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QUESTION
MINERAL BASED AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES.
 Industries Importance and classification
• Agro based Industry - Sugar, Textile (Cotton).
• Mineral based Industry – Iron & Steel (Tata Steel, Rourkela), Petro
Chemical and Electronics.

1. With reference to sugar industries , answer the following questions. (3)

i. Why should these industries be located close to the sugarcane
growing areas?
The sucrose content in the cane decreases rapidly due to
evaporation. So the cane should reach the mills at the earliest.
ii. Name 2 by-products of the sugar industry.
Bagasse ( use-paper), Molasses ( use- alcohol) and pressmud
( use – shoe polish)
iii. Mention one leading sugar producing state in North India and one
in South India.
N.India- Uttar Pradesh
S,India- Maharashtra
2. Give one reason: (3)
i. Ahmedabad is an important cotton textile producing centre.
There is plentiful supply of raw cotton fibre , the basic raw material
required by the cotton industry , as Gujarat is the largest producer
of raw cotton in India ,as it has fertile black soil and favourable
tropical climate for the growth of cotton.

ii. Cottage industries are significant for our economy.

They require very less capital investment for setting up and
provides employment to a large section of the population .
iii. Petrochemical industries are usually located close to the oil
refineries.
These industries get their raw material ( naptha , benzene)supply
from the oil refineries.
It reduces the cost of transportation.

3. i.Name a private sector iron and steel plant in India. (2)

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Tata Iron and steel industry at Jamshedpur (TISCO)

i. From where does it gets its supply of:
a) Iron ore – Singhbhum district in Jharkhand
b) Manganese- Noamundi in Jharkhand
c) Coal.- Jharia in Jharkhand
4. Mention any 2 problems faced by the cotton textile industry of India. (2)
Inadequate supply of good long staple cotton.
Stiff competition from synthetic fibres such as rayon , nylon and
polyester.
5. Give a geographical reason: (2)
i. Petrochemical products are gaining popularity in modern times.
They are cheaper and more durable.
ii. The electronics industry is proving to be an asset for our country in
the field of education.
The country has progressed rapidly due to extensive research
programmes made possible by ISRO( Indian Space Research
Organisation) at Bangalore , Satellite launching station at
Sriharikota and National Remote Sensing at Hyderabad. India
has advanced tremendously in the IT sector that has aided the
education system.
6. Name the following: (3)
i. The Electronics/ IT capital of India. - Bangalore
ii. The location of an iron and steel industry set up with German
( Krupps Demag) collaboration.- Rourkela steel plant.
iii. A by-product of sugar industry which is used in the manufacture of
wax and shoe polish.- Pressmud.
7. Though Uttar Pradesh has the largest number of sugar mills , yet
Maharashtra is the largest producer of sugar.Give 2 reasons. (2)
The mills in Uttar Pradesh are closed for 3 months during the cold
winters. But in Maharashtra , the sugar mills can remain open for 12
months of the year due to warmer conditions.
The mills in Maharashtra are also more modern owing to a later start than
the mills in U.P. So productivity in Maharashtra is higher.
8. Give the geographical term: (3)
i. Industries that are owned and controlled by the government- Public
sector industries.
ii. Rejected cane after crushing.of sugarcane produced in India.-
Bagasse
iii. Industries that use heavy raw materials and manufacture heavy
products.-
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Heavy industries.( Eg. Iron and steel )

9. With reference to cotton textile industry : (3)

Give 2 reasons why Mumbai is an important cotton textile industry.
1. No dearth of raw cotton.Mumbai’s hinterland has black soil and grows large
quantities of raw cotton.
2.Mumbai has the largest natural port that helps in the import of machinery
and export of cotton goods.
3. Humid climate favours the production of yarn of good quality.
4. Cheap power from Tata Hydroelectric systems .
5. Excellent transport network.
6. Large supply of capital .

i. Mention 2 more important centers of cotton textile industry in

India.
Mumbai , Ahmedabad.

10.i. Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic / key industry? (2)
It is the key industry on which other industries depend , as iron and
steel is required to make all machineries that are used in the
manufacturing process.
ii.Define a mini steel plant.
Mini steel plants use cheaply available scrap iron in the electric arc
furnaces to make steel.
They need less capital investment.
They produce fewer items like stainless steel or alloy steel.

ii. What are Integrated steel plants? (2)

Steel plants where various processes of iron and steel making
including smelting of iron ore in blast furnace , coke
making ,rolling and shaping into blooms and various structural
steels are done in one unit is called an integrated steel plant.
Integrated steel plants use raw materials like iron ore , coal ,
manganese , limestone in the blast furnace for making pig iron or
molten iron.
11.Name 2 products of the petroleum industry. (2)
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Petrol , diesel , kerosene

12.What is a footloose industry? (1)
It does not have a fixed location or no particular locational factor is
predominant.
The raw material required by these industries are generally available in
most regions. , while the markets for their finished products are scattered
everywhere.
Eg.
Cotton textile mills.
13.State the factors that favour the location of industries.
1. Availability of raw materials
2. Land
3. Capital – money that is invested
4. Labour – skilled and unskilled
5. Organisational skills - Managers
6. Transport – cheap and efficient
7. Power
8. Market – demand for the product
9. Climatic factors
10.Water
14.Classify industries on the basis of raw materials.
1.Agro based industries – They use agricultural raw materials . Eg. Cotton
, Sugar
2.Mineral based – Use raw materials obtained from mines. Eg. Iron &
steel , petro-chemical.
3.Forest based – use raw material obtained from forests. Eg. Paper ,
timber.
15. Classify industries on the basis of nature of products.
1.Heavy industries – use heavy and bulky raw materials and manufacture
heavy products.Eg. Iron and steel
2. Light industries – use light raw materials and produce light goods.Eg.
Cotton textile

16. Classify industries on the basis of size and investment.

1.Large scale – require very large capital investment, employ large number of
workers , production is on a large scale.Eg. Iron and steel.
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2. Small scale – has a small capital base , employ less labour and produce
smaller quantities.
17. Classify industries on the basis of management.
1.Public sector – Industries are owned and controlled by the Central or State
governments.
Eg. Rourkela Steel Plant in Odisha. ( SAIL – Steel Authority of India is a
government body mananging all the Public sector steel plants of India)
2.Private Sector – Industries are owned and managed by private industrialists.
Eg. TISCO – Tata Iron and Steel Company in Jamshedpur in Jharkhand owned
by the Tatas.
3. Joint Sector – Industries owned jointly by the government and private
industrialists.
Eg. MTNL
4.Cooperative Sector – are owned and run cooperatively by a group of people
who usually produce the raw materials.
Eg. Sugar mills
18.Name the first and only private sector steel plant in India.
Where does it get its raw materials.
TISCO – Tata Iron and steel company located at Jamshedpur in the
Singhbhum district of Jharkhand.
It was started by Jamshedji Tata , as it is close to the mineral rich
Chotanagpur Plateau.
Iron ore – Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Mayurbhanj in Odisha
Coal – Jharia in Jharkhand
Limestone – Gangpur in Odisha
Manganese – Noamundi in Jharkhand
Power – DVC ( Damodar Valley Corporation)
Water – River Subarnarekha and Kharkoi.
19. Name a Public sector steel plant started with foreign collaboration.
Where does it get its raw materials?
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The Rourkela Steel plant in Odisha was developed with the help of the
famous German firm , Krupps and Demag.
Iron ore – Mayurbhanj and Bonaigarh in Odisha.
Coal – Jharia in Jharkhand , Talcher in Odisha.
Limestone – Birmitrapur
Manganese – Noamundi
Power – Hirakud Project ( River Mahanadi)
Water – Sankh river
20.What is the importance of the Electronic industry?
1. Produces television , radio , computers, cellular phones, defence equipments.
2. Contributed to space technology and software industry.
3. Provides employment to large number of people.
4. Formed the Silicon Triangle comprising of Bangalore – Hyderabad – Pune.
5. A major industrial hub has developed in Bengaluru with many electronic and
electrical manufacturing units such as ITI ( Indian Telephone Industries) , BEL
( Bharat Electronics Ltd) and HMT ( Hindustan Machine Tools) .
6.Bengaluru is the IT capital of India.
21. What factors have favoured the growth of Bengaluru as the IT capital of
India?
1. Has World class IT infrastructure.
2. Pleasant climate throughout the year.
3.High concentration of IT companies like TCS , Infosys , Wipro , HCL and
Satyam.
4.Progressive government policies.
21.What is the source of petrochemicals?
Coal , petroleum and natural gas.
22.Name the products of the Petrochemical industries.
1. Fertilisers from ammonia.
2. Synthetic fibres from propylene.
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3.Plastics from ethylene.

4. Synthetic rubber .
22.What are the major factors that affect the location of Petrochemical
industries?
1. Presence of petroleum refinery.
2. Presence of port and ready market.
23.Why are petrochemical industries gradually becoming popular ?
1.They are cheaper.
2. They are durable.
3. They employ about 3 million people and contribute to the National income.
24. Name some major Petrochemical industries in India.
1.Reliance Petrochemicals at Jamnagar in Gujarat.
2.Haldia Petrochemicals near Kolkata in West Bengal.
25. Why is Kolkata also a major cotton textile producing centre?
1. Coal in plentiful supply from Raniganj and Jharia.
2. Port of Kolkata helps in import of machinery and export of cotton goods.
3. Humid climate helps production of good quality yarn.
4. Soft water supply from Hooghly river for bleaching and dyeing.
26. What are the advantages of the sugar mills in South / Peninsular India?
1. The sugar mills are open for 12 months of the year , as sugarcane can be
grown here throughout the year due to not very cold severe winters like in North
India.
2. As sugar mills were started later here , they have better modern
equipments.
3. Mills are better managed by Cooperatives.
27. Name the important sugar mills in India.
1. Uttar Pradesh ( largest number of mills) –Kanpur
2. Bihar – Darbhanga
3. Maharashtra – Nasik
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4. Andhra Pradesh – Hyderabad.