Logarithm

EXERCISE–I
 ab  (ab) 2  4(a  b)   2 
Q.1 Let A denotes the value of log10   + log  ab  (ab)  4(a  b) 
10 
 2  2 
   
when a = 43 and b = 57
and B denotes the value of the expression 2log6 18 · 3log6 3 .
  
Find the value of (A · B).
Q.2(a) If x = log34 and y = log53, find the value of log310 and log3(1.2) in terms of x and y.
2
log2 5
(b) If k = 16, find the value of k (log2 5) .

Q.3 Solve for x:

(a) If log10 (x2  12x + 36) = 2
(b) 91+logx  31+logx  210 = 0 ; where base of log is 3.

log b log b N 
log b a
Q.4 Simplify: (a) log1/3 4 729.3 9 1.27 4 / 3 ; (b) a

Q.5 Solve for x:

(a) If log4 log3 log2 x = 0 ; (b) If loge log5 [ 2 x  2  3] = 0
Q.6 Let a and b be real numbers greater than 1 for which there exists a positive real number c, different
from 1, such that
2(logac + logbc) = 9logabc. Find the largest possible value of logab.
Q.7 Find the square of the sum of the roots of the equation
log3x · log4x · log5x = log3x · log4x + log4x · log5x + log5x · log3x.

2 3
Q.8 Find the value of the expression  .
log 4 (2000) 6 log5 (2000) 6

Q.9 Simplify the following:

1 3
log 9 log 3
5log 3 6 6log8  3 2  81 5
3 6
 2

(a) 4 4 2
(b) .  7
log 25 7
125log 25 6 
409  
log1 / 5 12
 log 4 1 1log 7 2   log 5 4
(c) 5 log1 / 2 . (d) 49 +5
2 7 3 10 2 21

2 2
Q.10 Find 'x' satisfying the equation 4log10 x 1 – 6log10 x – 2.3log10 x = 0.

Plot No. R-4, Opposite Railway Track, Zone-2, MP Nagar, Bhopal

 2 a 2 b5
Q.11 Given that log2a = s, log4b = s2 and log 2 (8) = 3 . Write log2 4 as a function of 's'
c s 1 c
(a, b, c > 0, c  1).

Q.12 Given that log2 3 = a , log3 5 = b, log7 2 = c, express the logarithm of the number 63 to the base
140 in terms of a, b & c.

log 2 24 log 2192

Q.13 Prove that  = 3.
log 96 2 log12 2

log3 7 log7 11 log11 25

Q.14 If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a = 27 ; b = 49 and c = 11 . Find the
(log 7 ) 2 (log 11) 2 (log 25) 2 
value of  a 3  b 7  c 11 .
 

Q.15 (a) log (log x) + log (log x3  2) = 0 ; where base of log is 10 everywhere.
(b) logx2 . log2x2 = log4x2
(c) 5logx + 5 xlog5 = 3 (a > 0) ; where base of log is a.
(d) xlogx+4 = 32, where base of logarithm is 2.

Q.16 Solve the system of equations:

log a x log a ( xyz )  48
log a y log a ( xyz )  12 , a > 0, a  1.
log a z log a ( xyz )  84

Q.17 Let y = log 2 3 · log 2 12 · log 2 48 · log 2 192  16 – log212 · log248 + 10. Find y  N.

Q.18 Column-I Column-II

(A) The expression x  log 2 log9 6  6  6  .....  simplifies to (P) an integer

(B) The number N = 2

log 2 3· log 3 4 · log 4 5.........· log99 100  simplifies to (Q) a prime
1 1 1
(C) The expression   simplifies to (R) a natural
log 5 3 log 6 3 log10 3

(D) The number N = 2  5  6  3 5  14  6 5 simplifies to (S) a composite

Plot No. R-4, Opposite Railway Track, Zone-2, MP Nagar, Bhopal

Q.19 Column-I Column-II
(A) For positive real numbers a (a > 1), let pa and qa (P) 3
be the maximum and minimum values, respectively, of
1
loga(x) for a  x  2a. If pa – qa = , then the value of a is (Q) 4
2
1023
 1
(B)  log 2 1  n  is equal to (R) 6
n 1

 
(C) If A = log  3 3 3 3  , then the value of log 8A  1 is equal to (S) 8
3  2
 
(D) The value of expression (T) 10
log 27 8 log32 243 log625 81 log9 25 log 2 9
3 2 5 3 + 2  3log 4 25  5log 4 9 , is

Q.20 Column-I Column-II

(A) The value(s) of x, which does not satisfy the equation (P) 2
log22 (x2 – x) – 4 log2(x – 1) log2x = 1, is (are)
(B) The value of x satisfying the equation (Q) 3
log 7 10 log10 ( 8 x  3)
ln 5log5 7
2log2 e = 13, is (R) 4

 1 1 
(C) The number N =  log   log   is less than (S) 5
 2 6 

log 65 5
(D) Let l = (log34 + log29)2 – (log34 – log29)2 and m = (0.8) 1  9log3 8   (T) 6
then (l + m) is divisible by

EXERCISE–II
Note : From Q.1 to Q.5, solve the equation for x:
Q.1 logx+1 (x² + x  6)2 = 4
Q.2 x + log10(1 + 2x) = x . log105 + log106.
Q.3 5logx – 3logx-1 = 3logx+1 – 5logx-1, where the base of logarithm is 10.
Q.4 log5 120 + (x  3)  2 . log5 (1  5x-3) =  log5(0.2  5x-4)
 1 
Q.5 log 4 + 1   log 3 = log x 3  27  .
 2x 
x
Q.6 If 'x' and 'y' are real numbers such that, 2 log(2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find .
y

Q.7 The real x and y satisfy log8x + log4y2 = 5 and log8y + log4x2 = 7, find xy.

Q.8 If a = log1218 & b = log2454 then find the value of ab + 5 (a  b).

9
(log9 x ) 2  log x 5
Q.9 Find the sum of all solutions of the equation 3 2 9
3 3.

Logarithm [5]
Plot No. R-4, Opposite Railway Track, Zone-2, MP Nagar, Bhopal
 EXERSICE-II

Note : From Q.1 to Q.5, solve the equation for x:

Q.1 logx + 1 (x² + x – 6)2 = 4
Q.2  
x  log10 1  2x  x.log10 5  log10 6.

Q.3 5log x  3log x 1  3log x 1  5log x 1 , where the base of logarithm is 10.
Q.4   
log5 120   x  3  2.log5 1  5x 3   log5 0.2  5x 4 
x
Q.5 If 'x' and 'y' are real numbers such that, 2 log (2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find .
y
Q.6 The real x and y satisfy log8 x  log 4 y2  5 and log8 y  log4 x 2  7 , find xy.
9
(log9 x)2  log9 x  5
Q.7 Find the sum of all solutions of the equation 3 2 3 3.
Q.8 Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz = 1081 and  log10 x log10 yz   log10 y log10 z  468 .

Find the value of  log10 x   log10 y   log10 z .

2 2

Q.9 (a) Given : log1034.56 = 1.5386, find log103.456 ; log100.3456 & log100.003456.
(b) Find the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 3, when the base of the
logarithm is 7.
(c) If log102 = 0.3010 & log103 = 0.4771, find the value of log10(2.25).
(d) Find the antilogarithm of 0.75, if the base of the logarithm is 2401.

Q.10 If log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771. Find the number of integers in :

(a) 5200 (b) 615 & (c) the number of zeros after the decimal in 3-100.

Q.11 Find the real solutions to the system of equations

log10  200xy   log10 x.log10 y  4
log10  2yz   log10 y.log10 z  1
and log10  zx   log10 z.log10 x  0

Q.12 If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the solution of the system of equation
log 225  x   log 64  y   4
log x  225  log y  64  1,
then find the value of log30(x1 y1x2 y2).

Q.13 Solve : log3  x  

x  1  log9 4 x  3  4 x  1 
 1  1
Q.14 Solve for x: log 2  4  x   log  4  x  .log  x    2 log 2  x    0.
 2  2
3
log 4  x  2  3  log 4  4  x   log 4  6  x  .
2 3 3
Q.15 Solve the equation
2

Plot No. R-4, Opposite Railway Track, Zone-2, MP Nagar, Bhopal

 EXERCISE-III

Q.1 Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations

 2x ln 2   3yln 3
3ln x  2ln y.
Then x0 is
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
6 3 2
[JEE 2011, 3]

 
1 1 1 1
Q.2 The value of 6  log 3  4 4 4 ..... is [JEE 2012, 4]
2
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 

Plot No. R-4, Opposite Railway Track, Zone-2, MP Nagar, Bhopal

 ANSWER SHEET
LOGARITHM
EXERCISE-I

xy  2 xy  2y  2
Q.1 12 Q.2 (a) , ; (b) 625 Q.3 (a) x = 16 or x = 4 (b) x = 5
2y 2y
Q.4 (a) 1 (b) logbN Q.5 (a) 8 (b) x = 3 Q.6 2 Q.7 3721 Q.8 1/6
25 1 1  2ac
Q.9 (a) 9, (b)1, (c) 6, (d) Q.10 x = Q.11 2s + 10s2 – 3 (s3 + 1) Q.12 Q.14 469
2 100 2c  abc  1
Q.15 (a) x=10 (b) 2 2
or 2 2 (c) x = 2  log a where base of log is 5, (d) x = 2 or 1/32

Q.16    1 1 1
a 4 , a, a 7 or  4 , , 7 
a a a 
Q.17 y = 6 Q.18 (A) P, (B) P, R, S, (C) P, R, (D) P, Q, R

Q.19 (A) Q; (B) T ; (C) S; (D) P Q.20 (A) Q, R, S, T; (B) P; (C) Q, R, S, T; (D) P, R, S

EXERCISE-II

Q.1 x = 1 Q.2 x = 1 Q.3 x = 100 Q.4 x = 1 Q.5 4/9 Q.6 xy = 29 Q.7 2196
Q.8 5625 Q.9 (a) 0.5386; 1.5386;3.5386 (b) 2058 (c) 0.3522 (d) 343 Q.10 (a) 140 (b) 12 (c) 47
Q.11 x = 1, y = 5, z = 1 or x =100, y =20, z =100 Q.12 12 Q.13 [0, 1] {4}
 7 3  24 
Q.14 0, ,  Q.15 x = 2 or 1  3
 4 2 

EXERCISE-III
Q.1 C Q.2 4

Plot No. R-4, Opposite Railway Track, Zone-2, MP Nagar, Bhopal