Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Shield Ring on the Unit Step
Response of a 300kV Standard Impulse Resistive Divider
Yang Pan*, Lei Lai*, Haiming Shao†, Li Ren Zhou* and Guo Zhong Zhan*
*
Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, 1500 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
(
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected])
†
National Institute of Metrology, No 18 Bei San Huan Road, Beijing 100084, China
(
[email protected])
Abstract —The requirement to the response time and dynamic 0.16mm with an insulation layer 0.005mm and arranged in the
behaviors of a standard impulse resistive divider is very strict. style of Ayrton-Perry inductance free winding as Fig.1 shows.
Main influence factor contributes to the measurement error of
the divider is caused by stray capacitance to the earth. This paper
calculated the stray capacitance and distribution capacitance
parameters of the divider’s high voltage arm with finite element
method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM). The
simulation results of electric-field and compensation effect on the
stray capacitance to the earth with different shield ring structure
are analyzed.
Index Terms — Standard impulse divider, numerical
simulation, unit step response, shield ring design, precision
measurements.
I. INTRODUCTION
Resistive dividers are preferred in the precision Fig.1. Ayrton-Perry inductance free winding
measurement of full lightening and chopped impulse high
voltage due to its short response time and rapidly dynamic The residual inductance of the high voltage arm is
characteristics. As to the full lightening impulse with 1.2/50us calculated by formula [2]:
-7
time parameter, the relative amplitudes become already very L(H) =l*10 [μr /4+ln(4a/πD) (1)
small in a frequency range of about 0.5~1MHz. However the Where l is the length of Karmaroy wire, and μr the relative
chopping of the voltage within the front requires very wide permeability of conductor.
bandwidth which increases with decreasing chopping time. It is shown in the Fig. 2 that the distributed parameter
Due to the large “scale factors” of impulse divider, it is very network is able to demonstrate the divider transfer properties.
hard to evaluate the transfer characteristics by means of
frequency domain, as an alternative, the time domain method
“unit step response” is widely used [1].
Transient process of voltage distribution variation due to
stray capacitance leads to the measurement error. In order to
compensate stray capacitance to the earth, the practical
application of field control shielding ring on top of the divider
can be an effective method which makes initial voltage
distribution relative uniform. This paper extracts stray
parameters of capacitance and calculates the electric field
distribution with FEM and BEM for a 300kV standard
impulse divider with different structure of shield ring, the Fig.2. Distribution parameter network of divider
simulation result allows the optimization of divider design. Ld in Fig.2 is given by the following relation:
Ld= μ0l [ln(2l/r)-1] /2π (2)
II. DESIGN STRUCTURE OF STANDARD DIVIDER Where l is connection lead of 2 m long and r of 1 cm radius.
High voltage arm of divider is equally divided into ten
The designed 300kV standard divider’s height measures sections [3]. The stray capacitance of each section, different
115cm from ground to top. The resistance of high voltage arm sections and sections to the earth such as C p ,Cn,m, C e are
’ ’
winding on the insulation column is 4.5 kΩ which is made of extracted with FEM and BEM method. Thus we can also get
Karmaroy wire wound resistors. The wire’s diameter is
978-1-4673-0442-9/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE 560
the capacitances from shield ring to the earth and to the
different resistor sections.
III. ELECTRIC FIELD CALCULATION
Corona will bring nonlinear error to the measurement result,
so the maximum electric field strength of top electrode within
the breakdown field strength of air should be ensured. The
substance of compensate the stray capacitance to the earth
using shield ring related to uniformly distribution of electric
field along resistor winding column. That means electric lines
perpendicular to the equipotent surface and parallel to the
resistor column would be best.
Fig.4. Unit response of different compensation structure
C. Effect of ring location
The ring height varies from 0.66 H, 0.75 H to 0.8 H with
60mm section are investigated. Response time of ta and tn
changed slightly but the tendency demonstrates the decrease
of height makes the absolute value of response time ta and tn
increasing.
D. Influence of ring section
Different top ring sections vary from 60 mm, 90 mm and
Fig.3. different structure of shield ring 120 mm with diameter 2H/3 are investigated. Although the
increase of section gives rise to the response time, it seems
Three different styles of top electrodes are analyzed (plane, that the response output is not sensitive to this section change.
ring and conic) in finding optimum structure. Careful electric-
field computation are carried out with different ring diameter,
section and location(Fig.3), the result shows that with ring V. CONCLUSION
diameter 2H/3，60 mm section and ring located at 3H/4 give FEM and BEM are effective in extracting stray capacitance
relative pretty good electric-field uniformly distribution of divider. Shield Ring with 3H/4 in height, 2H/3 in diameter
characteristics along the column where the resistors locate. and 60mm in ring section gives pretty good dynamic
characteristics when 2 meters long connection leads with 400
IV. RESULT OF UNIT STEP RESPONSE OUTPUT Ω Rd applied to the top.
A. Damping Resistor Effect ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The effect of the damping resistance Rd has been Thanks to Mr. Yuan Sheng from China Shanghai Jiao Tong
investigated by varying value from 200 Ω, 400 Ω to 600 Ω; it University who gives constructive suggestions to this paper.
is obvious that with the reduction of damping resistance give
rise to the overshoot and oscillation of unit step response.
REFERENCES
B. Effect of Electrode compensation
[1] E.Kuffel, W.S. Zaengl, and J.Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering
Generally, the plane electrode with diameter D=H can Fundamentals, London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.
obtain fairly good compensation effect because of its uniform [2] F.Campisi, E, Rinaldi, and G.Rizzi, C.Valagussa, “A new wire
of electric field between resistor column. Actually from Fig.4 wound resistive divider for steep front impulse tests: design
we can see that bigger plane diameter will give large value of criteria and calibration procedure,” ISH 1999 Conf. Digest, p.
capacitance from the electrode to the earth, the response time 1.164 P4, August 1999.
slow down accordingly. Simulation result shows that the [3] M.Zucca, A. Sardi, O. Bottauscio, and O. Saracco, “Modeling
compensation effect of plane with D=2H/3 at the top gives H.V. reference dividers for lightening impulses,” ISH 1999
almost the same effect with shield ring located at the height of Conf. Digest, p. 1.70.S21, August 1999.
3H/4 and diameter of 2H/3 (ring section 60 mm).
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