International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)

Vol. 14, No. 4, December 2023, pp. 2119~2133

ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i4.pp2119-2133  2119

Impact of load variation on power system stability and

performance of power system stabilizers: A case study of
Peerdawd gas power station, Iraq

Jawad Hamad Hameed1,2, Wassan Adnan Hashim3, Nabil Derbel4

Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Gabès (E.N.I.G), University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
1
2
Department of Petroleum Systems Control Engineering, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
3
Department of Medical Devices Techniques Engineering, Al-Qalam University, Kirkuk, Iraq
4
National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Variable load on the station refers to the fluctuating load on a power plant
due to erratic consumer demands. It is known to have an effect on the
Received Feb 12, 2023 performance of power system stabilizers, particularly in damping inter-area
Revised Jun 10, 2023 oscillation. This paper examines how two power system stabilizer (PSS)
Accepted Jun 25, 2023 models and various load conditions affect a power system's voltage and
power stability. A dynamic model of the power system station, based on the
real case study of the Peerdawd gas power station in north Iraq (PPGS), is
Keywords: utilized to investigate the response of both steady-state and transient-state
models: the aggregated excitation control system (EX2100) and the power
Excitation system stabilizer (PSS2B). The impact of load variation on voltage stability
MATLABTM/Simulink under normal situations and during disturbances is discussed. Furthermore,
PPGS the effect of reactive power support from the power plant on the input of the
Power factor two PSS models is analyzed and discussed. The paper employs a
PSS MATLABTM/Simulink-based simulation program, and the results
PSS2B contribute to understanding how load variation influences system damping
Synchronous generator based on PSS.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Jawad Hamad Hameed
Department of Petroleum Systems Control Engineering, College of Petroleum Processes Engineering
Tikrit University
Tikrit, Salahudden, Iraq
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
Recently, as the world has progressed, the structure of the electric power systems has expanded
quickly. These systems now include many different components, including loads, transformers, transmission
lines, generators, and controllers. The system is complicated by interference between these components [1].
Due to the necessity for the electrical energy, the rising demand for it poses a significant issue. Power
exchanges between different zones of these systems lead to an increase in the complexity and size of power
systems. Because the entire world depends on the electric network for daily living, the power networks are
crucial to socioeconomic progress [2]. Consequently, a variety of protection and control mechanisms are
required for the power systems to operate steadily. The term ‘stability’ for a power system is defined by the
“ability of the system to retain its steady state when subjected to any disturbances is said to be power system
stability” [3], [4]. The loads, generator outputs, topology, and other important operating factors of the power
system are all constantly changing. This makes it a highly nonlinear system that functions in a dynamic

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environment. Two perspectives have been used to study the stability issue: steady-state stability and transient
state stability. In order to analyze the power system and its generators under strictly steady-state conditions
and make an effort to ascertain the maximum generator load that may be transmitted without endangering the
synchronism of any other generator. Transient stability refers to the power system's capacity to maintain
synchronism in the face of a sudden, significant disturbance (fault), such as a fault in the transmission
infrastructure, the loss of a sizable load, or a loss of generation. When a disturbance (fault) occurs, the
system's stability is influenced by both the type of disturbance and the starting operating conditions. When a
fault occurs, it causes the generator to lose synchronism.
The essential condition for stable power system is synchronism [5], [6]. Three types of stability
issues are rotor angle stability, frequency stability, and voltage stability. Rotor angle stability is necessary for
the connected synchronous generators to operate synchronistical both during normal operation and following
both a big and a small disruption [1], [7]. These tiny signal oscillations (SSOs) have low frequencies between
(0.2 and 3.0 Hz) and low magnitudes. While most (SSOs) may be dampened down, some may continue for a
while, increase gradually, and lead to system separation [8]–[10]. By using an autonomous voltage regulator
in electrical power systems (EPS), stability can manage the generator's excitation (AVR). However, because
the (EPS) is dynamically complex, it frequently deals with alterations in the operational environment and
disruptions. A supplemental control signal in the excitation system to a generating unit can be utilized to
improve dynamic performance, i.e., to provide quick damping to the power system. Power system stabilizers
(PSSs) have been used extensively to reduce (SSOs) and enhance dynamic stability of electrical systems
because they are affordable, straightforward, and quick to install (EPS). The most common (PSS) structure is
a lead-lag type (phase compensator), whose gain and pole-zeros are established using linear control theory
and a linearized dynamic model of (EPS) [10]–[12]. The power factor (PF) is one of the most important
factors on the power system. PF and load are playing main role for effected on the control and stability power
system. It is defined as the ratio of the actual power (active power in watts (W)) to the apparent power (in
VA) flowing to the load in an (AC) system. Watts and (VA) are more frequently expressed in thousands as
(KW and KVA). Low power factor results when (KW) is small in comparison to (KVA), that means the load
absorb more reactive power (KVar) which occur at the inductive load. The ideal power factor is (unity PF),
which occurs when the real and apparent powers are equal. Since the current and the voltage are in phase,
there is no effective power, also known as reactive power, drawn into the circuit in this situation. But a low
power factor results in a high current being drawn into the circuit. Therefore to keep the system in safety
must be keep the power factor (1≥PF≥0.8) [13]–[15] have an innovative method for tuning a single machine
infinite bus (SMIB) network's lead-lag (PSS), proportional-integral (PI), and proportional integral-derivative
(PID) functions. In order to increase the stability of a multi-machine power system employing (PSS) in
certain parameters, a unique design strategy is proposed in [16]. An improved technique for (PSS) tuning in
multi-machine systems is proposed in [17]. This approach is based on the analysis of system participation
factors and the pole placement method, while respecting the time domain behavior of the system following
the application of a minor disturbance. In this paper was studied the main factors that reflectance on the
response of steady-transient state as follows: section 2, showed the modeled of real case power system,
Peerdawod gas power station which located in south of Iraq–Erbil (PPGS) as shown in block diagram model
in Figure 1. The selection type inputs of (PSS) were proposed on section 3 with studied different situations of
load conditions (light load at PF 60%, normal load at PF 80%, and heavy load at PF 95%). Section 4,
discussed the simulation results.

Field
Winding
Infinite Bus

Vref
+ AVR
AVR Exciter
Exciter Generator
Generator
+
-
Trans.
Line

VT

PSS

Figure 1. Power system model

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2. POWER SYSTEM STATION

The Peerdawd gas power station (PPGS) is a real case study adopted in this paper. Located in the
north of Iraq, the power station consists of ten units with a total power capacity of 1500 MW. Each unit is
represented by a nonlinear machine model with a 2-axis representation (Xq and Xd) of the generator. The
power station employs an excitation system of type EX2100, which includes a fully integrated digital lead/lag
power system stabilizer (PSS2B). The PSS2B is based on the integral of accelerating power (P acc) principle
and is available for the EX2100 excitation system. The MATLAB/Simulink diagram in Figure 2 provides a
visual representation of the system configuration.

Figure 2. Model of a practical power system, generator, exciter, and PSS in MATLAB/Simulink

2.1. Synchronous generator model

The synchronous generator of Peerdawod gas power station (PPGS) is represented by sixth-order
model [18], [19].

2𝐻𝛥𝜔̇ = 𝑃𝑚 − 𝑃𝑒 (1)

𝛿̇ = 𝛥𝜔 (2)
′
𝑇𝑑𝑜 𝑉𝑞̇ ′ = 𝐸𝑓 − 𝑉𝑞′ + 𝐼𝑑 (𝑋𝑑 − 𝑋𝑑′ ) (3)
′ ̇′
𝑇𝑞𝑜 𝑉𝑑 = −𝑉𝑞′ + 𝐼𝑑 (𝑋𝑞 − 𝑋𝑞′ ) (4)
″ ̇″
𝑇𝑑𝑜 𝑉𝑞 = 𝑉𝑞′ − 𝑉𝑞″ + 𝐼𝑑 (𝑋𝑑′ − 𝑋𝑑″ ) (5)
″ ̇″
𝑇𝑞𝑜 𝑉𝑑 = 𝑉𝑑′ − 𝑉𝑑″ + 𝐼𝑞 (𝑋𝑞′ − 𝑋𝑞″ ) (6)

2.2. The excitation system

The excitation system is one of the most crucial components of the synchronous generator's electric
power system, because it is the source of electrical energy. Generators convert mechanical energy (typically
from turbines) into electrical energy. Only when generator excitation exists is energy transformation possible.
Generator output values such as voltage and reactive power are also determined by the generator's excitation.
This means that controlling generator excitation also controls generator output energy, which affects the
overall stability of the electric power system [20]. The terminal bus voltage (VT) is measured by the
excitation system, and it is compared to a desired reference voltage (V ref). The automatic voltage
regulator (AVR), which uses the error to drive a number of control circuits, determines the desired and actual
signals by comparing them. The exciter, which could be a rotating alternator or a power-electronic rectifier,
receives the output signal from the voltage regulator and supplies the field voltage to the rotor circuit of a
synchronous generator. There are two main functions of an excitation system:
− In steady state, the voltage regulator sets a desirable value for the voltage at the generator bus terminals.

Impact of load variation on power system stability and performance of power … (Jawad Hamad Hameed)
2122  ISSN: 2088-8694

− The excitation control system supplies additional reactive power to the post-fault system in disturbance
conditions (like short-circuit faults) to maintain the generator terminal voltage. This raises the
synchronizing torque and enables the generator to keep synchronism, which increases the transient
stability of the connected system [21].
The static excitation system in Peerdawod power gas station (EX2100) has high gain and fast
response times, which aid to synchronizing torque stability and also reduce small signal stability (damping
torque). The (PSS) provides a positive contribution to damping generator rotor angle swing, in range of the
frequency of the power system. As shown in the linear block diagram of a signal machine connected to
infinite bus power system. This diagram demonstrates the effect of excitation system on the damping of local
mode machine oscillation. The generation is also provided by an automatic voltage regulator (AVR), as
shown Figure 3 [22], [23].
1
𝐺(𝑠)𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = [𝐺(𝑠)𝑃𝐼𝐷 ∗ 𝐺(𝑠)𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 ] (7)
𝐾

1 𝐾𝐷 𝑆 2 +𝐾𝑃 𝑆+𝐾𝐼 𝐾3
𝐺(𝑠)𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = [ ∗ ′ 𝐾 𝑆+1 ] (8)
𝐾 𝑆 𝑇𝑑𝑜 3

′
Where K and K3 are gains, 𝑇𝑑𝑜 is the time constants generator, and KD, KP, and Ki are the PID gains for the
controller.

Figure 3. EX2100 excitation control power system stabilizer

2.3. Power system stabilizer

Rapid response excitation systems may destabilize power systems by introducing slightly attenuated
electromechanical oscillation modes. To improve the damping of these modes, power system
stabilizers (PSS) are used extensively. The purpose of a (PSS) is to add damping to the unit’s characteristic
electromechanical oscillations. This is achieved by modulating the excitation of the generator in such a way
as to develop electrical torque components in phase with the rotor speed deviations. In this way, the (PSS)
assists in improving the stability of small signals in power systems [24], [25]. The frequency range of interest
for electromechanical oscillations typically falls within (0.1-3.0 Hz). The electromechanical oscillations
might be further classified into three categories, namely, inter-area modes (0.1-0.8 Hz), local-machine modes
(0.8-3.0 Hz), and inter-unit modes (1.5-3.0 Hz). The objective is to ensure that the (PSS) provides optimum
improved damping for all electromechanical oscillations in the frequency range of interest. Two common
oscillation patterns that can be readily solved using a (PSS) are: a) oscillation of a single generator or plant

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against rest of the power system, b) oscillation between a few generators close to each other as shown in
Figure 4 [24], [26].
The paper focuses on the utilization of the modern power system stabilizer (PSS2B) which
incorporates two input signals: electrical power and rotor speed. By combining these two signals, the PSS2B
generates an equivalent speed signal that is directly proportional to the integral of accelerating power.
Figure 5 provides a visual representation of this process. The PSS2B is a dual-input power system stabilizer
that holds significant importance in improving the stability and performance of power systems. With its
ability to utilize both electrical power and rotor speed signals, the PSS2B effectively monitors and controls
the system's response to disturbances, ensuring stable operation [27].

Figure 4. Electromechanical oscillations categories

Vs1max MAX

Vs1
sTw1 sTw 2 1  1 + sT 8 
N
1 + sT 1 1 + sT 3 1 + sT 10 VST
1 + sTw1 1 + sTw 2 1 + sT 6  M 
 ( 1 + sT 9 )  Ks1
1 + sT 2 1 + sT 4 1 + sT 11

Vs1min MIN
Vs2max Ks2

Vs2 sTw4 Ks 2
sTw3
1 + sTw3 1 + sTw4 1 + sT 7

Vs2min

Figure 5. Power system stabilizer PSS2B model

The equivalent speed deviation is equal to the integral of accelerating power divided by inertia
constant (M=2 H). Thus if the speed signal can be evaluated, a stabilizer can be formed based on it.
In (PSS2B), mechanical power influences are regarded as really simple measurement from entirely electrical
signals as shown in (9)-(17):
1 1
𝛥𝜔𝑒𝑞 = ∫(𝛥𝑃𝑚 − 𝛥𝑃𝑒 )𝑑𝑡 = 2𝐻 ∫ 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑡 (9)
2𝐻

1 1
𝛥𝜔𝑒𝑞 = ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑚 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑀 ∫ 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑡 (10)
𝑀

𝑀𝛥𝜔𝑒𝑞 = ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑚 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑡 (11)

from in (11),

𝑀𝛥𝜔𝑒𝑞 + ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑚 𝑑𝑡 (12)

substituting in (12) in (11) gives:

∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑡 = − ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑒 𝑑𝑡 + [𝑀𝛥𝜔𝑒𝑞 + ∫ 𝛥𝑃𝑒 𝑑𝑡] (13)

𝛥𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝛥𝑃𝑒 (𝑠) 𝛥𝑃𝑒 (𝑠)
=− + 𝐺(𝑠)[ + 𝛥𝜔𝑒𝑞 (𝑠)] (14)
𝑀𝑆 𝑀𝑆 𝑀𝑆

Impact of load variation on power system stability and performance of power … (Jawad Hamad Hameed)
2124  ISSN: 2088-8694

where (Pm, Pe, and Pacc) are the mechanical, electrical, and accelerating powers of the generator respectively
in per-unit, (M and H) are the inertia constant both in second, (ω eq) is the equivalent angular speed in per-unit
and (G(s)) is the transfer function of the low-pass filter. Thus, The integral of mechanical power is related to
shaft speed and electrical power. There are two main parts on the (PSS2B): the filters (washing filter is the
high pass filter at the input path “electrical power change (∆P e) and speed rotor deviation (∆w)” and
mechanical power change passed through a low-pass filter to remove shaft torsional components), and
stabilizing parts contain lead lag compensation, as shown in Figure 5 [24], [26]. The integral of the input
accelerating power (Pacc) is the input to the stabilizing parts which contain two or three lead lag phase
compensation, (PSS) gain (Ks1), and output limit function (VSTMAX and VSTMIN) as shown in
Figure 6 [24].
1+𝑠𝑇1 1+𝑠𝑇3 1+𝑠𝑇10
𝐺(𝑠)𝑃𝑆𝑆 = 𝐾𝑝𝑠𝑠 [ ∗ ∗ ] (15)
1+𝑠𝑇2 1+𝑠𝑇4 1+𝑠𝑇11

𝛥𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐
𝑉𝑆𝑇 = 𝐺(𝑠)𝑃𝑆𝑆 ∗ (16)
𝑀𝑆

1+𝑠𝑇1 1+𝑠𝑇3 1+𝑠𝑇10 𝛥𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑐

𝑉𝑆𝑇 = 𝐾𝑝𝑠𝑠 [ ∗ ∗ ]∗ (17)
1+𝑠𝑇2 1+𝑠𝑇4 1+𝑠𝑇11 𝑀𝑆

Where, Kpss is the (PSS) gain in (pu), T1 is the first lead time constant in (sec), T2 is the First lag time
constant in (sec), T3 is the Second lead time constant in (sec), T4 is the second lag time constant in (sec),
T10 is the third lead time constant in (sec), T11 is the third lag time constant in (sec) and VST is the (PSS)
output in (pu). 0.02≤T1, T2, T3≤2 and 0.02≤T4≤6.

MAX

Pacc
MS 1 + sT 1 1 + sT 3 1 + sT 10 VST
Kpss
1 + sT 2 1 + sT 4 1 + sT 11
Gain Stage LEAD-LAG Stages

MIN

Figure 6. Stabilizing parts of PSS of PSS2B model

3. STEADY-TRANSIENT STATE RESPONSES

MATLAB/Simulink has been used to run the modelled of the real case study, during three situations
of loads, (light load at p.f 60%, normal load at p.f 80% and heavy load at p.f 95%). Within these cases, will
suggest three options: i) Without (PSS) on the system (NO PSS), ii) With conventional PSS (CPSS), which
has only one input the active power, and iii) The modern PSS (PSS2B), which has two inputs the active
power input (Pe) and the rotor speed deviation input (dw).
Then noted the effected of the load case to the (PSS) performance through the response of the four
power system parameters (voltage terminal (vf), rotor speed deviation (dw), output active power (P eo), and
reactive power (Qeo) in pu). Modelled of power station was evaluated with free disturbance and under fault
(three phase fault 2 s) as shown Figures 7 to 30.

3.1. Performance of PPGS (NO fault and fault) at light load

Figures 7 to 14 demonstrate the response of various parameters at Peerdawd gas power station
(PPGS) under light load conditions with a power factor of 60%. The figures depict the behavior of voltage
terminal (Vf), rotor speed deviation (dw), output active power (P eo), and reactive power (Qeo) in per unit (pu)
during both fault and no-fault scenarios. These figures provide insights into the dynamic response of the
power system under different conditions, helping to analyze the performance and stability of the PPGS
during light load operation with a power factor of 60%.
Based on the provided information, Figures 7-14 illustrate the variations of different parameters (Vf,
dw, Peo, and Qeo) in the power system under normal and faulty conditions at light load, with a power factor of
60%. The analysis reveals that the presence of the power system stabilizer (PSS) has a detrimental effect on
the power system parameters during both steady state and transient state. In these scenarios, the system takes
longer to return to stability when the PSS is active compared to when it is not present. This indicates that the
PSS does not have a positive influence on the system's behavior, especially under light load conditions where

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the predominant load is inductive. The inductive load results in the power system absorbing more reactive
power during transient periods. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the PSS does not offer
significant benefits in improving the behavior or stability of the power system during light load conditions.

3.2. Performance of PPGS (NO fault and fault) at normal load

When the normal case occur, Based on the information you provided, it seems that the refers to a
specific type of power system stabilizer (PSS2B), which is a device used in power systems to enhance stability
and dampen oscillations. It is mentioned that the (PSS2B) performs better during fault conditions compared to
normal cases. During a fault, the (PSS2B) is able to detect the fault directly and quickly restore the system to
stability within a short period of time. It also helps in smoothing out oscillations during the transient duration
before and after the fault. The (PSS2B) is more active during fault conditions than during steady-state
conditions and the transient duration before the fault. It is also mentioned that the power system relies solely
on the excitation control system, which means that the power system stabilizer (PSS) has more activity during
disturbances. Figures 15 to 22 likely illustrate the behavior and performance of the (PSS2B) and its activity
during different operating conditions, including fault conditions. Overall, the (PSS2B) appears to be an
effective device for detecting faults, restoring stability, and dampening oscillations in power systems.

Figure 7. The (Vf) in pu during NO fault at light load

Figure 8. The (Vf) in pu during fault at light load

Figure 9. The (dw) in pu during NO fault at light load

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Figure 10. The (dw) in pu during fault at light load

Figure 11. The (Peo) in pu during NO fault at light load

Figure 12. The (Peo) in pu during fault at light load

Figure 13. The (Qeo) in pu during NO fault at light load

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Figure 14. The (Qeo) in pu during fault at light load

Figure 15. The (Vf) in pu during NO fault at normal load

Figure 16. The (Vf) in pu during fault at normal load

Figure 17. The (dw) in pu during NO fault at normal load

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Figure 18. The (dw) in pu during fault at normal load

Figure 19. The (Peo) in pu during NO fault at normal load

Figure 20. The (Peo) in pu during fault at normal load

Figure 21. The (Qeo) in pu during NO fault at normal load

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Figure 22. The (Qeo) in pu during fault at normal load

3.3. Performance of PPGS (NO fault and fault) at heavy load

At heavy load conditions, the presence of the power system stabilizer (PSS2B) leads to an
overcompensation of the active power system (Peo), resulting in increased oscillations during the transient
period before a fault occurs. However, the PSS2B effectively reduces the drop in reactive power during the
fault. During the fault condition, the PSS2B helps to smooth out the oscillations, as demonstrated in
Figures 23-30. These figures provide a visual representation of the system's response and highlight the role of
the PSS2B in mitigating oscillations and maintaining stability, particularly during heavy load conditions.

Figure 23. The (Vf) in pu during NO fault at heavy load

Figure 24. The (Vf) in pu during fault at heavy load

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2130  ISSN: 2088-8694

Figure 25. The (dw) in pu during NO fault at heavy load

Figure 26. The (dw) in pu during fault at heavy load

Figure 27. The (Peo) in pu during NO fault at heavy load

Figure 28. The (Peo) in pu during fault at heavy load

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Figure 29. The (Qeo) in pu during NO fault at heavy load

Figure 30. The (Qeo) in pu during fault at heavy load

4. CONCLUSION
The real case study conducted on the Peerdawod Gas Power Station yielded significant findings in
both steady state and transient state conditions. Firstly, it was observed that the power system stabilizer (PSS)
with two inputs, namely active power (Peo), and rotor speed deviation (dw), known as PSS2B, outperformed
the PSS with only one input, Peo (referred to as CPSS). Secondly, while the PSS is essential during high
disturbances, it can have adverse effects during steady state conditions, normal load fluctuations, and the
initial transient period. In such cases, relying solely on the excitation control system proves to be sufficient.
The type of load was found to have a substantial impact on the performance of the PSS in both
steady state and transient states. Specifically, for heavy loads with a power factor (PF) of 95%, the PSS2B
caused overvoltage after a fault. On the other hand, during light loads with a P.F of 60%, voltage drops were
observed during the transient period before and during the fault. However, during normal loads with a power
factor of (PF 75-80%), the PSS2B demonstrated excellent performance by swiftly restoring system stability
during high fault conditions, preventing system collapse within a short timeframe.
The parameters of the PSS in the Peerdawod gas power station (PPGS) are specifically set for
normal loads (PF 75-80%) during high disturbance faults. It is essential to use an intelligent program to select
the desired parameter values for the PSS based on the variation of load cases. Tuning the parameters of the
PSS is crucial and should be done considering the load type and other relevant circumstances within the
power system.
At PPGS, the parameter values (T1, T2, T3, T4, T10, T11) of the PSS2B are established for normal
load conditions (PF 75-80%) during high disturbance faults. Notably, the PSS2B remains inactive during
light load cases, leading to the system absorbing more reactive power before and during faults. Therefore, it
is necessary to fine-tune these parameters based on the prevailing power system conditions. In conclusion,
the case study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate PSS configuration, considering load
variations, and tuning the parameters accordingly. These factors play a vital role in ensuring optimal
performance and system stability, as observed in the scenario of the Peerdawod gas power station.
Impact of load variation on power system stability and performance of power … (Jawad Hamad Hameed)
2132  ISSN: 2088-8694

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Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 14, No. 4, December 2023: 2119-2133
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  2133

BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Jawad Hamad Hameed was born in in Saladin Iraq in June 1984. He has B.Sc.
Electrical Engineering 2006 from Tikrit University, MSc electrical and control Engineering
from the Arabic Academic for science and Technology University, Egypt at 2012. Now he is
lecturer at department of petroleum system control, Tikrit University, Iraq from 2016. He has
published several papers during the past years. Currently, he is a Ph.D. at Ecole Nationale
d’Ingénieurs de Gabès (E.N.I.G), University of Gabes, Tunisia. He can be contacted at email:
[email protected] or [email protected].

Wasan Adnan Hashim B.Sc. in control & systems engineering, M.Sc degree, in
Mechatronics Engineering from the Control & Computer Engineering Department, UOT,
Baghdad- Iraq. Her Ph.D. in Automatic Control and Automation was from the Aleppo
University-Republic of Syria co-operated with American University of Beirut AUB in 2012.
For the period, 2007-2012 Mrs. Wasan Adana Hashim was an assistant lecturer at Al-Mamoon
University for Technology, German Syrian University and Al Wadi International University
respectively in Syria. She was the head of computer Science Department at Bayan University/
Erbil- Iraq for the period 2014-2017, and then joined the Department of Computer technical
Engineering at Al-Qalam College, Kirkuk-Iraq till the year 2019 as a Head Department.
Currently, associate Professor, and head department of Medical Devices Technical
Engineering, Al Qalam university college, Kirkuk-Iraq. She has over 30 publications in
national and international venues and journals. She is a coach & Leader Manger of Education
program and Examiner, Supervisor of education program, trainer of TOT in Spark
Organization. She can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Nabil Derbel as born in Sfax (Tunisia) in April 1962. He received his engineering
Diploma from the Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax in 1986, the Diplôme d'Etudes
Approfondies in Automatic control from the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de
Toulouse in 1986, the Doctorat d'Université degree from the Laboratoire d'Automatique et
d'Analyse des Systèmes de Toulouse in 1989, and the Doctorat d'Etat degree from the Ecole
Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis. He joined the Tunisian University in 1989, where he held
different position involved in research and education. Currently, he is a full Professor (First
Class) of Automatic Control at the Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax. His current interests
include: optimal control, complex systems, robotic systems, power systems. He can be
contacted at email: [email protected] or [email protected].

Impact of load variation on power system stability and performance of power … (Jawad Hamad Hameed)