STANDARD-X, PHYSICS, Practice questions (TERM-2)

CHAPTER-ELECTRICITY
1 Define the term current and state its S.I. unit. 2

2 In a conductor, 6.25 X 1016 electrons flow from its end A to B in 2 s. Find the current 2
flowing through the conductor ( e= 1.6 X 10 -19 C).

3 Define the term electric potential. State its S.I. unit. 2

4 A current of 1.6 mA flows through a conductor. If charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10 - 2

19
coulomb, find the number of electrons that will pass each second through the cross
section of that conductor.

5 How is the electric potential difference between the two points defined? State its S.I. 2
unit.

6 Find the potential difference required to pass a current of 200 mA in a wire of 2

resistance 20 ohm.

7 Explain the statement 'the potential difference between two points is 1 volt'. 2

8 An electric bulb draws 1.2 A current at 6.0 V. Find the resistance of filament of bulb
while glowing.

9 a. State whether the current is a scalar or vector? What does the direction of current 2
convey?
State whether the potential is a scalar or vector? What does the positive and negative
sign of potential convey?
10 A car bulb connected to a 12 volt battery draws 2 A current when glowing. What is the 2
resistance of the filament of the bulb? Will the resistance be more, same or less when
the bulb is not glowing.

11 Define the term resistance. State its S.I. unit. 2

12 Calculate the current flowing through a wire of resistance 5 ohm connected to a 2

battery of potential difference 3 V.

13 (a) Name the particles which are responsible for the flow of current in a metallic wire. 2
(b) Explain the flow of current in a metallic wire on the basis of movement of the
particles named by you above in part
(c) What is the cause of resistance offered by the metallic wire in the flow of current
through it?
14 In an experiment of verification of Ohm's law, following observations are obtained. 2
Potential 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
difference
V (in volt)
 Current I 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
(in amp)
Draw a characteristic V-I graph and use this graph to find :
(a) potential difference V when the current I is 0.5 A.
(b) current I when the potential difference V is 0.75 V.
(c) resistance in circuit
15 State Ohm's law and draw a neat labelled circuit diagram containing a battery, a key, a 2
voltmeter, an ammeter, a rheostat and an unknown resistance to verify it.

16 Two wires of the same material and same length have radii 1 mm and 2 2
mm respectively. Compare (i) their resistances (ii) their resistivities.

17 (a) Name and state the law which relates the potential difference and current in a 2
conductor.
(b) What is the necessary condition for a conductor to obey the law named above in
part (a)?
18 A given wire of resistance 1 is stretched to double its length. What will be its new 2
resistance?
19 (a) Draw a V-I graph for a conductor obeying Ohm's law. 2
(b) What does the slope of V-I graph for a conductor represent?

20 A wire of 3 ohm resistance and 10 cm length is stretched to 30 cm length. Assuming 2

that it has a uniform cross-section, what will be its new resistance?
21 Draw an I - V graph for a linear resistor. What does its slope represent? 2

22 A wire of 9 ohm resistance having 30 cm length is tripled on itself. What is its new
resistance?
23 What is an ohmic resistor? Give one example of an ohmic resistor. Draw a graph to 2
show its current – voltage relationship. How is the resistance of the resistor
determined from this graph?

24 What length of copper wire of resistivity 1.7 x 10-8 Ωm and radius 1 mm is required so 2
that its resistance is 1Ω.

25 What are non-ohmic resistors? Give one example and draw a graph to show its 2
current-voltage relationship.

26 The filament of a bulb takes a current 100 mA when potential difference across it is 2
0.2 V. When the potential difference across it becomes 1.0 V, the current becomes
400 mA. Calculate the resistance of filament in each case and account for the
difference.

27 Give two differences between an ohmic and non-ohmic resistor. 2

28 Fig. below shows the I-V characteristic curves for two resistors. Identify the ohmic and 2
non-ohmic resistors. Give a reason for your answer.
29 Draw a V - I graph for a conductor at two different temperatures. What conclusion do 2
you draw from your graph for the variation of resistance of conductor with
temperature?

30 How does the resistance of a wire depend on its radius? Explain your answer. 2

31 Two copper wires are of same length, but one is thicker than the other. Which will 2
have more resistance?

32 How does the resistance of a wire depend on its length? Give a reason of your answer. 2

33 How does the resistance of a metallic wire depend on its temperature? Explain with 2
reason.

34 Two wires, one of copper and other of iron, are of the same length and same radius.
Which will have more resistance? Give reason.

35 Name three factors on which the resistance of a wire depends and state how it is
affected by the factors stated by you?

36 Define the term specific resistance and state its S.I. unit. 2

37 Write an expression connecting the resistance of a wire and specific resistance of its 3
material. State the meaning of symbols used.

38 State the order of specific resistance of (i) a metal, (ii) a semiconductor and (iii) an 3
insulator.

39 (a) Name two factors on which the specific resistance of a wire depends? 3
(b) Two wires A and B are made of copper. The wire A is long and thin while the wire B
is Short and thick. Which will have more specific resistance ?

40 Name a substance of which the specific resistance remains almost unchanged by the 2
increase in temperature.

41 How does specific resistance of a semi-conductor change with the increase in 2

temperature?
42 How does (a) resistance, and (b) specific resistance of a wire depend on its (i) length, 3
and (ii) radius?

43 (a) Name the material used for making the connection wires. Give reason for your 3
answer.
(b) Why should a connection wire be thick?

44 Name a material which is used for making the standard resistor. Give a reason for 2
your answer.

45 Name the material used for making a fuse wire. Give a reason. 2

46 Name the material used for: 2

i. Filament of an electric bulb
ii. Heating element of a room heater

47 Which of the following combinations have the same equivalent resistance between X 2
and Y?

48 The music system draws a current of 400mA when connected to a 12V battery. 2
a. What is the resistance of the music system
b. The music system if left playing for several hours and finally the battery voltage
drops and the music systems stops playing when the current drops to 320mA. At what
battery voltage does the music system stop playing?

49 Two resistors having resistance 4 and 6 are connected in parallel. Find their 2
equivalent resistance.

50 Write the expressions for the equivalent resistance R of three resistors R1, R2 and 3
R3 joined in (a) parallel, (b) series.

51 Four resistors each of resistance 2 ohm are connected in parallel. What is the effective 2
resistance?
52 How would you connect two resistors in series? Draw a diagram. Calculate the total 2
equivalent resistance.

53 You have three resistors of values 2 , 3 and 5 . How will you join them so that 3
the total resistance is less than 1 ? Draw diagram and find the total resistance.

54 Show by a diagram how two resistors R1 and R2 are joined in parallel. Obtain an 3
expression for the total resistance of the combination.

55 Three resistors each of 2 Ω are connected together so that their total resistance is 3
3 W. Draw a diagram to show this arrangement and check it by calculation.

56 State how are the two resistors are joined with a battery in each of the following cases 3
when:
(a) same current flows in each resistor
(b) potential difference is same across each resistor.
(c) equivalent resistance is less than either of the two resistances.
(d) equivalent resistance is more than either of the two resistances.

57 Calculate the equivalent resistance between the points A and B in figure if each 3
resistance is 2.0 Ω .

58 The V-I graph for a series combination and for a parallel combination of two resistors 3
is shown in fig. Which of the two, A or B, represents the parallel combination? Give a
reason for your answer.

59 A combination consists of three resistors in series. Four similar sets are connected in 3
parallel. If the resistance of each resistor is 2 ohm, find the resistance of the
combination.

60 In the circuit shown below in figure, calculate the value of x if the equivalent 3
resistance between A and B is 4 W.
61 Calculate the effective resistance between the points A and B in the circuit shown in 3
Fig.

62 A wire of uniform thickness with a resistance of 27 ohm is cut into three equal pieces 3
and they are joined in parallel. Find the resistance of the parallel combination.

63 A circuit consists of a 1 ohm resistor in series with a parallel arrangement of 6 ohm 3

and 3 ohm resistors. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit. Draw a diagram.

64 Calculate the effective resistance between the points A and B in the network shown 3
below in figure.

65 Calculate the equivalent resistance between the points A and B in the adjacent 3
diagram in the figure.

66 3
In the network shown in adjacent figure, calculate the equivalent resistance between
the points (a) A and B (b) A and C
67 Five resistors, each 3 ohm, are connected as shown in figure . Calculate the resitance 3
(a) between pionts P and Q (b) between points X and Y.

68 A resistor of 6 ohm is connected in series with another resistor of 4 ohm. A potential 3

difference of 20 V is applied across the combination. (a) Calculate the current in the
circuit and (b) potential difference across the 6 ohm resistor.

69 Two resistors of resistance 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel to a cell to draw 0.5 3
A current from the cell.

a. Draw a labeled diagram of the arrangement

b. Calculate current in each resistor.

70 Calculate current flowing through each of the resistors A and B in the circuit shown in 3
figure?

71 In figure, calculate : 3
(a) the total resistance of the circuit.
(b) the value of R, and
(c) the current flowing in R
72 A particular resistance wire has a resistance of 3 ohm per meter. Find : 3
(a) The total resistance of three lengths of this wire each 1.5 m long, in parallel.
(b) The potential difference of the battery which gives a current of 2 A in each of the
1.5 m length when connected in the parallel to the battery (assume that resistance of
the battery is negligible).
(c) The resistance of 5 m length of a wire of the same material, but with twice the area
of cross section.

73 Three resistors of 6.0 ohm, 2.0 ohm and 4.0 ohm are joined to ammeter A and a cell 3
of emf 6.0 V as shown in figure. Calculate :
(a) the efective resistance of the circuit.
(b) the reading of ammeter

74 The diagram below in Fig., shows the arrangement of five different resistances 3
connected to a battery of e.m.f. 1.8 V. Calculate :
a. The total resistance of the circuit
b. The reading of ammeter A.

75 Write an expression for the electrical energy spent in flow of current through an 2
electrical appliance in terms of current, resistance and time.

76 An electric bulb of resistance 500 Ω draws current 0.4 A from the source. Calculate: (a) 2
the power of bulb and (b) the potential difference at its end.
77 Write an expression for the electrical power spent in flow of current through a 2
conductor in terms of (a) resistance and potential difference, (b) current and
resistance.

78 A current of 2 A is passed through a coil of resistance 75 Ω for 2 minutes. (a) How 2

much heat energy is produced? (b) How much charge is passed through the
resistance?

79 Electrical power P is given by the expression 2

(a)What do the symbols Q and V represent?
(b)Express the power P in terms of current and resistance explaining the
meanings of symbols used there in.

80 Calculate the current through a 60 W lamp rated 250 V. If the line voltage falls to 200 2
V, how is power consumed by the bulb affected?

81 Name the S.I. unit of electrical energy. How is it related to Wh? 2

82 An electric bulb is rated '100 W, 250 V'. How much current will the bulb draw if 2
connected to a 250 V supply?

83 Explain the meaning of the statement 'the power of an appliance is 100 W'. 2

84 An electric bulb is rated at 220 V, 100 W. (a) What is its resistance? (b) What safe 2
current can be passed through it?

85 State the S.I. units of electrical power. 2

86 A bulb of 40 W is used for 12.5 h each day for 30 days. Calculate the electrical energy 2
consumed.

87 (i)State and define the household unit of electricity. 3

(ii)What is the voltage of the electricity that is generally supplied to a house?
(iii) What is consumed while using different electrical appliances, for which electricity
bills are paid?

88 An electric iron is rated 750 W, 230 V. Calculate the electrical energy consumed by the 3
iron in 16 hours.

89 Name the physical quantity which is measured in (i) kW, (ii) kWh. (iii) Wh 3

90 An electrical appliance having a resistance of is operated at 220 V. calculate the 2

energy consumed by the appliance in 5 minutes. (i) in joules (ii) in kWh.

91 Define the term kilowatt - hour and state its value in S.I. unit. 2
92 A bulb marked 12 V, 24 W operates on a 12 V battery for 20 minutes. Calculate: 2
(i)The current flowing through it, and
(ii)The energy consumed.

93 Complete the following: 2

(a)

(b)
1 kWh= ________ J

94 A current of 0.2 A flows through a wire whose ends are at a potential difference of 15 2
V. Calculate:
(i)The resistance of the wire, and
(ii)The heat energy produced in 1 minute.

95 What is the resistance, under normal working conditions, of an electric lamp rated at 2
'240 v', 60 W? If two such lamps are connected in series across a 240 V mains supply,
explain why each one appears less bright.

96 What do you mean by power rating of an electrical appliance? How do you use it to
calculate (a) the resistance of the appliance and (b) the safe limit of the current in it,
while in use?

97 Two bulbs are rated 60 W, 220 V and 60 W, 110 V respectively. Calculate the ratio of
their resistances.

98 An electric bulb is marked '100 W, 250 V'. What information does this convey? 2

99 An electric bulb is rated 250 W, 230 V. 2

(i) the energy consumed in one hour, and
(ii) the time in which the bulb will consume 1.0 kWh energy when connected to
230 V mains?

100 List the names of three electrical gadgets used in your house. Write their power, 2
voltage rating and approximate time for which each one is used in a day. Hence find
the electrical energy consumed by each in a month of 30 days.

101 Three heaters each rated 250 W, 100 V are connected in parallel to a 100 V supply. 2
Calculate:
(i)The total current taken from the supply,
(ii)The resistance of each heater, and
(iii)The energy supplied in kWh to the three heaters in 5 hours.

102 Twolamps, one rated 220 V, 50 W and the other rated 220 V, 100 W, are connected in 2
series with mains of 220 V. Explain why does the 50 W lamp consume more power.
103 A bulb is connected to a battery of p.d. 4 V and internal resistance . A steady 2
current of 0.5 A flows through the circuit. Calculate:
(i)The total energy supplied by the battery in 10 minutes,
(ii)The resistance of the bulb, and
(iii)The energy dissipated in the bulb in 10 minutes.

104 Name the factors on which the heat produced in a wire depends when current is 2
passed in it, and state how does it depend on the factors stated by you.

105 Two resistors A and B of and respectively are connected in parallel. The 2
combination is connected across a 6 volt battery of negligible resistance. Calculate: (i)
the power supplied by the battery, (ii) the power dissipated in each resistor.

106 A battery of e.m.f. 15 V and internal resistance is connected to two resistors of 4 2

ohm and 6 ohm joined (a) in series. Find in each case the electrical energy spent per
minute in resistor.

107 Water in an electric kettle connected to a 220 V supply took 5 minutes to reach its 3
boiling point. How long would it have taken if the supply had been of 200 V?

108 An electric toaster draws 8 A current in a 220 V circuit. It is used for 2 h. Find the cost 3
of operating the toaster if the cost of electrical energy is Rs. 4.50 per kWh.

109 An electric iron is rated 220V, 2kW. 3

If the iron is used for 3h daily find the cost of running it for one week if it costs Rs 4.25
per kwh.

110 A geyser is rated 1500 W, 250 V. This geyser is connected to 250 V mains. Calculate: 3
(i)The current drawn,
(ii)The energy consumed in 50 hours, and
(iii)The cost of energy consumed at Rs 4.20 per kWh.

111 (i) Draw a closed circuit diagram consisting of a 0.5 m long nichrome wire XY, an 4
ammeter, a voltmeter, four cells of 1.5 V each and a plug key.
(ii)Following graph was plotted between V and I values :

What would be the values of V /I ratios when the potential difference is 0.8 V, 1.2 V
 and 1.6 V respectively? What conclusion do you draw from these values?

112 Study the following electric circuit and find (i) the current flowing in the circuit and (ii) 4
the potential difference across 10 Ω resistor.

113 Find the current drawn from the battery by the network of four resistors Shown in the
figure.

114 What is meant by electric current? Name and define its SI unit. In a conductor 3
electrons are flowing from B to A. What is the direction of conventional current? Give
justification for your answer.
A steady current of 1 ampere flows through a conductor. Calculate the number of
electrons that flows through any section of the conductor in 1 second. (Charge on
electron 1.6 X 10-19 coulomb).

115 What is meant by electrical resistivity of a material? Derive its S.I. unit. Describe an 3
experiment to study the factor on which the resistance of a conducting wire depends.

116 Write two points of difference between electric energy and electric power. (6) Out of 3
60 W and 40 W lamps, which one has higher electrical resistance when in use.
(c) What is the commercial unit of electric energy? Convert it into joules.
117 State Ohm’s law. Write the necessary conditions for its validity. How is this law 3
verified experimentally? What will be the nature of graph between potential
difference and current for a conductor? Name the physical quantity that can be
obtained from this graph.

118 Define 1 volt. Express it in terms of SI unit of work and charge calculate the amount of 3
 energy consumed in carrying a charge of 1 coulomb through a battery of 3 V.

119 V-I graph for two wires A and B are shown in the figure. If both wires are of same 3
length and same thickness, which of the two is made of a material of high resistivity?
Give justification for your answer.

120 Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in 3
series with a battery (E), a rheostat (Rh), a plug key (K) and an ammeter (A) using
3standard circuit symbol. Use this circuit to show that the same current flows through
e3very part of the circuit. List two precautions you would observe while performing
the experiment.

122 Two wires A and B are of equal length and have equal resistance. If the resistivity of A 3
is more than that of B which wire is thicker and why? For the electric circuit given
below calculate:

(i) Current in each resistor,

(ii) Total current drawn from the battery, and
(iii) Equivalent resistance of the Circuit
14. (a) Define electric power. Express it in terms of potential difference V and
resistance R.
(b) An electrical fuse is rated at 2 A. What is meant by this statement?
(c) An electric iron of 1 kW is operated at 220 V. Find which of the following fuses that
respectively rated at 1 A,3 A and 5 A can be used in it.
123 Write relation between heat energy produced in a conductor when a potential 3
difference V is applied across its terminals and a current I flows through for ‘t’
124 State difference between the wire used in the element of an electric heater and in a 3
fuse wire.
125 The figure below shows three cylindrical copper conductors along with their face 3
areas and lengths. Discuss in which geometrical shape the resistance will be highest.
126 Find the current flowing through the following electric circuit. 3

127 An electric bulb of resistance 200Ω draws a current of 1 Ampere. Calculate the power 3
of the bulb the potential difference at its ends and the energy in kWh consumed
burning it for 5h
128 (a) Calculate the resistance of 1 km long copper wire of radius 1 mm. Resistivity of the 3
copper is 1.72 x 10-8 Ω m.
(b) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of 4 cells of
2V each connected to a key, an ammeter and two resistors of 2 Ω and
3 Ω respectively in series and a voltmeter to measure potential difference across 3
129 When a high resistance voltmeter is connected directly across a resister its reading is 3
2 V. An electric cell is sending the current of 0.4 A, (measured by an ammeter) in the
electric circuit in which a rheostat is also connected to vary the current.
(a) Draw an equivalent labelled circuit for the given data.
(b) Find the resistance of the resister.
(c) Name and state the law applicable in the given case. A graph is drawn between a
set of values of potential difference (V) across the resister and current (I) flowing
through it. Show the nature of graph thus obtained.
130 How much current will an electric bulb draw from 220 V source if the resistance of the 3
bulb is 1200Ω? If in place of bulb, a heater of resistance 100 Ω is connected to the
sources, calculate the current drawn by it.
131 Draw a schematic diagrams of an electric circuit comprising of 3 cells and an electric 3
bulb, ammeter, plug-key in the ON mode and another with same components but
with two bulbs in parallel and a voltmeter across the combination.
132 Out of the two wires X and Y shown below, which one has greater resistance? Justify 3
your answer.

133 Two identical wires one of nichrome and other of copper are connected in series and 3
a current (I) is passed through them. State the change observed in the temperatures
of the two wires. Justify your answer. State the law which explains the above
observation.
134 An electric bulb is rated at 60 W, 240 V. Calculate its resistance. If the voltage drops to 3
192 V, calculate the power consumed and the current drawn by the bulb. (Assume
that the resistance of the bulb remain unchanged.)
135 Three bulbs each having power P are connected in series in an electric circuit. In 3
another circuit, another set of three bulbs of same power are connected in parallel to
the same source.
(i) Will the bulbs in both the circuits glow with the same brightness? Justify your
answer.
(ii) Now let one bulb in each circuit get fused. Will the rest of the bulbs continue to
glow in each circuit? Give reason.
(iii) Representing each bulb by a resistor, draw circuit diagram for each case.
136 (a) Though same current flows through the electric line wires and the filament of bulb, 3
yet only the filament glows. Why?
(b) The temperature of the filament of bulb is 2700°C when it glows. Why does it not
get burnt up at such high temperature?
(c) The filament of an electric lamp, which draws a current of 0.25 A is
used for four hours. Calculate the amount of charge flowing through the
circuit.
(d) An electric iron is rated 2 kW at 220 V. Calculate the capacity of the fuse
that should be used for the electric iron.
137 3

In the given circuit, connect a nichrome wire of length ‘L’ between points X and Y and
3note the ammeter reading.
(i) When this experiment is repeated by inserting another nichrome wire of the same
thickness but twice the length (2L), what changes are observed in the ammeter
reading?
(ii) State the changes that are observed in the ammeter reading if we double the area
of cross-section without changing the length in the above experiment. Justify your
answer in both the cases.
(b) “Potential difference between points A and B in an electric field is 1 V”. Explain the
above statement.
138 A given length of a wire is doubled on itself and this process is repeated once again. 3
By what factor does the resistance of the wire change?
139 A 9Ω resistance is cut into three equal parts and connected in parallel. Find the 3
equivalent resistance of the combination.
140 An electric iron has a rating of 750 W, 220 V. Calculate the (i) current flowing through 3
it, and (ii) its resistance when in use.
141 (a) What do the following circuit symbols represent? 3
 (b) The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 60 V when
it draws a current of 4 A from the source. Find the resistance of heater when in use.
36.The charge possessed by an electron is 1.6 X 10-19 coulombs. Find the number of
electrons that will flow per second to constitute a current of 1 ampere.
142 Explain the role of fuse in series with any electrical appliance in an electric circuit. 3
Why should a fuse with defined rating for an electric circuit not be replaced by one
with a larger rating?
143 The wattage of a bulb is 24 W when it is connected to a 12 V battery. Calculate its 3
effective wattage if it operates on a 6 V battery (Neglect the change in resistance due
to unequal heating of the filament in the two cases).
144 Consider the following circuit diagram. If R1 = R2 =R3 = R4= R5 = 3 Ω, find the equivalent 3
resistance(Rs) of the circuit.

145 A torch bulb is rated 2.5 V and 750 mA. Calculate (i) its power, (ii) its resistance and 3
(iii) the energy consumed, if this bulb is lighted for four hours.
146 Series arrangements are not used for domestic circuits. List any three reasons. 3
147 Name the physical quantity which is (i) same (ii) different in all the bulbs 3
when three bulbs of:
(a) same wattage are connected in series.
(b) same wattage are connected in parallel.
(c) different wattage are connected in series.
(d) different wattage are connected in parallel.
148 Two devices of rating 44 W, 220 V and 11 W, 220 V are connected in series. The 3
combination is connected across a 440 V mains. The fuse of which of the two devices
is likely to burn when the switch is ON? Justify your answer.
149 Five resistors are connected in a circuit as shown. Find the ammeter reading when 3
circuit is closed.
150 Study the circuit shown in which three identical bulbs B1, B2 and B3 are connected in 3
parallel with a battery of 4.5 V.
(i) What will happen to the glow of other two bulbs if the bulb B3 gets fused?
(ii) If the wattage of each bulb is 1.5 W, how much reading will the ammeter A show
when all the three bulbs glow simultaneously?
(iii) Find the total resistance of the circuit.

151 A circuit is shown in the diagram given below. 3

(a) Find the value of R.
(b) Find the reading of the ammeter.
(c) Find the potential difference across the terminals of the battery.

152 In an experiment to study the relation between the potential difference across a 3
resistor and the current through it, a student recorded the following observations:

On examine the above observations, the teacher asked the student to reject one set
of readings as the values were out of agreement with the rest. Which one of the
above sets of readings can be rejected? Calculate the mean value of resistance of the
resistor based on the remaining four sets of readings.
153 Explain with the help of a labelled circuit diagram, how will you find the resistance of 3
a combination of three resistors, of resistance R1, R2 and R3 joined in parallel. Also
mention how will you connect the ammeter and the voltmeter in the circuit while
measuring the current in the circuit and the potential difference across one of the
three resistors of the combination.
154 Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current T flowing for a time 3
interval ‘£’ through a resistor ‘R’ having a potential difference ‘V’ across its ends. With
which name is the relation known? How much heat will an instrument of 12 W
produce in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12 V?
155 Deduce the expression for the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of 3
three resistors R1, R2 and R3
Consider the following electric circuit:

(a) Which two resistors are connected in series?

(b) Which two resistors are connected in parallel?
(c) If every resistor of the circuit is of 2 Ω, what current will flow in the circuit?
156 Two resistors of 10 Ω and 15 Ω are connected in series to a battery of 6 V. How can 3
the values of current passing through them be compared?
157 A wire of resistance 20 Ω is bent to form a closed square. What is the resistance 3
across a diagonal of the square?
158 Draw a schematic diagram of an electric circuit consisting of a battery of five 2 V cells, 3
a 20 Ω resistor, a 30 Ω resistor, a plug key, all connected in series. Calculate the value
of current flowing through the 20 Ω resistor and the power consumed by the 30
Ωresistor.
159 A piece of wire of resistance 20 Ω is drawn out so that its length is increased to twice 3
its original length. Calculate the resistance of the wire in the new Situation.
160 What is an electric circuit? Distinguish between an open and a closed circuit. 2
161 Two resistors with resistances 5Ω and 10 Ω are to be connected to a battery of emf 6 2
V so as to obtain:
(i) minimum current
(ii) maximum current
(a) How will you connect the resistances in each case ?
(b) Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the two cases.
162 (a) Define the term ‘volt’. 2
(b) State the relation between work, charge and potential difference for an electric
circuit.
Calculate the potential difference between the two terminals of a battery if 100 J of
work is required to transfer 20 C of charge from one terminal of the battery to the
other.
163 (a) Define the term ‘coulomb’. 2
 (b) State the relationship between the electric current, the charge moving through a
conductor and the time of flow.
Calculate the charge passing through an electric bulb in 20 minutes if the value of
current is 200 mA.
164 (a) How is the direction of electric current related to the direction of flow of electrons 2
in a wire?
(b) Calculate the current in a circuit if 500 C of charge passes through it in 10 minutes.
165 (a) Two resistors R1and R2 may form (i) a series combination or (ii) a parallel 3
combination, and the combination may be connected to a battery of 6 volts. In which
combination, will the potential difference acrossR1 and across R2 be the same and in
which combination, will the current through R1 and through R2 be the same?
(b) For the circuit shown in this diagram, calculate

(i) the resultant resistance.

(ii) the total current.
(iii) the voltage across 7 Ω resistor.

166 How much work is done in moving a charge of 2 C

from a point of 118 V to a point of 128 V?
(a) 20 J (b) 30 J
(c) 40 J (d) 10 J
167 Two bulbs have the following ratings:
1. 40 W, 220 V
2. 20 W, 100 V
The ratio of their resistance is
(a) 1:2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 1:1 (d) 1 : 3
168 An electric kettle consumes 1 kW of electric power when operated at 220 V. A
fuse wire of what rating must be used for it?
(a) 1 A (b) 2 A
(c) 4 A (d) 5 A
169 A wire of resistance R is cut into ten equal parts which
are then joined in parallel. The new resistance is
(a) 0.01 R (b) 0.1 R
(c) 10 R (d) 100 R
170 A cylindrical rod is reformed to twice its length with no change in its volume. If the
resistance of the rod was R , the new resistance will be
(a) R (b) 2R
(b) (c) 4R (d) 8R

171 Assertion : The connecting wires are made of copper.

 Reason : The electrical conductivity of copper is high
172 Assertion : When the length of a wire is doubled, then its resistance also gets
doubled.
Reason : The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its length.
173 Assertion : The 200 W bulbs glow with more brightness than 100 W bulbs.
Reason : A 100 W bulb has more resistance than 200 W bulb
174 Assertion : The resistivity of conductor increases with the increasing of
temperature.
Reason : The resistivity is the reciprocal of the
conductivity.
175 Assertion : Insulators do not allow flow of current through themselves.
Reason : They have no free-charge carriers.

176 Assertion : The electric bulbs glows immediately when switch is on.
Reason : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire is very high.
177 Assertion : Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating devices, like
electrical iron, toasters etc.
Reason : Alloys do not oxidise (burn) readily at high temperatures
178 Assertion : When the resistances are connected end- to-end consecutively, they
are said to be in series.
Reason : In case the total resistance is to be increased,
then the individual resistances are connected in series.
179 Assertion : Silver is not used to make electric wires.
Reason : Silver is a bad conductor.
180 Assertion : Two resistance having value R each. Their equivalent resistance is R/2.
Reason : Given Resistance is connected in parallel.

CHAPTER-MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

1 2
By using a compass needle describe how you can demonstrate that there is a magnetic
field around a current carrying conductor.
2 2
Draw a diagram showing the three magnetic field lines due to a straight wire carrying
current. Also show the direction of current in the wire.
3 How is magnetic field due to a straight current carrying wire affected if current in wire is 3
(a) decreased, (b) reversed?
4 State a law, which determines the direction of magnetic field around a current carrying 3
wire.
5 A straight wire lying in a horizontal plane carries a current from north to south. 3
(a) What will be the direction of magnetic field at a point just underneath it?
(b) Name the law used to arrive at this answer in part (a).
6 What will happen to a compass needle when the compass is placed below a wire and a 3
current is made to flow SN through the wire? Give reasons to justify your answer.
OR
 Draw a labelled diagram showing the three magnetic field lines of a loop carrying
current. Mark the direction of current and the direction of magnetic field by arrows in
your diagram.
7 A wire, bent into a circle, carries current in an anticlockwise direction. What polarity does 3
this face of the coil exhibit?
8 What is the direction of magnetic field at the centre of coil carrying current in (i) 3
clockwise, (ii) anticlockwise direction?
9 Draw a diagram to represent the magnetic field lines along the axis of a current carrying 3
solenoid. Mark arrows to show the direction of current in the solenoid and the direction
of magnetic field lines.
10 Name and state the rule by which the polarity at the ends of a current carrying solenoid 3
is determined.
11 A current-carrying straight conductor is placed in the east-west direction. What will be 3
the direction of the force experienced by this conductor due to earth’s magnetic field?
How will this force get affected on? (a) reversing the direction of floe of floe of current
(b) doubling the magnitude of current.
12 A straight wire carrying electric current is moving out of plane of paper and is 3
perpendicular to it. What is the direction of induced magnetic field?
13 State two ways by which the magnetic field due to a solenoid can be made stronger. 3
14 Why does a current carrying freely suspended solenoid rest along a particular direction? 3
State the direction in which it rests.
15 3
What effect will there be on a magnetic compass when it is brought near a current
carrying solenoid?
16 3
How is the magnetic field due to a solenoid carrying current affected if a soft iron bar is
introduced inside the solenoid?

17 3
Complete the following sentences:
(a)When current flows in a wire, it creates ________.
(b) On reserving the direction of current in a wire, the magnetic field produced by it gets
_____.
(C)A current carrying solenoid behaves like a _________.
(D)A current carrying solenoid when freely suspended, it always rest in __________
direction.
18 3
You are required to make an electromagnet from a soft iron bar by using a cell, an
insulated coil of copper and a switch. (a) Draw a circuit diagram to represent the process.
(b) Label the poles of the electromagnet.
19 3
The diagram in shows a coil wound around a soft iron bar XY. (a) State the polarity at the
end X and Y as the switch is pressed. (b)Suggest one way of increasing the strength of
electromagnet so formed.
20 3
(a) What name is given to a cylindrical coil of diameter less than its length?
(b) If a piece of soft iron is placed inside the coil mentioned in part (a) and current is
passed in the coil from a battery, what name is then given to the device so obtained?
(c) Give one use of the device mentioned in part (b).
21 3
Show with the aid of the diagram how a wire is wound on a U-shaped piece of soft iron in
order to make it an electromagnet. Complete the circuit diagram and label the poles of
the electromagnet.
22 3
What is an electromagnet? Name two factors on which the strength of magnetic field of
an electromagnet depends and state how does it depend on the factors stated by you.
23 3
Figure shows the current flowing in the coil of wire wound around the soft iron horse
shoe core. (a) State the polarities developed at the ends A and B.
(b) How will the polarity at the ends A and B change on reversing the direction of
current.

(c) Suggest one way increase the strength of magnetic filed produce.

24 State two ways through which the strength of an electromagnet can be increased. 3
25 State two advantages of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet. 3
26 State two differences between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet. 3
27 Why is soft iron used as the core of the electromagnet in an electric bell? 3
28 Name the material used for making the armature of an electric bell. Give a reason for 3
your answer.
29 Name three factors on which the magnitude of force on a current carrying conductor 3
placed in a magnetic field depends and state how does the force depend on the factors
stated by you.
30 State condition when magnitude of force on a current carrying conductor placed in a 3
magnetic field is (a) zero,(b) maximum
31 How will the direction of force be changed, if the current is reversed in the conductor 3
placed in a magnetic field?
32 Name and state the law which is used to determine the direction of force on a current 3
carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field.
33 Electric appliances like electric -press, toaster, fans etc are connected to electric mains 3
through three-pin plug. Why?
34 State the direction of magnetic field in the following case. 3

35 A current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field. Now answer the following. 3
(i) List the factors on which the magnitude of force experienced by conductor depends.
(ii) When is the magnitude of this force maximum?
(iii) State the rule which helps, in finding the direction of motion of conductor.
(iv) If initially this force was acting from right to left, how will the direction of force
change if:
(a) direction of magnetic field is reversed?
(b) direction of current is reversed?
36 State whether an alpha particle will experience any force in a magnetic field if (alpha 3
particles are positively charged particles)
(i) it is placed in the field at rest.
(ii) it moves in the magnetic field parallel to field lines.
(iii) it moves in the magnetic field perpendicular to field lines.
Justify your answer in each case.
37 Describe an activity with labelled diagram to show that a force acts on current carrying 3
conductor placed in a magnetic field and its direction of current through conductor.
Name the rule which determines the direction of this force.
38 Mention and explain the function of an earth wire. Why it is necessary to earth metallic 3
appliances?
39 Give reason for the following : 3
The burnt out fuse should be replaced by another fuse of identical rating.
40 Give reasons for the following: 3
(a) It is dangerous to touch the live wire of the main supply rather than neutral wire.
(b) In household circuit, parallel combination of resistances is used.
(c) Using fuse in a household electric circuit is important.
41 (a) Fuse acts like a watchman in an electric circuit. Justify this statement. 3
(b) Mention the usual current rating of the fuse wire in the line to (i) lights and fans (ii)
appliance of 2 kW or more power.
42 (a) Name two safety measures commonly used in an electric circuit and appliances. 3
(b) What precaution should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric
circuits?
43 (a) Draw a schematic diagram of a common domestic circuit showing provision of 3
(i) Earth wire, (ii) Main fuse
(iii) Electricity meter and
(iv) Distribution box.
 (b) Distinguish between short circuiting and overloading.
44 Mention the angle between a current carrying conductor and magnetic field for which 3
the force experienced by this current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field is
largest?
45 (a) Shruti draws magnetic field lines close to the axis of a current carrying circular loop. 3
As she moves away from the centre of circular loop, she observes that the lines keep on
diverging. Explain the reason for her observation.
(b) Write two properties of magnetic field lines.
46 (a) Describe an activity to show with the help of a compass that magnetic field is 3
strongest near poles of a bar magnet.
(b) Mention the direction of magnetic field lines (i) inside a bar magnet and (ii) outside a
bar magnet.
47 Describe an activity to show that the magnetic field lines produced when current is 3
passed through the circular coil.

48 What is meant by solenoid? How does a current carrying solenoid behave? Give its main 3
use.

49 (a) Describe activity with labelled diagram to show that a current carrying 3
conductor experience a force in a magnetic field.
(b) State the rule to determine the direction of force.
50 Why and when does a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experience 3
force? List the factors on which direction of this force depends?
How is the strength of magnetic field near a straight current-conductor
(i) related to the strength of current in the conductor?
(ii) is affected by changing the direction of flow of current in the conductor?
51 3. The magnetic field associated with a current carrying straight 3
conductor is in anticlockwise direction. If the conductor was held along
the east-west direction, what will be the direction of current through it?
Name and state the rule applied to determine the direction of current.
52 3
53 State the consequences that can lead to a short circuit.Or 3
One of the major cause of fire in office building is short circuiting. List three factors which
may lead to the short circuit.
54 (a) Describe an activity to demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field lines around a 3
straight conductor carrying current.
(b) State the rule to find the direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying
conductor.
(c) What is the shape of a current carrying conductor whose magnetic field
pattern resembles that of a bar-magnet ?
55 (a) Explain why there are two separate circuits one for high power rating appliances and 3
other for low power rating appliances.
(b) A domestic circuit has 5A fuse. How many bulbs of rating 100W, 220V can be safely
used in this circuit? Justify your answer.
56 (i) Design an activity with the help of two nails, very thin aluminium strip, a 12 V Battery 3
and a key to illustrates.
 (ii) Cable of a microwave oven has three wires inside it which have insulation of different
colours black, green and red. Mention the significance of the three colours and potential
difference between red and black one.
57 Explain any two situations that can cause electrical hazards in domestic circuits. 3
58 Give one difference between the wires used in the element of an electric heater and in a 3
fuse.
59 The diagram shows a beam of electrons about to enter a magnetic field. The direction of 3
the
field is into the page. What will be the direction of deflection, if any, as the beam passes
through the field?

60 State the direction of magnetic field in the following case. 3

61 A positively charged particle (alpha-particle) projected towards west is deflected towards 3

north by a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic field is
(a) towards north (b) towards east
(c) downward (d) upward
62 The given magnet is divided into three parts A, B, and C. 3

Name the parts where the strength of the magnetic field is: (i) maximum (ii) minimum.
How will the density of magnetic field lines differ at these parts?
63 A compass needle is placed near a current-carrying wire. State your observation for the 3
following cases, and give reason for the same in each case.
(a) Magnitude of electric current in the wire is increased.
(b) The compass needle is displaced away from the wire.
64 (a) Two magnets are lying side by side as shown below. 3
Draw magnetic field line between poles P and Q.

(b) What does the degree of closeness of magnetic field lines near the poles signify?
65 Magnetic field lines of two magnets are shown in fig. A and fig. B. 3

Select the figure that represents the correct pattern of field lines. Give reasons for your
answer. Also name the poles of the magnets facing each other.
66 Write one application of each of the following: 3
(a) Right-hand thumb rule (b) Fleming’s left hand rule
67 How can you show that the magnetic field produced by a given electric current in the 3
wire decreases as the distance from the wire increases?
68 Observe the figure given below and answer the following questions: 3
(a) Write the special name given to the coil AB which has many circular turns of insulated
copper wire.

(b) State the nature of magnetic field inside AB when a current is passed through it.
(c) Redraw the diagram and sketch the pattern of magnetic field lines through and
around AB.
(d) List two factors on which the strength of the magnetic field produced by AB depends.
(e) What is the effect of placing an iron core in the coil AB?

69 Identify the poles of the magnet in the given figure (1) and (2). 3

70 The magnetic field associated with a current-carrying straight conductor is in 3

anticlockwise direction. If the conductor was held along the east-west direction, what
will be the direction of current through it? Name and state the rule applied to determine
the direction of current.
71 Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is 3
changed, will some current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.
72 How will the magnetic field produced at a point due to a current-carrying circular coil 3
change if we:
(i) increase the current flowing through the coil?
(ii) reverse direction of current through the coil?
(iii) increase the number of turns in the coil?
73 a) Mention the factors on which the direction of force experienced by a 3
current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field depend.
(b) Under what condition is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed
in a magnetic field maximum?
(c) A proton beam is moving along the direction of a magnetic field. What force is acting
on proton beam?
74 A current carrying straight wire held perpendicular to the plane of paper and current 3
passes through this conductor in the vertically upward direction. What is the direction of
magnetic field produced around it?
75 State the rule to determine the direction of a 3
(a) magnetic field produced around a straight conductor carrying current,
(b) force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field
which is perpendicular to it.
76 a) Describe an activity to demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field lines around a 3
straight conductor carrying current.
(b) State the rule to find the direction of magnetic field associated with a current-
carrying conductor.
(c) What is the shape of a current-carrying conductor whose magnetic field pattern
resembles that of a bar-magnet?
77 (a) Draw a diagram to represent a uniform magnetic field in a given region. 3
(b) List two properties of magnetic field lines.
78 An electron beam is moving vertically upwards. If it passes through a magnetic field 3
which
is directed from south to north in a horizontal plane, then in which direction will the
beam
deflect?
79 An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220.V) 3
that has a current rating of 5 A. What result do you expect? Explain.
80 Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the paper. Let the current 3
pass through the loop clockwise. With the help of a diagram, explain how the direction of
the magnetic field can be determined inside and outside the loop. Name the law used to
find the direction of magnetic field.

81 Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long straight wire?
(a) The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire.
(b) The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire.
(c) The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire.
(d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire.

82 Magnetic field due to a current through a straight conductor depends on

(e) current
(f) distance from the wire
(g) Both (a) and (b)
(h) cross-sectional area of wire

83 A positively-charged particle (alpha-particle) project- ed towards west is

deflected towards north by a mag- netic field. The direction of magnetic field is
(i) towards south (b) towards east
(c) downward (d) upward

84 Which of the following statement is not correct about two parallel conductors carrying
equal currents in the same direction?
(j) Each of the conductors will repel each other.
 (k) The two conductors will repel each other.
(l) The are concentric lines of force around each conductor
(m) Each of the conductors will move if not prevented from doing so

85 Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field depends on

(n) direction of the current
(o) direction of magnetic field
(p) Both (a) and (b)
(q) length of the wire

86 Assertion : Safety fuses are made up of materials having a low melting point.
Reason : Safety fuses should be resistant to electric current.

87 Assertion : On freely suspending a current - carrying solenoid, it comes to rest in N-S

direction just like a bar magnet.
Reason : One end of current carrying straight solenoid behaves as a North pole and the
other end as a South pole.

88 Assertion : Copper is used to make electric wires.

Reason : Copper has very low electrical resistance.
89 Assertion : A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. The deflection of the
compass needle decreases when the magnitude of an electric current in the wire is
increased.
Reason : Strength of a magnetic field at a point near the conductor increases on
increasing the current.

90 Assertion : The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is independent

of its length and cross-section area.
Reason : The magnetic field inside the solenoid is uniform.

91 Assertion : An induced e.m.f. appears in any coil in which the current is changing.
Reason : Self induction phenomenon obeys Faraday’s law of induction.

92 Assertion : In a conductor, free electrons keep on moving but no magnetic force acts on
a conductor in a magnetic field.
Reason : Force on free electrons due to magnetic field always acts perpendicular to its
direction of motion.
93 Assertion : Force experienced by moving charge will be maximum if direction of
velocity of charge is perpendicular to applied magnetic field.
Reason : Force on moving charge is independent of direction of applied magnetic field.

94 Assertion : A current carrying conductor experiences a force in a magnetic field.

Reason : The force acting on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field is due to
interaction between magnetic field produced by the current carrying conductor and
external magnetic field in which the conductor is placed.

95 Assertion : No net force acts on a rectangular coil carrying a steady current when
 suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field.
Reason : Force on coil in magnetic field is always non- zero.

96 A charged particle enters at right angle into a uniform magnetic field as shown. What
should be the nature of charge on the particle if it begins to move in a direction pointing
vertically out of the page due to its interaction with the magnetic field?

97 State the direction of magnetic field in the following case.

98 State the direction of magnetic field in the following case.

99 The diagram shows a coil of wire wound on a soft iron core forming an electromagnet. A
current is passed through the coil in the direction indicated by the arrows. Mark the N
and
S poles produced in the iron core.
100 If the circular coil has n turns, the field produced is n times as large as that produced by a
single turn. Justify it.