2019 Minerals Yearbook

TANZANIA [ADVANCE RELEASE]

U.S. Department of the Interior September 2023

U.S. Geological Survey
 The Mineral Industry of Tanzania
By Thomas R. Yager

In 2019, Tanzania played a significant role in the global The Government required a mineral dealers’ license to sell
production of gold, accounting for about 1% of the world’s gold minerals at the trading centers. The Government also canceled
mine output. The country was also the world’s only producer about 1,000 inactive mining licenses and announced plans
of tanzanite, which is a gemstone variety of zoisite that gets to redistribute them to small-scale miners (Reid, Lewis,
its color from trace amounts of vanadium. Other domestically and Herman, 2019).
significant mining and mineral-processing operations included In 2019, the Government lifted the ban on the export of
cement and natural gas. Tanzania was not a globally significant mineral concentrates, which it had established in June 2017
consumer of minerals or mineral fuels in 2019 (National Bureau to encourage downstream processing. The Government also
of Statistics, 2020, p. 63; Sheaffer, 2021). replaced mining taxes that included an 18% value-added tax on
mineral sales, a 7.3% inspection fee, a 5% withholding tax, and
Minerals in the National Economy a 0.3% government service fee with a 7% royalty on mineral
sales (Thomson Reuters, 2019; Kahn, 2020).
In 2019, the manufacturing sector accounted for 8.5% of
In October 2017, the former Ministry of Energy and Minerals
the gross domestic product (GDP), and mining and quarrying,
was divided into the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of
5.2%. The value of output in the mining sector increased by
Minerals. The Ministry of Energy was responsible for regulating
17.7% in 2019 compared with 1.5% in 2018, which could be
natural gas and petroleum exploration and production. The
attributable to increased gold production. Large-scale mines
Mining Commission, which was part of the Ministry of
employed about 12,000 workers in 2017 (the latest year for
Minerals, was responsible for mine inspections, licensing and
which data were available); as many as 1.5 million artisanal
mineral rights, and the regulation and promotion of artisanal and
miners were estimated to produce bauxite, building materials,
small-scale mining (Lewis, 2017).
colored gemstones, copper, diamond, gold, tin, and other mineral
commodities (Zavala, 2017; Bank of Tanzania, 2020a, p. 27, 31). Production
In 2019, Tanzania’s total exports were valued at $5.57 billion,
of which gold accounted for 39.8%. Total imports were In 2019, the production of pumice increased by 187%; salt, by
valued at $9.02 billion in 2019, of which petroleum products 173%; limestone, by 88%; sand, by 45%; cement, by 44%; tin,
and fertilizers accounted for 24.7% and 1.6%, respectively by an estimated 25%; gold, by 23%; and coal, by 13%. Refined
(Bank of Tanzania, 2020b, p. 10–11). aluminum and lead production started in 2019, but information
Tanzania is a signatory to the Kimberley Process Certification was not available to make a reliable estimate of output. Between
Scheme, which is a certification system established to reduce the 2015 and 2019, kaolin production increased by 686%; coal, by
trade in conflict diamond. Upstream natural gas and petroleum 178%; cement, by 108%; diamond, by 93%; and natural gas, by
exploration and production are governed by the Petroleum Act 70%. Kaolin output decreased by 88% in 2019. Bauxite mining
2015 and the Petroleum (Local Content) Regulations 2017. shut down in 2018. Between 2015 and 2019, tin production
In July 2017, the Government passed the Natural Wealth decreased by an estimated 94%; emerald, by an estimated 87%;
and Resources (Permanent Sovereignty) Act 2017, the Natural lime, by an estimated 70%; amethyst, by an estimated 66%;
Wealth and Resources Contracts (Review and Re-negotiation sapphire, by an estimated 64%; aquamarine, by an estimated
of Unconscionable Terms) Act 2017, and the Written Laws 63%; and sunstone, by an estimated 53% (National Bureau of
(Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2017. The new laws mandate Statistics, 2020, p. 63).
Government ownership of at least 16% in mining projects and Coal production increased in 2019 because of recent mine
allow the Government to renegotiate or terminate contracts with openings and increases in capacity. The increase in reported gold
mining companies. The new laws also increase royalties on production was at least partially attributable to the establishment
copper, gold, platinum, and silver exports to 6% from 4% and of mineral trading centers by the Government in March. Data on
royalties on colored gemstone, diamond, and uranium exports to mineral production are in table 1.
6% from 5% (Solomons, 2017; Daghar, 2019).
In January 2018, the Government passed new regulations Structure of the Mineral Industry
mandating that Tanzanian companies have at least 5% equity
Most of Tanzania’s gold mines were privately owned;
in mining operations in addition to the Government’s free-
the cement plants, natural gas operations, the Minjingu
carried interest. The regulations also mandate that priority be
phosphate mine, and the Nyanza salt mines were also owned
given to Tanzanian companies when mining licenses are issued
by private investors. The Government-owned State Mining
(Ng’wanakilala, 2018).
Corp. (STAMICO) operated the Biharamulo gold mine. The
In March 2019, the Government established a total of
Government also held a 50% share in the large-scale tanzanite
28 mineral-trading centers in various mineral-producing
mining operations at Block C at Merelani and minority interests
localities in Tanzania to formalize artisanal and small-scale
in the privately owned Ngaka coal mine and the Williamson
mining and to reduce smuggling of gold and other minerals.

Tanzania—2019 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 43.1

diamond mine. The new mining laws passed in 2017 mandated Sales of gold from small-scale mines increased to 4,660 kg in
at least 16% Government ownership in mining projects 2019 from 337 kg in 2016. Increased sales were attributable to
(Solomons, 2017). the establishment of mineral trading centers by the Government
Artisanal and small-scale miners accounted for most of the (Reid, Lewis, and Herman, 2019; Masare, 2020).
country’s colored gemstone production; copper, crushed stone, In late April 2017, Tanzanian Gold Corp. of Canada (formerly
diamond, and gold were also produced by artisanal and small- Tanzanian Royalty Exploration Corp.) and its joint-venture
scale miners. Capacity, location, ownership, and production partner Stamico completed a feasibility study on a large-scale
information were not readily available for many of these mine at the Buckreef project. Planned production in the study
operations. Table 2 is a list of major mineral industry facilities. was nearly 1,700 kg/yr of gold during an estimated 17-year
mine life. Reserves were estimated to be about 33,000 kg of
Commodity Review contained gold. The company planned to start mining of high-
grade ore near the surface in 2020 and to conduct conceptual
Metals
and feasibility studies on full production at the mine (Tanzanian
Royalty Exploration Corp., 2017, 2019).
Aluminum and Lead.—In April 2019, Gravita Tanzania
OreCorp Ltd. of Australia completed a scoping study on
Ltd. (a subsidiary of Gravita India Ltd. of India) announced
a new mine at the Nyanzaga project in August 2016 and a
that commercial-scale production had started at its lead refinery
prefeasibility study in March 2017. Planned production in
near Dar es Salaam with a capacity of 3,000 metric tons per
the study was about 6,600 kg/yr during an estimated 13-year
year (t/yr). The plant also had a capacity of 6,000 t/yr of refined
life of the mine. Resources for the project were estimated to
aluminum; production of cast aluminum alloys started in July.
be 29.8 million metric tons (Mt) at a grade of 3.48 grams per
Aluminum and lead were produced by remelting scrap (Business
metric ton gold. Depending on the results of a feasibility study,
Standard, 2019; Gravita India Ltd., 2019).
OreCorp had planned to start construction in 2018. As of the end
Gold and Silver.—In 2019, Barrick Gold Corp. of Canada
of 2019, the feasibility study had not started (Cornish, 2017b).
produced about 10,400 kilograms (kg) of gold at the North Mara
Katoro Gold plc of the United Kingdom (Kibo Mining plc
Mine, which was nearly unchanged from 2018. At the Buzwagi
of Ireland, 56.7%) was considering the development of a new
Mine, output decreased to about 3,600 kg in 2019 from 4,500 kg
mine at its Imweru project that could produce nearly 1,600 kg/yr
in 2018, and at the Bulyanhulu Mine, to nearly 1,200 kg in
of gold. Contained resources at Imweru were estimated to
2019 from nearly 1,300 kg in 2018. Bulyanhulu’s underground
be 16,000 kg of gold. In August 2019, Katoro Gold reached
mining operations were shut down; the mine produced gold
an agreement to sell Imweru to Lake Victoria Gold Ltd. of
by re-treating tailings. Barrick purchased all outstanding
Australia (Katoro Gold plc, 2017, 2019).
shares in its Tanzanian operations in 2019 (Acacia Mining plc,
Titanium and Zirconium.—In the fourth quarter of 2018,
2019, p. 13, 39, 41, 43; Barrick Gold Corp., 2020, p. 19, 32, 59).
Strandline Resources Ltd. of Australia completed an updated
Planned production at North Mara was between 8,900
feasibility study on a new mine at the Fungoni mineral sands
and 10,000 kg of gold in 2020. Barrick planned to maintain
deposit near Dar es Salaam. Planned production in the study was
production at about 8,500 kilograms per year (kg/yr) between
about 32,000 t/yr of ilmenite, 13,500 t/yr of zircon, 2,500 t/yr
2022 and 2024. The company planned to produce between 1,100
of rutile, and 500 t/yr of leucoxene during a mine life of slightly
and 1,900 kg at Bulyanhulu in 2020. Barrick planned to reopen
more than 6 years. Mining was expected to start in 2021.
the underground mining operations at Bulyanhulu and increase
Strandline estimated that reserves at Fungoni were 12.3 Mt
production to about 8,100 kg in 2022 and 9,000 kg in 2024.
at grades of 1.92% ilmenite, 0.81% zircon, 0.15% rutile, and
Buzwagi was expected to produce between 3,000 and 3,700 kg
0.03% leucoxene (Strandline Resources Ltd., 2018; 2019, p. 8).
in 2020 and to be placed on care-and-maintenance status in 2021
(Barrick Gold Corp., 2020, p. 19, 33, 59). Industrial Minerals
Geita Gold Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of AngloGold Ashanti
Ltd. of South Africa) produced about 18,800 kg of gold at the Cement.—Tanzania’s cement production increased to 6.51 Mt
Geita Mine in 2019 compared with 17,500 kg in 2018. Higher in 2019 from a revised 4.51 Mt in 2018 and 2.81 Mt in 2014
production was attributable to increased ore grades (AngloGold because of the opening of new plants and the expansion of
Ashanti Ltd., 2020, p. 85). existing plants. As of yearend, the country had seven cement
Shanta Gold Ltd. of the United Kingdom produced 2,628 kg producers with a total capacity of 10.3 million metric tons per
of gold and 2,816 kg of silver at the New Luika open pit mine year (Mt/yr) (table 2; National Bureau of Statistics, 2020, p. 64).
in 2019; production was 2,547 kg of gold and 3,323 kg of silver Lake Cement Ltd. of India operated a cement plant with a
in 2018. Planned production at New Luika, which is located capacity of 500,000 t/yr at Kimbiji. The company planned to
in Mbeya Region, was between 2,500 and 2,600 kg of gold in complete a new plant with a capacity of 1.4 Mt/yr at Bagamoyo
2020. In 2019, exploration by Shanta extended the life of the by 2019. In 2018, Kisarawe Cement Ltd. was engaged in
New Luika Mine until 2024 (Shanta Gold Ltd., 2020, p. 5, 10). the expansion of its plant’s capacity to 162,000 t/yr from
Shanta was considering options for financing its Singida 108,000 t/yr; the company also planned a subsequent increase
project in the Singida Region. The company planned to start to 450,000 t/yr. As of the end of 2019, it was unclear whether
construction at Singida in 2020. Total planned production at Kisarawe’s and Lake’s projects were completed (Global
New Luika and Singida was about 3,100 kg/yr (Shanta Gold Cement, 2016; International Cement Review, 2018a, b).
Ltd., 2020, p. 5, 7).

43.2 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2019

 Diamond.—Petra Diamonds Ltd. of the United Kingdom completion of the feasibility study was delayed until January 2020
operated the open pit Williamson Mine, which accounted for (Graphex Mining Ltd., 2018, p. 1, 15, 19; 2019).
most of the diamond produced in Tanzania. The company Armadale Capital completed a scoping study on a new
produced 407,545 carats of diamond from open pit and alluvial graphite mine at Mahenge Liandu in March 2018. Planned
operations in 2019 compared with 380,689 carats in 2018. production in the study was 50,000 t/yr of concentrate at a grade
The estimated remaining life of the mine was 12 years (Petra of 98% graphite during an estimated 32-year mine life. Jumbo-
Diamonds Ltd., 2019, p. 15; 2020, p. 16, 49). flake graphite was likely to account for 24.5% of production,
Gemstones.—Tanzania produced a variety of gemstones that and large-flake, 23.6%. The company initiated a feasibility
included alexandrite, amethyst, aquamarine, cordierite, emerald, study in May 2018. As of December 2019, Armadale planned to
garnet, quartz, ruby, sapphire, spinel, sunstone, tanzanite, and complete the study in the first quarter of 2020. Depending on the
tourmaline. Merelani, which is located near Arusha, was the results of the study, mining could start in the first half of 2021
world’s only source of tanzanite. Artisanal and small-scale (Armadale Capital plc, 2018a, b; 2019).
miners operated in Blocks B and D of the Merelani deposit. In April 2016, Magnis Resources Ltd. of Australia completed
TanzaniteOne Mining Ltd. (Sky Associates Group Ltd., 50%, a feasibility study on a new mine at the Nachu project. The
and STAMICO, 50%) mined tanzanite in Block C. Mining was production target was 220,000 t/yr of concentrate at a grade of
expected to continue at Block C until 2042 (Mzamo, 2018). between 97% and 99% graphite during the estimated 15-year
Graphite.—In July 2019, Black Rock Mining Ltd. of mine life; production was planned to be 240,000 t/yr during the
Australia updated its feasibility study on a new graphite mine first 12 years. Reserves were estimated to be 76 Mt at a grade
at the Mahenge project in Morogoro Region. Depending on of 4.8% graphite. Magnis expected to sell about 140,000 t/yr of
the negotiation of a fiscal agreement with the Government graphite to the spherical graphite and lithium battery markets,
in the first half of 2020, Black Rock could start mining in 77,000 t/yr to the jumbo-flake and expandable graphite markets,
2020 or 2021. The company planned to produce 83,000 t/yr and 22,000 t/yr to the super-jumbo-flake and aerospace markets.
of concentrate at a grade of 99% graphite in the first stage of As of the end of 2019, it was unclear when production would start
mining. Black Rock planned to start the second stage in 2021 (Washbourne, 2016; Magnis Resources Ltd., 2018, p. 33, 37).
or 2022; the third stage, in 2022 or 2023; and the fourth stage, Kibaran Resources Ltd. of Australia was engaged in the
in 2023 or 2024. Full production would be 350,000 t/yr. The development of a new graphite mine at the Epanko project.
estimated life of the mine was 26 years (Black Rock Mining In mid-2017, the company completed a feasibility study on
Ltd., 2019; Cornish, 2019). expanding its planned production to 60,000 t/yr of graphite
Volt Resources Ltd. of Australia completed a feasibility concentrate from 40,000 t/yr. Concentrate from Epanko was
study on the first stage of a new graphite mine at its Bunyu expected to have a grade of between 96% and 97% graphite.
project in late July 2018. The company planned to start Estimated capital costs for an 18-year mine life were nearly
production at the rate of 23,700 t/yr of graphite concentrate in $89 million. Depending on financing, Kibaran planned to start
the third quarter of 2020. Volt also planned to start a feasibility production by the end of 2018 and to reach full capacity in
study on the second stage of mining by early 2020. Depending 2019. As of the end of 2019, it was unclear when production
on the results of the study, production could increase to would start (Cornish, 2017a).
170,000 t/yr starting in late 2022. The estimated life of the Rare Earths.—In April 2017, Peak Resources completed
Bunyu Mine, which is located in southeastern Tanzania, was at a feasibility study on a new rare earths mine at its Ngualla
least 22 years (Kalkine Media, 2019). project; the study was updated in August. Planned production
Walkabout Resources Ltd. of Australia completed a feasibility was 14,700 t/yr of rare-earth oxides from bastnaesite during
study on a new graphite mine at its Lindi Jumbo project, which an estimated 26-year mine life. Rare-earth concentrates
is located to the west of Mtwara, in March 2019. Planned from Ngualla would be processed at a refinery in the
production in the study was 40,000 t/yr of concentrate at a United Kingdom. Resources were estimated to be 214 Mt at
grade of 95% graphite, of which jumbo-flake (flakes larger than a grade of 2.15% rare-earth oxides, and reserves, 18.5 Mt at a
300 microns) would account for 49%, and large-flake (flakes grade of 4.8% rare-earth oxides. As of the end of 2019, it was
between 180 and 300 microns), 25%. Walkabout planned to start unclear when production would start (Peak Resources Ltd.,
mining at Lindi Jumbo in 2021; the estimated life of the mine was 2017, p. 1, 7, 12, 15, 28).
24 years (Walkabout Resources Ltd., 2019, p. 17, 30, 38). In Strandline’s feasibility study on the Fungoni mineral sands
In September 2018, Graphex Mining Ltd. of Australia project, planned monazite production was about 1,500 t/yr.
completed an updated prefeasibility study on the Chilalo graphite Reserves were estimated to be 12.3 Mt at a grade of 0.09%
project in Lindi Region. Planned production in the study was monazite. Depending on obtaining financing, production could
58,000 t/yr of concentrate at a grade of 93% graphite in the first start by 2021 (Strandline Resources Ltd., 2018; 2019, p. 8).
2 years of mining and 108,000 t/yr subsequently. Jumbo-flake
graphite was likely to account for 57% of production, and large- Mineral Fuels and Related Materials
flake, 9%. The estimated life of the mine was between 6 and
Coal.—Tanzania’s coal production increased in 2019 to
7 years. Graphex planned to complete a feasibility study in the
712,136 metric tons (t) from a revised 627,652 t in 2018.
second quarter of 2019; mining could start in the second quarter
Intra Energy Corporation Ltd. of Australia and its joint-
of 2020, depending on the results. As of the end of 2019, the
venture partner National Development Corp. (owned by
the Government) operated a mine at the Ngaka coalfield in

Tanzania—2019 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 43.3

Ruvumu District that accounted for most of the country’s coal Outlook
production. The cement industry accounted for 56% of the
mine’s sales; the ceramic industry, 32%; and the textile industry Tanzania’s production of coal, gold, and natural gas are
and other industries, 12%. In 2017, the mine’s capacity increased expected to increase in the near future. Ilmenite, rare earths,
to 960,000 t/yr from 480,000 t/yr (Intra Energy Corporation Ltd., rutile, and zircon production could start in 2021. Coal
2017, p. 5; 2019, p. 4; National Bureau of Statistics, 2020, p. 63). production is expected to increase modestly in 2020; more
Edenville Energy plc of the United Kingdom operated the substantial increases in production would depend on the
Rukwa Mine near Sumbawanga. The company planned to development of the Mbeya project. The outlook for natural
increase its production to 120,000 t/yr by May 2020 (Edenville gas production is for it to increase from 2020 through 2022.
Energy plc, 2019). Increased gold production at the Bulyanhulu Mine and the
In January 2017, Kibo Energy plc (formerly Kibo Mining opening of the Singida Mine are expected to more than offset
plc) of Ireland completed a feasibility study on a new mine and decreased production at the North Mara Mine and from
coal-fired power station at the Mbeya Coal to Power project the closure of the Buzwagi Mine. Further increases in gold
in southwestern Tanzania. The initial planned capacity of the production could result from the development of the Buckreef
power station was between 250 and 300 megawatts (MW); and the Nyanzaga Mines.
Kibo could expand the capacity subsequently to 600 MW. The New Tanzanian mines could potentially have substantial
initial planned coal consumption was about 1.5 Mt/yr. Kibo effects upon world markets for graphite and helium. Graphite
estimated that the life of the mine was 30 years. In April 2019, production could restart in 2020; total planned production was
the Government-owned Tanzania Electric Supply Company about 700,000 t/yr by 2025. World graphite production was
Ltd. advised Kibo that Mbeya could be developed for export estimated to be about 1.1 Mt in 2019. Helium production could
markets. At yearend, it was unclear when development would potentially start in 2021; initial planned output was 10 million
start (Kibo Mining plc, 2017; Kibo Energy plc, 2020, p. 6). cubic meters per year. World helium production was estimated
Helium.—Helium One Ltd. of the United Kingdom explored to be about 160 million cubic meters in 2019 (Olson, 2021;
for helium in southwestern Tanzania. In June 2016, the company Peterson, 2021).
announced an initial resource estimate of 1.5 billion cubic meters
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43.6 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2019

 TABLE 1
TANZANIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES1

(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)

Commodity2 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

METALS
e
Bauxite 50,000 72,779 12,090 7,140 --
Copper, mine, concentrates, Cu content 16,800 17,400 15,800 10,000 10,000
r
Gold, mine, Au content kilograms 43,780 45,883 43,490 39,304 48,408
Iron and steel:
Steel:
Raw steele 210,000 230,000 250,000 300,000 300,000
Products, rolled 142,963 154,079 183,337 224,402 203,018
Silver, mine, Ag content kilograms 15,569 17,984 10,911 12,041 12,550
3 3 e
Tin, mine, Sn content 179 138 91 8 10
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS
Cement, hydraulic thousand metric tons 3,135 4,071 4,200 4,509 6,514
Clay, kaolin 1,953 656 13,816 129,383 15,343
Diamond, gem and industrial carats 216,491 239,896 304,456 383,391 416,750
Gemstones, excluding diamond:
e 4 e e
Alexandrite kilograms -- -- 1 1 1
e e e
Amethyst do. 59,000 88,636 19,937 20,000 20,000
e e e
Aquamarine do. 16,000 31,161 5,967 6,000 6,000
e e e
Emerald do. 90 42 12 12 12
e e e
Garnet do. 130,000 244,490 131,278 130,000 130,000
e e e
Quartz do. 90,000 145,785 71,275 71,000 71,000
r r r r
Rubye do. 18,000 19,000 20,000 20,000 20,000
r r r r
Sapphiree do. 1,400 500 500 500 500
e e e
Sunstone do. 20,000 10,298 9,377 9,400 9,400
r, 3 r r r, e e
Tanzanite do. 6,370 30,875 21,582 22,000 22,000
e e e
Tourmaline do. 49,000 23,464 33,041 33,000 33,000
Gypsum, mine 239,302 213,744 123,645 241,259 256,529
e e
Lime 88,617 238,776 26,918 27,000 27,000
Phosphate rock:
e
Gross weight 50,000 23,658 15,896 -- --
P2O5 content 14,000 e
6,900 e
4,600 e
-- --
Pumice and related materials, pozzolan 342,628 230,045 79,085 91,645 263,064
Salt, all types 92,158 170,553 100,017 36,392 99,510
Stone, sand, and gravel, construction:
Sand and gravel, sand 10,000,000 e 12,916,978 7,743,254 8,300,000 e 12,000,000 e

Stone:
Crushed, limestone 4,443,600 4,170,057 3,300,899 2,944,000 r 5,527,000
Other, size and shape unspecified:
Calcite -- e 1 1 1e 1 e

e
Marble 43,000 58,512 42,729 43,000 e 43,000 e

MINERAL FUELS AND RELATED MATERIALS

Coal, bituminous 255,884 276,030 558,553 627,652 r 712,136
r r r
Natural gas, marketable million cubic meters 1,057 1,447 1,469 1,722 r 1,792
e
Estimated. rRevised. do. Ditto. -- Zero.
1
Table includes data available through September 28, 2020. All data are reported unless otherwise noted. Estimated data are rounded to no more than three
significant digits.
2
In addition to the commodities listed, smelter copper, refined aluminum and lead, other gemstones (including cordierite and spinel), and raw construction
materials (including brick clay) may have been produced, but available information was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output.
3
Reported exports.
4
Production was less than 1/2 kilogram.

Tanzania—2019 [ADVANCE RELEASE] 43.7

 TABLE 2
TANZANIA: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 2019

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified)

Commodity Major operating companies and major equity owners Location of main facilities Annual capacity
Aluminum, refined, secondary Gravita Tanzania Ltd. (Gravita India Ltd.) Plant near Dar es Salaam 6,000.
Cement Dangote Cement plc Plant at Mtwara 3,000,000.
Do. Tanzania Portland Cement PLC (Scancem International Plant at Wazo Hill 2,200,000.
DA, 69.3%)
Do. Tanga Cement PLC [AfriSam Consortium (Pty) Ltd., 62.5%] Plant at Tanga 1,800,000.
Do. ARM Cement Ltd. Plant at Dar es Salaam1 1,600,000.
Do. Mbeya Cement Company Ltd. (LafargeHolcim Ltd., 61.5%) Plant at Mbeya 1,100,000.
Do. Lake Cement Ltd. Plant at Kimbiji 500,000.
Do. Kisarawe Cement Ltd. Plant at Nazimuzubwi 108,000.
Coal, bituminous Intra Energy Corporation Ltd., 70%, and National Ngaka Mine in Ruvumu District 960,000.
Development Corp., 30%
Do. Edenville Energy plc Rukwa Mine near Sumbawanga 120,000.
Copper, mine Artisanal and small-scale miners Mine at Mbesa 12,000.e
Do. Twiga Minerals Corp. (Barrick Gold Corp., 100%) Buzwagi Mine in Shinyanga Region1 4,200.
Do. do. Bulyanhulu Mine near Kahama1 3,200.
Diamond carats Williamson Diamonds Ltd. (Petra Diamonds Ltd., 75%, Williamson Mine near Shinyanga 450,000.e
and Government, 25%)
Do. do. El Hillal Minerals Ltd. Mine near Shinyanga 17,000.e
Do. do. Artisanal and small-scale miners do. 12,000.e
Gemstones:
Emerald do. Mines near Lake Manyara NA.
Ruby do. Mundarara Mine near Longido NA.
Tanzanite kilograms TanzaniteOne Mining Ltd. [Sky Associates Ltd., 50%, Mine at Merelani, Block C 2,000.e
and State Mining Corp. (STAMICO), 50%]
Do. Kilimanjaro Mines Ltd. Mine at Merelani, Block A NA.
Do. Artisanal and small-scale miners Mines at Merelani, Blocks B and D NA.
Do. Tanzanite Africa Ltd. (IPP Media Ltd.) Mine at Merelani, Block D Extension NA.
Gold kilograms Twiga Minerals Corp. (Barrick Gold Corp., 100%) North Mara Mine in Tarime District 11,500.
Do. do. do. Bulyanhulu Mine near Kahama 10,500.2
Do. do. do. Buzwagi Mine in Shinyanga Region 4,800.
Do. do. Geita Gold Mining Ltd. (AngloGold Ashanti Ltd., 100%) Geita Mine near Nyakabale 18,800.
Do. do. Shanta Gold Ltd. New Luika Mine in Songwe Region 2,600.
Do. do. Stamigold Co. Ltd. [State Mining Corp. (STAMICO)] Biharamulo Mine in Kagera Region 1,200.e
Do. do. Artisanal and small-scale miners Mines in various locations 5,200.e
Lead, refined, secondary Gravita Tanzania Ltd. (Gravita India Ltd.) Plant near Dar es Salaam 3,000.
Lime Neelkanth Lime Ltd. Plant at Tanga 180,000.
Do. Athi River Mining Ltd. (ARM) Plant at Tanga1 40,000.
Natural gas million Etablissements Maurel et Prom SA, 48.06%; Wentworth Gasfield at Mnazi Bay 2,170.
cubic meters Resources plc, 31.94%; Tanzania Petroleum
Development Corp., 20%
Do. do. Orca Exploration Group Inc. Gasfield on Songo Songo Island 1,770.
Phosphate rock Minjingu Mines and Fertilizers Ltd. (Mac Group Mine at Minjingu1 100,000.
of Companies)
Salt Nyanza Mines (Tanganyika) Ltd. (Mac Group Nyanza Mines at Uvinza 60,000.
of Companies)
Silver kilograms Twiga Minerals Corp. (Barrick Gold Corp., 100%) Bulyanhulu Mine near Kahama 8,900.
Do. do. do. Buzwagi Mine in Shinyanga Region1 4,300.e
Do. do. do. North Mara Mine in Tarime District 1,300.e
Do. do. Shanta Gold Ltd. New Luika Mine in Songwe Region 3,400.e
Do. do. Geita Gold Mining Ltd. (AngloGold Ashanti Ltd., 100%) Geita Mine near Nyakabale 2,300.e
Steel Aluminum Africa Ltd. Plant at Dar es Salaam 70,000e rolled.
Do. MM Integrated Steel Mills Ltd. do. 36,000e rolled.
Do. Aluminum Africa Ltd. do. 70,000 galvanized.
Do. MM Integrated Steel Mills Ltd. do. 36,000 galvanized.
e
Estimated; estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits. Do., do. Ditto. NA Not available.
1
Not operating at the end of 2019.
2
Only 1,600 kilograms per year of capacity was available because underground mining operations were on care-and-maintenace status .

43.8 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2019