Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

«Казанский государственный медицинский университет»

Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

Экзаменационный билет №1
по иностранному языку (английский язык)

I. Vocabulary and Grammar. Choose the option which best completes each of the following sentences.

1. “Pass the sugar, will you?” “ _________________ .”

a. Please
b. Here you are
c. Help yourself to it
d. Help yourself

2. The weather wasn’t _________________ to go for a walk so they decided to stay at home.
a. too good
b. good enough
c. so good
d. not good

3. We are _______ into our new flat next month.

a. arriving
b. entering
c. moving
d. going

4. John _______ every day after school.

a. gets riding
b. goes on a bike
c. goes cycling
d. rides

5. Could you buy _________ bread on the way home?

a. a
b. any
c. some
d. plenty

6. It’s important to understand how other cultures behave so you don’t cause _______.
a. offence
b. problem
c. disaster
d. behaviour

7. In some countries it is quite ________to use the correct title when talking to business colleagues.
a. offensive
b. likely
c. formal
d. tricky

8. Having good _________ may help you to make deals more easily.
a. entertaining
b. manners
c. demonstrations
d. handshaking

9. If someone looks me straight in the eye without ________ I tend to think they are honest.

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 a. yawning
b. sighing
c. blinking
d. sniffing

10. Your body _______ usually gives other people information about how you really feel.
a. appearance
b. impression
c. language
d. relationship

11. As long as _______ have needs that need to be represented they’ll need trade unions.
a. employees
b. employers
c. managers
d. partners

12. Market leaders usually want to ______ their market share even further, or at least to protect their current
market share.
a. decrease
b. dominate
c. increase
d. establish

13. We haven’t had ______ news from our agent.

a. some
b. any
c. no
d. none

14. A recent survey identified the UK as ________ place in Europe to buy a car.
a. most expensive
b. the more expensive
c. more expensive
d. the most expensive

15. You ________ fly to Dover – there isn’t an airport.

a. may
b. can
c. may not
d. cannot

16. He will _____ medical studies next year.

a. finish his
b. finishes the
c. finish him
d. finishes his

17. That teacher ______ at the university since 1990.

a. teaches
b. taught
c. has taught
d. is taught

18. When the woman was injured, an ambulance _____ to the hospital.
a. takes her
b. took her
c. takes him
d. took him

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19. Water ______ oxygen and hydrogen.
a. compose
b. composed of
c. are composed of
d. is composed of

20. When ______ penicillin?

a. was discovered
b. did Fleming discover
c. has been discovered
d. Fleming discover

21. Dr. Smith’s ______ is children’s disease.

a. prescription
b. specialty
c. notation
d. identification

22. Waste products are _____ from the human body.

a. stored
b. eliminated
c. secreted
d. distilled

23. What do experts forecast?

a. deny
b. declare
c. prefer
d. predict

24. Oil ____ friction between moving parts so they can move more easily.
a. permits
b. reduces
c. releases
d. protects

25. Ali failed the English test three times, but he studied hard and _____ he passed.
a. meanwhile
b. because
c. eventually
d. until

26. The doctor said that the woman would get well soon because her illness was not ____
a. heavy
b. serious
c. difficult
d. hard

27. The tissues, organs, and systems of the body ______ the living organism.
a. consist of
b. constitute
c. contain
d. include

28. Dry cloth and paper will _____ water.

a. absorb
b. suck
c. release
d. regulate

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 29. The _____ by which plants make food is called photosynthesis.
a. change
b. process
c. device
d. quality

30. My mother bought ______.

a. for me some new clothes
b. some new clothes me
c. me some new clothes
d. for some new clothes for me

II. Reading. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow

ALEXANDER FLEMING AND THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN

[1] Alexander Fleming was born on a farm in Scotland in 1881. When he was 13, he went to live with his brother,
who was a doctor in London. Because his family was poor, he had to work in an office for five years, but he did
not stop studying. Finally, when he was 21, he had enough money to become a student in the medical school of
St. Mary’s Hospital, a part of London University.

[2] One of Fleming’s teachers at St. Mary’s was Sir Almroth Wright, who was a famous bacteriologist. He
discovered a lot of information about how the blood protects the body from bacteria. He also developed a vaccine
that prevented people from getting typhoid fever. This vaccine saved the lives of thousands of people. Wright
passed his knowledge and interest in bacteria and disease to his student, Fleming.

[3] During World War I, Fleming worked as an army doctor in France. He saw a large number of men die because
of their wounds. In most cases, the wounds did not kill men directly. Instead, the wounds allowed large numbers
of bacteria to enter the bodies of the wounded men. These bacteria caused infection and the infection killed the
men.

[4] After the war, Dr. Fleming specialized in bacteriology, and in 1924 he replaced his former teacher, Sir
Almroth Wright as a professor of bacteriology at St. Mary’s Hospital in London. He continued Wright’s research.
In particular, he was looking for substances which would directly attack harmful bacteria without harming the
body itself.

[5] In 1928 he was studying the bacteria that caused a painful skin disease. In order to find out how to deal with
these germs, he was growing them on small plates. One day he noticed a small area of mould on one of these
dishes. Mould is a common tiny plant-like substance, called fungus, which often grows on old bread or fruit.
Fleming thought that the mould had destroyed his experiment and he would have to throw it away. However,
because he was a trained scientist, he looked at the mould under a microscope. It was the very common mould,
Penicillium notatum. Fleming noticed that the bacteria all around the mould were dead. Because of his trained
scientific mind, he began to ask questions. Fleming put some of the mould with more bacteria of the same kind.
The germs were destroyed. He tried it on bacteria of other kinds. It stopped the growth of many other germs. He
seemed to have discovered a powerful substance that could kill disease-causing bacteria.

[6] There were many more questions still to be answered, however. What was the substance in Penicillium
notatum that killed germs? Was it possible to isolate it, to prepare it as a separate substance? Would it harm the
body or any part of it?

[7] For years, Fleming continued his experiments. He found that the substance killed many different kinds of
disease-causing bacteria. He was also able to isolate it and he called it penicillin. However, the substance was
very hard to control. Fleming was not able to produce it in such a way that it always had the same effects. It was
not until 1940 that two biochemists were able to produce penicillin as a powder with an unchanging character.
Soon after this, penicillin began to be used by doctors around the world and it immediately began to save
thousands of lives. Penicillin also showed the way to the discovery of many other antibiotics which can kill most
of the bacteria which can cause disease.

31. Why didn’t Fleming enter medical school until he was 21 years old?
a. He studied at home with his brother, who was a doctor.

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 b. He lived on a farm, a long distance from any university.
c. He had to work to earn money.
d. He stopped studying when he was 13.

32. We can understand from the Paragraph [2] that a vaccine _____.
a. is found in the blood
b. can stop people from getting a certain disease
c. is a substance that causes typhoid fever
d. is a kind of bacteriologist

33. In World War I, why did most wounded men die?

a. The wounds let bacteria enter their bodies.
b. The wounds allowed their blood to come out of their bodies.
c. There were no doctors to help the wounded men.
d. There were no vaccines at that time.

34. We can understand from Paragraph [5] that germs are _____.
a. kinds of mould
b. bacteria which cause disease
c. bacteria which are dead
d. small plates

35. Why did Fleming grow germs?

a. To destroy them.
b. To study them.
c. To combine them with mould.
d. To sell them.

36. How is penicillin different from Penicillium notatum?

a. Penicillin can kill bacteria but Penicillium notatum can’t.
b. Unlike Penicillium notatum, penicillin is a fungus.
c. Penicillin is separated from Penicillium notatum.
d. Penicillin is a kind of mould whereas Penicillium notatum is a fungus.

37. Why wasn’t penicillin given to people to save their lives as soon as it was produced?
a. It was very expensive.
b. It couldn’t be isolated or prepared as a separate substance.
c. It was a powder.
d. Its effects were changeable.

38. Who developed a method to produce penicillin as a drug which could be used to treat sick people?
a. Sir Almroth Wright
b. Dr. Alexander Fleming
c. Two biochemists
d. Doctors around the world

39. About how many years passed between the discovery of the effects of penicillin and the use of penicillin
to prevent death?
a. one
b. four
c. twelve
d. twenty

40. Two advantages of penicillin are mentioned in the text. One advantage is that it saves lives by killing
harmful bacteria. What other advantage is given?
a. It helped scientists discover similar drugs.
b. It can also be used to kill viruses.
c. It is very cheap.
d. It comes from a very common mould.