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1. "Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed
phenomenon" (Babbie, 2010).
o Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research (12th ed.). Wadsworth
Cengage Learning.
2. "Research is a careful and detailed study into a specific problem, concern, or issue using
the scientific method" (Bordens & Abbott, 2014).
o Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (2014). Research design and methods: A process
approach (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
3. "Research is the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and
analysis of the situational factors" (Sekaran & Bougie, 2016).
o Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-
building approach (7th ed.). Wiley.
4. "Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to
increase our understanding of the phenomenon under study" (Leedy & Ormrod, 2015).
o Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Practical research: Planning and design
(11th ed.). Pearson.
5. "Research is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison, and
experiment" (Kothari, 2004).
o Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques (2nd ed.).
New Age International.
6. "Research is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing, and
evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge" (Creswell,
2014).
o Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
7. "Research is an original investigation undertaken in order to gain knowledge and
understanding" (Higher Education Funding Council for England, 2001).
o Higher Education Funding Council for England. (2001). Research assessment
exercise: RAE 2001. Retrieved from https://www.rae.ac.uk
8. "Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of
knowledge" (OECD, 2002).
o Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2002).
Frascati manual 2002: Proposed standard practice for surveys on research and
experimental development. OECD Publishing.
9. "Research is the diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to
discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc." (Merriam-Webster, 2021).
o Merriam-Webster. (2021). Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.).
Merriam-Webster Incorporated.
10. "Research is the process of discovering new information by means of a systematic study"
(Cambridge Dictionary, 2021).
o Cambridge Dictionary. (2021). Cambridge English dictionary. Cambridge
University Press.
11. "Research is an organized and systematic way of finding answers to questions" (Burns,
2000).
 o Burns, R. B. (2000). Introduction to research methods (4th ed.). Sage
Publications.
12. "Research is a way of asking questions and systematically finding answers" (Neuman,
2014).
o Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches (7th ed.). Pearson.
13. "Research is the collection and analysis of information to increase our understanding of a
topic or issue" (Walliman, 2011).
o Walliman, N. (2011). Research methods: The basics. Routledge.
14. "Research is a systematic approach to problem-solving, discovering new information, or
expanding the boundaries of knowledge" (Bell, 2010).
o Bell, J. (2010). Doing your research project: A guide for first-time researchers in
education, health and social science (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Open University
Press.
15. "Research is an investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and
interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or
practical application of such new or revised theories or laws" (Encyclopedia Britannica,
2021).
o Encyclopedia Britannica. (2021). Research. In Encyclopedia Britannica online.
Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com
16. "Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in a technical
sense" (Redman & Mory, 1923).
o Redman, L. V., & Mory, A. V. H. (1923). The romance of research. Henry Holt
and Company.
17. "Research is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve
problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable" (Gay, Mills, &
Airasian, 2011).
o Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2011). Educational research:
Competencies for analysis and applications (10th ed.). Pearson.
18. "Research is a voyage of discovery, a quest to develop a deeper understanding of a
phenomenon" (O'Leary, 2014).
o O'Leary, Z. (2014). The essential guide to doing your research project (2nd ed.).
Sage Publications.
19. "Research is a systematic, rigorous investigation of a situation or problem in order to
generate new knowledge or validate existing knowledge" (Polit & Beck, 2017).
o Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing
evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
20. "Research is a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or
information about it" (Oxford Learner's Dictionary, 2021).
o Oxford Learner's Dictionary. (2021). Oxford learner's dictionaries online.
Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
21. "Research is the manipulation of things, concepts, or symbols for the purpose of
generalizing to extend, correct, or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in
construction of theory or in the practice of an art" (Slesinger & Stephenson, 1930).
o Slesinger, D., & Stephenson, M. (1930). The principles and practice of research.
Science, 71(1836), 419-422.
 22. "Research is a process of investigation leading to new insights effectively shared"
(Australian Research Council, 2019).
o Australian Research Council. (2019). Research impact principles and framework.
Retrieved from https://www.arc.gov.au
23. “Research is more than compiling, counting, and tabulating data. It involves deducing the
consequences of hypotheses through careful observation and the application of rigorous
logic.” (Best & Kahn, 2006).
o Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in education (10th ed.). Pearson.
24. “Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information—
data—in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are
interested or concerned.” (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001).
o Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2001). Practical research: Planning and design
(8th ed.). Prentice Hall.
25. "Research is a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover new information
or reach a new understanding" (Cambridge English Dictionary, 2021).
o Cambridge English Dictionary. (2021). Cambridge English dictionary.
Cambridge University Press.
26. "Research is a process through which we attempt to systematically investigate, study, and
analyze in order to enhance knowledge and understanding" (Denscombe, 2010).
o Denscombe, M. (2010). The good research guide: For small-scale social
research projects (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Open University Press.
27. "Research is the diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles,
theories, applications, etc." (Good, 1959).
o Good, C. V. (1959). Dictionary of education. McGraw-Hill.
28. "Research is the methodical investigation into a subject in order to discover facts,
establish or revise a theory, or develop a plan based on the facts discovered" (Hughes,
1994).
o Hughes, J. A. (1994). The philosophy of social research (2nd ed.). Longman.
29. "Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue" (Creswell, 2013).
o Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
30. "Research is a systematic and creative investigation conducted to increase or revise
current knowledge by discovering new facts" (Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems,
2008).
o Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. (2008). Research. Retrieved from
http://www.eolss.net

These references provide a wide array of definitions and perspectives on what research entails.