Ar

aya
,RonaA.

BSBI
OLOGY4

TheBe
nef
it
sofBi
oac
tiveCompoundsf
romMa
croa
lga
e

Abs
tra
ct:Ma
rinema
croa
lga
ecommonl
yknowns
eawe
edsa
real
argea
nddi
ver
segr
oupof

ma
rineor
gani
smst
hatpr
oduc
eawi
der
angeofc
ompoundswi
thuni
quebi
ologi
calpr
ope
rti
es.

Ma
croa
lga
eal
sor
epr
ese
nta
nimpor
tants
our
ceofvi
ta
mins
,mi
ner
als
,ant
ioxi
dant
sandna
tur
al

he
rba
lme
dic
ine
.

I
NTRODUCTI
ON

Ma
croa
lga
ecommonl
yknowna
sse
awe
edsa
rel
argea
qua
ti
cphot
osynt
het
icnon

va
scul
arpl
ant
sandpr
ima
rypr
oduc
erst
hati
nte
rfa
cewi
thc
a.10,
000r
ecogni
zeds
pec
ies
.Th
ey

di
ff
eronhi
ghe
rpl
ant
s,t
heydonotpos
ses
str
uer
oot
s,l
eave
sands
tems(
Gui
ry,2012)
.Andt
hey

r
epr
ese
ntas
ust
ai
nabl
esour
ceofnut
ri
ent
sandbi
ologi
cal
lya
cti
vec
ompoundsf
orhuma
n

nut
ri
ti
on,c
osme
ti
cs,he
rba
lme
dic
ine
,ani
malf
eeda
ndf
ert
il
iz
ers(
Mar
inho-Sor
iano,2006)
.

Ma
rinema
croa
lga
ebe
longt
othet
hre
edi
vis
ionsofa
lga
ena
mel
yrhodophyt
a(r
eda
lga
e),

c
hlor
ophyt
a(gr
eena
lga
e)a
ndpha
eophyt
a(br
owna
lga
e).The
yva
ryonbi
oche
mic
al

c
ompos
it
ions
tr
uct
ura
lfe
atur
esa
ndl
if
ecyc
le(Cox,Abu-Gha
nna
m,a
ndGupt
a,2010)
.Re
dand

gr
eena
lga
ebe
longt
oKi
ngdomPl
ant
aea
ndt
heya
rec
los
elyr
ela
ted(
Bal
dauf
,2003)
.Whi
let
he

br
owna
lga
ebe
longt
otheKi
ngdomChr
omi
st
aande
vol
vedt
hroughs
econda
rye
ndos
ymbi
osi
s

(
Baur
ain,Br
inkma
nn,Pe
ter
sen,Rodr
ique
z-Ez
pel
et
a,St
echma
nn,De
moul
in,Roge
r,

Bur
ger
,La
ng,a
ndPhi
li
ppe
,2010;Ca
val
ie
r-Smi
th,1999)
.Ma
croa
lga
eca
nbef
oundi
nte
mpe
rat
e,
t
ropi
cala
ndpol
arr
egi
ons(Hur
d,Ha
rri
son,Bi
shof
,an
dLobba
n,2014a
).The
yca
nbes
eenwi
th

t
hepr
ese
ntofl
ightt
oca
rryoutphot
osynt
hes
is.

Fur
the
rmor
e,ma
croa
lga
eha
vet
hea
bil
it
ytoc
onve
rtc
arbondi
oxi
det
obi
oma
sswhi
ch

c
anpr
oce
sst
opr
oduc
efe
rti
li
zerbi
odi
ese
landot
herp
roduc
ts(She
eha
n,1998)
.The
yca
nal
so

pr
oduc
eagr
eatva
rie
tyofs
econda
ryme
tabol
it
est
hatc
annotbef
oundi
not
heror
gani
sms(Zhe
ng

Yi
,Che
nYi
-Sha
n,LuHa
i-She
ng,2001)
.Se
awe
edspr
ovi
deac
las
sics
our
ceofbi
ocompounds

s
ucha
spol
ysa
ccha
ride
s,c
arot
enoi
ds,pr
ote
in,pi
gme
nts
,mi
ner
alsa
ndvi
ta
mins(Bor
owi
tz
ka,

2013)
.Tha
yar
eus
eda
sani
ngr
edi
ent
sinc
osme
ceut
ic
alpr
oduc
tst
hatha
spha
rma
ceut
ic
al

pr
ope
rti
es(Thoma
sandKi
m,2013)
.Ma
croa
lga
ear
eri
chofvi
ta
minss
ucha
sA,
B,C,
D,E

nut
ri
ent
sande
sse
nti
alf
att
yac
ids(Bur
ti
n,2003)
.Somes
tudi
esonma
croa
lga
epr
omot
ese
ver
al

he
alt
hef
fec
tsuc
hasa
nti
-i
nfl
amma
tor
y,a
nti
oxi
dant
,ant
imi
crobi
al
,anda
ntic
anc
ere
ffe
cts

(Fa
tenM,AbonEl
al
laa
ndEma
d,Sh
ala
by,2009)
.

OBJ
ECTI
VE:

Tor
evi
ewt
hei
mpor
tanc
eofbi
oac
ti
vec
ompoundsf
romma
croa
lga
eandt
ore
vie
wthe

be
nef
it
stha
tsus
tai
nbot
hhuma
nanda
nima
ls.

Ma
croa
lga
easFood

Ma
rinema
croa
lga
eha
vebe
enc
ons
ume
dbyh
uma
nsbot
hinr
awa
ndc
ooke
dfor
mfor

c
ent
uri
es(Anon,2000)
.The
yar
eea
tena
sas
our
ceofdi
eti
nJa
pan,Chi
na,Kor
eaa
ndot
her

As
ianc
ount
ri
es(Ni
nawe
,2003)
.Thef
oodva
lueofma
croa
lga
eli
esi
nthe
irr
ichne
ssofva
rious

mi
croa
ndma
cronut
ri
ent
sinc
ludi
ngpr
ote
ins
,ca
rbohydr
ate
s,l
ipi
ds,a
minoa
cids
,fa
tt
yac
ids
,
vi
ta
mins
,andmi
ner
alse
spe
cia
ll
yiodi
ne.I
ncoa
sta
lar
easma
croa
lga
ear
eus
edi
nhuma
nand

a
nima
lnut
ri
ti
onbe
caus
eoft
hei
rlowc
ont
enti
nca
lor
iesa
nds
ati
sfi
edi
nmi
ner
als
,vi
ta
minsa
nd

di
et
aryf
ibe
rs(
Pla
za,Ci
fue
nte
s,I
bane
z,2008)
.

Ant
ioxi
dantPr
ope
rtyofMa
croa
lga
e

Ant
ioxi
dantpl
aya
nimpor
tantr
olei
nthel
at
ers
tage
sofc
anc
erde
vel
opme
nt.Se
ver
al

a
lga
espe
cie
sha
vebe
enpr
eve
nte
dan
umbe
rofc
hroni
cdi
sea
sess
ucha
she
artdi
sea
se,c
anc
er,

Al
zhe
ime
r'
sandPa
rki
nson'
sdi
sea
ses
.Fur
the
rmor
e,ma
croa
lga
eal
sopr
ovi
deot
heri
ngr
edi
ent
s

us
edi
nar
ti
cul
at
ionofc
osme
ti
cpr
oduc
tss
ucha
sbi
oac
ti
vei
ngr
edi
ent
s,pol
ysa
ccha
ride
s,mi
ner
als

(
Yua
nandWa
lsh,2006)
.

Ma
croa
lga
easFe
rti
li
zer

Thea
ppl
ic
ati
onofma
rinema
croa
lga
easa
gri
cul
tur
alf
ert
il
iz
erswe
rec
ommona
ndwi
de

s
pre
adpr
act
ic
einc
oas
tala
rea
sthr
oughoutt
hewor
ld(
Che
nnubhot
la
,Ka
li
ape
ruma
land

Ka
li
mut
hu,1987)
.Itha
sbe
enf
oundoutt
hata
lga
efe
rti
li
zeri
ssupe
riort
othec
onve
nti
ona
l

or
gani
cfe
rti
li
zer
.It
sef
fec
tsonpl
ant
sinc
ludehi
ghe
ryi
el
ds,c
hange
sinpl
antt
is
sue
,compos
it
ion,

i
ncr
eas
ednut
ri
entupt
ake
,longe
rshe
lfl
if
eoff
rui
tsa
ndbe
tt
ers
eedge
rmi
nat
ion.The
yal
so

c
ont
ai
nawi
der
angeofa
minoa
cidsa
ndvi
ta
mins
,wh
ichmi
ghtbeut
il
iz
edbypl
ant
s.Al
gae

f
ert
il
iz
era
lsof
unc
ti
ona
sac
ondi
ti
one
rint
hes
oil(
Gui
ry,2012

I
ndus
tri
alAppl
ica
tionofMa
croa
lga
e

Ma
rinema
croa
lga
ecompos
etheba
sisf
oramul
ti
-mi
ll
ion-dol
lori
ndus
try,i
nwhi
ch

bi
ll
ionsofdol
lor
swor
tha
gar
,al
gina
tes
,ca
rra
gee
nan,ot
herva
lua
blemi
ner
alsa
ndc
hemi
cal
sar
e

e
xtr
act
eda
nnua
ll
y.Ma
nyo
fthe
sepr
oduc
tsa
ree
xte
nsi
vel
yus
edi
nindus
tri
ess
ucha
sfood,
c
onf
ect
ione
ry,pha
rma
ceut
ic
als
,da
iry,pa
per
,te
xti
le
set
c.a
llove
rthewor
ld.Al
gaea
reus
eda
sa

s
oli
dif
yinga
genti
nba
cte
riol
ogi
calc
ult
ureme
dia
.Iti
sal
sous
edi
npr
oce
ssi
ngf
ish,poul
tr
y,

c
anne
dme
at,ba
ker
yic
ings
,jui
ces
,vi
nega
randwi
nes
.Ma
croa
lga
eisus
eda
sage
nti
nanumbe
r

off
oodpr
oduc
ts(Thoma
sandKi
m,2013)
.

Conc
lus
ion

Ther
esul
tsoft
hiss
tudya
imst
oshowe
dtha
tma
rinea
lga
ear
eta
xonomi
cal
lydi
ver
seda
nd

bi
ologi
cal
lya
cti
vec
ompou
nd.Ma
rinema
croa
lga
eal
sor
epr
ese
nta
nimpor
tants
our
ceof

vi
ta
mins
,mi
ner
als
,ant
ioxi
dant
sandna
tur
alhe
rba
lme
dic
ine
.Thi
sst
udyt
ryt
ore
vie
wthe

a
cce
ssi
bleont
heBi
oac
ti
vec
ompoundsf
romma
croa
lga
etha
tma
yha
vea
nti
-ca
nce
r,

a
nti
mic
robi
al
,ant
iinf
lamma
tor
y,a
nti
oxi
dant
sanda
ntivi
rala
cti
vit
y.Att
hes
amet
ime
,

ma
croa
lga
eca
nbeas
our
ceofc
ompoundswhi
chc
oul
dbef
eatf
orc
ompone
ntf
orhuma
nand

a
nima
lhe
alt
h.

Re
fer
enc
es
Anon(
2000)
.Al
gae
:Ec
ologi
cala
ndComme
rci
alI
mpor
tanc
e.Wor
ldwi
dewe
b
e
lec
troni
cpubl
ic
ati
onwww.br
it
anni
ca.c
om
Ba
lda
uf,S.
L.(
2003)
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oot
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uka
ryot
es.Sc
ienc
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ura
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a
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ightPC(
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oge
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or
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n,LuHa
i-She
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2001)
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mnol
ogy
19(
4):
327331