9
ICT
(For STE Program)
9
ICT
Quarter 3 – Module 6
SET NETWORK CONFIGURATION IN ACCORDANCE
WITH OPERATING SYSTEMS NETWORK
CONFIGURATION GUIDES
Prepared by:
FRITZIE S. ESTRADA
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
ICT 9
Quarter 3 – Module 6
SET NETWORK CONFIGURATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH
OPERATING SYSTEMS NETWORK CONFIGURATION GUIDES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• To identify the different protocols used in networking that govern how data are
sent, directed, received and interpreted
• To build and set up a Workgroup based Network using Windows 7
Professional OS
• To configure a computer network including the IP Address, Subnet Mask,
Workgroup and DNS Server
INFORMATION SHEET
PROTOCOLS AND LOCAL AREA NETWORK CONFIGURATION
Computer Communication Protocol
A computer communication protocol is a description of the rules computers must
follow to communicate with each other.
What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is the communication protocol for communication
betweencomputers on the network.
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP defines how electronic devices (like computers) should be
connected to the Internet, and how data should be transmitted
betweenthem.
Inside the TCP/IP standard there are several protocols for handling data communication:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication
betweenapplications
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication
betweenapplications
IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing
TCP is for communication between applications.
If one application wants to communicate with another via TCP, it sends a
communication request. This request must be sent to an exact address. After a
"handshake" between the two applications, TCP will set up a "full-duplex"
communication between the two applications. The "full-duplex" communication
will occupy the communication line betweenthe two computers until it is closed by
one of the two applications.
UDP is very similar to TCP, but simpler and less reliable
IP is Connection-Less
IP is for communication between computers.
IP is a "connection-less" communication protocol.
IP does not occupy the communication line between two
computers. IPreduces the need for network lines. Each line can be
used for communication between many different computers at the
same time.
With IP, messages (or other data) are broken up into small independent "packets"
and sent between computers via the Internet.
IP is responsible for "routing" each packet to the correct destination.
IP Routers
When an IP packet is sent from a computer, it arrives at an IP router. The IP
router is responsible for "routing" the packet to the correct destination,directly or via
another router.
The path the packet will follow might be different from other packets of the
samecommunication. The router is responsible for the right addressing, depending
ontraffic volume, errors in the network, or other parameters.
Communicating via IP is like sending a long letter as a large number of
smallpostcards, each finding its own (often different) way to the receiver.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together.
TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (i.e.
your browser) and your network software.
IP takes care of the communication with other computers.
TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP v before they are sent, and for
assembling the packets when they arrive.
IP is responsible for sending the packets to the correct destination.
TCP/IP Addressing
IP Addresses
Each computer must have an IP address before it can connect to the
Internet.
Each IP packet must have an address before it can be sent to
anothercomputer.
This is an IP address: 31.13.95.36
This might be the same IP address: www.facebook.com
TCP/IP Protocols
A Family of Protocols
TCP/IP is a large collection of different communication protocols based upon
thetwo original protocols TCP and IP.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCP is used for transmission of data from an application to the network.
TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are
sent,and for assembling the packets when they arrive.
IP - Internet Protocol
IP takes care of the communication with other computers.
IP is responsible for the sending and receiving data packets over the Internet.
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTP takes care of the communication between a web server and a
webbrowser.
HTTP is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web
server,returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client.
HTTPS - Secure HTTP
HTTPS takes care of secure communication between a web server and
a web browser.
HTTPS typically handles credit card transactions and other sensitive data.
SSL - Secure Sockets Layer
The SSL protocol is used for encryption of data for secure data transmission.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP is used for transmission of e-mails.
MIME - Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions
The MIME protocol lets SMTP transmit multimedia files including voice,
audio,and binary data across TCP/IP networks.
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
IMAP is used for storing and retrieving e-mails.
POP - Post Office Protocol
POP is used for downloading e-mails from an e-mail server to a personal
computer.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
FTP takes care of transmission of files between computers.
NTP - Network Time Protocol
NTP is used to synchronize the time (the clock) between computers.
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP is used for allocation of dynamic IP addresses to computers in a
network.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP is used for administration of computer networks.
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LDAP is used for collecting information about users and e-mail addresses
fromthe internet.
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMP takes care of error-handling in the network.
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
ARP is used by IP to find the hardware address of a computer network card
based on the IP address.
RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
RARP is used by IP to find the IP address based on the hardware address of a
computer network card.
BOOTP - Boot Protocol
BOOTP is used for booting (starting) computers from the network.
PPTP - Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
PPTP is used for setting up a connection (tunnel) between private networks.
DOMAIN NAMES
A name is much easier to remember than a 12-digit number. Names used for
TCP/IP addresses are called domain names, w3schools.com is adomain name. When
you address a web site, like http://www.cssnctwo.weebly.com, the name is
translated to a number by a Domain Name Server (DNS). All over the world, DNS
servers are connected to the Internet. DNS servers are responsible for translating
domain names into TCP/IP addresses. When a new domain name is registered
together with a TCP/IP address, DNSservers all over the world are updated with this
information.
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)
• a standard technology for managing the names of Web sites and other Internet
domains. DNS technology allows you to type names into your Web browser
like compnetworking.about.com and your computer to automatically find that
address on the Internet.
DNS SERVER
• any computer registered to join the Domain Name System. A DNS server runs
special-purpose networking software, features a public IP address, and
contains a database of network names and addresses for other Internet hosts.
• DNS servers communicate with each other using private network protocols. All
DNS servers are organized in a hierarchy. At the top level of the hierarchy, so-
called root servers store the complete database of Internet domain names and
their corresponding IP addresses. The Internet employs 13 root servers that
have become somewhat famous for their special role. Maintained by various
independent agencies, the servers are aptly named A, B, C and so on up to M.
Ten of these servers reside in the United States, one in Japan, one in London,
UK and one in Stockholm, Sweden.
Workgroup based Network using Windows 7 Professional OS
Windows 7 supports two types of network environments in which users can
share common resources – Workgroup based and Domain based Network
environments. A Workgroup is a logical grouping of networked computers that share
resources, such as files and printers. A Workgroup is also called a peer-to-peer
network because all computers in the workgroup can share resources as equals
(peers) without requiring a dedicated server. Each computer in the Workgroup
maintains a local security database, which is a list of user accounts and resource
security information for the computer on which it resides.
A Domain is a logical grouping of networked computers that share a central
security database, generally called directory database. The directory database
contains user accounts and security information for the domain.
Steps for configuring and setting up Windows7 Workgroup based Network
1. Configure three Systems With same Workgroup name and unique computer names
For example,
Workgroup Name – DCP Lab (for all three Systems)
Names for 3 PCs - System1, System2 & System3
At the time of installation, we can configure Computer Name and Workgroup Name.
If you want to change the Computer name and Workgroup name after installation
follow these steps.
a. Open Control Panel and double click on System tool
b. System Properties window appears. Select Computer Name Tab.
c. Click on Change button.
d. Enter the computer name.
e. Select Workgroup under Member of section and enter new Workgroup name and
click OK. Computer Name Changes window appears. Click OK.
f. Then restart the System.
2. Configure IP Address and Subnet Mask for each System as
System1 IP Address : 192.168.1.17 Subnet Mask :255.255.255.0
System 2 IP Address : 192.168.1.18 Subnet Mask :255.255.255.0
System 3 IP Address : 192.168.1.19 Subnet Mask :255.255.255.0
To configure IP address information,
1. Open Control Panel and select Network Connections applet
2. Right click on the corresponding connection under LAN or High-Speed Internet
section and select Properties from the pop-up menu.
3. From General Tab, select the item Internet Protocol Version (TCP/IPv4) and click
on Properties
4. Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties Window appears. Select Use the following
IP Address and enter IP Address and Subnet Mask for each System as mentioned
above and click OK twice.
How to Find DNS Server IP Address and Default Gateway under MS-Windows
Version 8/7/Vista/XP/NT/2003
• You can Click on Start button > Settings > Network connections
• Double click on Local Area Connection
• Click on Properties button
• Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Click on Properties button and Look for Preferred DNS Server:
(Note: As shown in the figure above.)
OR
• Click on Start button > Run > and Type command cmd > Press [enter] key
• At DOS prompt type the command:
C:\>ipconfig /all
You should DNS server IP address, and other information related to Windows
networking:
WORKSHEET
Direction: Search from the internet 10 Domain Names of web servers and their
corresponding IP Addresses or IP Address Ranges.
PERFORMANCE TASK
Direction: Draw a Local Area Network with 5 computers using Star Topology.
Using Class C IP Address (Private IP Address), assign an IP Address to each of
the computer and the default Subnet Mask (must be indicated in the drawing).
SELF-CHECK ACTIVITY
Direction: Identify the protocol referred to in each item.
1. takes care of transmission of files between computers.
2. used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web server,
returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client
3. used for allocation of dynamic IP addresses to computers in a network.
4. responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent,
and for assembling the packets when they arrive.
5. takes care of error-handling in the network
6. takes care of secure communication between a web server and a web browser.
7. used for transmission of e-mails.
8. used for booting (starting) computers from the network
9. used to synchronize the time (the clock) between computers
10. used for storing and retrieving e-mails.
REFERENCES
LAB MANUAL BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
CBLM in Computer System Servicing NC II, Fundamentals of Networking by Ismael
Manic Balana
