IMMUNOLOGY and SEROLOGY REVIEW QUESTIONS

d. Do not bind to infected cells

HARR – Basic Principles of Immunology

1.) From the following, identify a specific component of

the adaptive immune system that is formed in
response to antigenic stimulation:
a. Lysozyme
b. Complement
c. Commensal organisms
d. Immunoglobulin 9.) What is the name of the process by which phagocytic
cells are attracted to a substance such as a bacterial
2.) Which two organs are considered the primary peptide?
lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells a. Diapedesis
originate and mature? b. Degranulation
a. Thyroid and Peyer’s patches c. Chemotaxis
b. Thymus and bone marrow d. Phagotaxis
c. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid
tissue (MALT) 10.) All of the following are immunologic functions of
d. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct complement except:
a. Induction of an antiviral state
3.) What type of B cells are formed after antigen b. Opsonization
stimulation? c. Chemotaxis
a. Plasma cells and memory B cells d. Anaphylatoxin formation
b. Mature B cells
c. Antigen-dependent B cells 11.) Which complement component is found in both the
d. Receptor-activated B cells classic and alternative pathways?
a. C1
4.) T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for b. C4
maturation. What is the correct order of the c. Factor D
maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus? d. C3
a. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic
education, released back to peripheral 12.) Which immunoglobulin(s) help(s) initiate the classic
circulation complement pathway?
b. Maturation and selection occur in the a. IgA and IgD
cortex; migration to the medulla; release of b. IgM only
mature T cells to secondary lymphoid c. IgG and IgM
organs d. IgG only
c. Storage in either the cortex or medulla;
release of T cells into the peripheral 13.) How is complement activity destroyed in vitro?
circulation a. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min
d. Activation and selection occur in the b. Keeping serum at room temperature of 22°C
medulla; mature T cells are stored in the for 1 hour
cortex until activated by antigen c. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 min
d. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24 hours
5.) Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker appears
during the first stage of T-cell development and 14.) What is the purpose of C3a, C4a, and C5a, the split
remains present as an identifying marker for T cells? products of the complement cascade?
a. CD1 a. To bind with specific membrane receptors of
b. CD2 lymphocytes and cause release of cytotoxic
c. CD3 substances
d. CD4 or CD8 b. To cause increased vascular permeability,
contraction of smooth muscle, and release
6.) Which markers are found on mature, peripheral of histamine from basophils
helper T cells? c. To bind with membrane receptors of
a. CD1, CD2, CD4 macrophages to facilitate phagocytosis and
b. CD2, CD3, CD8 the removal of debris and foreign
c. CD1, CD3, CD4 substances
d. CD2, CD3, CD4 d. To regulate and degrade membrane cofactor
protein after activation by C3 convertase
7.) Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and acts
specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells? 15.) Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule can
a. Helper T bind antigen?
b. T suppressor a. Fab
c. T cytotoxic b. Fc
d. T inducer/suppressor c. CL
d. CH
8.) How are cytotoxic T cells (TC cells) and natural killer
(NK) cells similar? 16.) Which region determines whether an immunoglobulin
a. Require antibody to be present molecule can fix complement?
b. Effective against virally infected cells a. VH
c. Recognize antigen in association with HLA b. CH
class II markers c. VL

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 d. CL b. MHC protein, a two-chain molecule encoded
by the HLA region
17.) Which immunoglobulin class(es) has (have) a J chain? c. CD3, consisting of six different chains
a. IgM d. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and
b. IgE and IgD beta
c. IgM and sIgA
d. IgG3 and IgA 27.) The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to
immunoglobulin molecules in that it:
a. Remains bound to the cell surface and is
never secreted
b. Contains V and C regions on each of its
18.) Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary chains
immune response? c. Binds complement
a. IgG d. Can cross the placenta and provide
b. IgM protection to a fetus
c. IgA
d. IgE

19.) Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in the

secondary response?
a. IgG 28.) Toll-like receptors are found on which cells?
b. IgM a. T cells
c. IgA b. Dendritic cells
d. IgE c. B cells
d. Large granular lymphocytes
20.) Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
a. IgG 29.) Macrophages produce which of the following proteins
b. IgM during antigen processing?
c. IgA a. IL-1 and IL-6
d. IgE b. γ-Interferon
c. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10
21.) Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to d. Complement components C1 and C3
release histamine?
a. IgG 30.) A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-
b. IgM 1 (TSST-1), bypasses the normal antigen processing
c. IgA stage by binding to and cross linking:
d. IgE a. A portion of an immunoglobulin molecule
and complement component C1
22.) All of the following are functions of immunoglobulins b. Toll-like receptors and an MHC class 1
except: molecule
a. Neutralizing toxic substances c. A portion of an immunoglobulin and a
b. Facilitating phagocytosis through portion of a T-cell receptor
opsonization d. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC
c. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses class II molecule
d. Combining with complement to destroy
cellular antigens 31.) T regulator cells, responsible for controlling
autoimmune antibody production, express which of
23.) Which of the following cell surface molecules is the following phenotypes?
classified as an MHC class II antigen? a. CD3, CD4, CD8
a. HLA-A b. CD3, CD8, CD25
b. HLA-B c. CD3, CD4, CD25
c. HLA-C d. CD8, CD25, CD56
d. HLA-DR

24.) Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for antigen HARR – Immunologic Procedures
recognition by CD4-positive T cells?
a. Class I 1.)
b. Class II
c. Class III
d. No MHC molecule is necessary for antigen
recognition

25.) Which of the following are products of HLA class III

genes?
a. T-cell immune receptors
b. HLA-D antigens on immune cells
c. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B
d. Immunoglobulin VL regions

26.) What molecule on the surface of most T cells

recognizes antigen?
a. IgT, a four-chain molecule that includes the
tau heavy chain

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REFERENCES:

 Success in Clinical Laboratory Science by Ciulla

 Medical Laboratory Science Review by Harr
 Elsevier’s Medical Laboratory Science Examination
Review

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