the information on the timeline to complete the following table.

End Triassic– End Late

Mass extinction (a)
Cretaceous Jurassic Permian Devonian

Era in which it Cenozoic /

(b) (c) (d) (e)
occurred Mesozoic

How many million

(f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
years ago?
(10)

Teaching Tool 2

Diagram can be used when teaching geological time scale

1. Which mass extinction took place towards the end of Paleozoic era (1)
2. Which era has the longest duration (1)
3. Name two events or factors known to have caused mass extinction (2)
(4)

C. TERMINOLOGY
No. Description Biological term
1 Process by which all members of a particular species die out so Extinction
that not even a single one exist
2 Study of life form that existed in previous geological period as Palaeontology
represented by their fossil
3 Upwards movements of plates Plate tectonic
4 The study of past and present distribution of biological Biogeography
organisms in the world
5 The process by which populations change over time due to the Evolution
changes in their environment
6 Evidence of ancient life Fossil
7 Long period where earth experienced extremely cold weather Ice age

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

D. CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK

Activity 1
1. Briefly describe the following three events that was used by scientists to explain how
life began on earth
1.1 Increase in level of oxygen (2)
1.2 Climate change e.g. ice age (2)
1.3 Geological event (2)
(6)

Activity 2
2. Read the passage below and answer the question which follow

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

2.1 (1)

2.2 (1)

2.3 (3)
2.4
(1)
2.5
6.4 (2)
2.6
(2)
(10)

33
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 3
3. The following diagram shows the geological time scale.

3.1 (1)

3.2 (1)

3.3 (2)

3.4 (2)

3.5 (2)

(8)

34
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 4
4. The flow chart below shows the evolution of the modern day elephant

4.1 (1)
4.2 (1)
4.3 (3)
4.4 (1)
4.5 (1)

4.6 (1)

4.7 (2)

(10)

Activity 5
5. Read the passage below and answer the question which follow

5.1 Describe how scientist date these fossils (4)

35
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 6
6.
6.1 Define what is meant by mass extinction (2)
6.2 State FOUR causes of mass extinction (4)
(6)

Activity 7
7. Study the diagram of fossil and answer the question.

7.1 (1)
7.2 (4)
7.3 (1)
7.4 (3)
7.5 (2)
7.6 (2)
7.7 (2)

(15)

36
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 8
8. The table below shows the decay of carbon-14 overtime.

8.1 (2)

8.2
(1)

(1)

8.3 (2)
8.4 (2)
(8)

37
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Topic: History of life on Earth

E. MARKING GUIDELINES

Teaching tool 1
1.
a) Late Ordovician 
b) Mesozoic
c) Mesozoic/Palaeozoic 
d) Palaeozoic 
e) Palaeozoic 
f) 65 mya 
g) 208 mya 
h) 245 mya 
i) 365 mya 
(9)

Teaching tool 2
2.
2.1 Permian (1)
2.1 Palaezoic (1)
2.3  Volcanic activity (2)
 Climate change
 Glaciations (any two)
(4)

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Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 1
1

(2)

(2)

(2)
(6)

39
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022
Activity 2
2.
2.1 (1)

2.2 (1)

2.3

(3)

2.4 (1)

2.5
(2)

2.6 (2)

(10)

Activity 3
3.
3.1 Permian period (1)
3.2 Million years ago (1)
3.3. The number of reptiles species decreased the number of mammal (2)
species increased
3.5 Reptiles , birdsand mammals( any two) (2)
3.5 Birds are more related to reptiles √they share an immediate/ more (2)
recent common ancestor√
(8)

40
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 4
4.
4.1 (1)
4.2 (1)

4.3 (3)

4.4 (1)
4.5 (1)
4.6
(1)
4.7

(2)

(10)

Activity 5
5.
5.1 Relative dating 
 The age of the fossil is worked out by comparing to the age of
another fossil or geological event 
Radiometric dating
 Attempets to find out how long ago a particular fossil was
formed/gives a real age of the fossil (4)

Activity 6
6.
6.1 The extinction of large numbers of species over a relatively short period of (3)
timeas result of catastrophic event /massive change in environmental
condition
6.2  volcanic eruption
 impacts of large esteroids or comets
 glaciations and ice age
 extra-terrestrial radiation (4)
(7)

41
Life Sciences Grade 10 JIT Term 3 & 4 of 2022

Activity 7
7.
7.1 (1)
7.2

(4)
7.3 (1)

7.4

(3)
7.5 (2)

7.6
(2)

7.7

(2)

(15)

Activity 8
8.
8.1 Radiometric dating , relative dating (2)

8.2 a) X= 28 650 mya (1)

b) Y= 3,125 % (1)

8.3 After 60 million years there no more carbon-14 remaining in the fossil (2)

8.4 Not all organisms become fossilised some fossil might not been (2)
found
(8)

42