Contemporary Arts of the Philippines by the Regions

by Everydaynotes PH

Contemporary Arts of the

Philippines by the Regions
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 Contemporary Arts of the Philippines by the Regions
by Everydaynotes PH

CONCEPT OF CONTEMPORARY ● The means or instruments to make the works of

contemporary art are changing and new technologies
ARTS are used day by day.
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE ● It is influenced by Fauvism, Neoplasticism, and Cubism
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) FAUVISM
Lesson 1 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH ● style of painting that flourished in France around the
turn of the 20th century. Fauve artists used pure,
CONTEMPORARY ARTS brilliant color aggressively applied straight from the
paint tubes to create a sense of an explosion on the
CONTEMPORARY
canvas
● from medieval Latin contemporarius, from con- ● emphasizes the expressions of the self and emotions
‘together with’ + tempus, tempor – ‘time’ ● The colors used are strong and the content is symbolic.
● together with time ● It seeks to manifest the movement, and repetition of
ARTS objects on canvas.
● from Latin –Artem ‘skill’' that usually refers to the ● The art is avant-garde and surrealistic.
quality or expressions of what is beautiful or of great NEOPLASTICISM
significance ● from the Dutch ‘de nieuwe beelding’, neoplasticism
CONTEMPORARY ARTS AND MODERN ARTS basically means new art (painting and sculpture are
● Contemporary art is the art of today, produced by plastic arts). As a pure representation of the human
artists who are living in our time. It provides mind, art will express itself in an aesthetically purified,
opportunities to reflect on society and the issues that that is to say, abstract form
are important to us and the world. CUBISM
● It is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger ● was a revolutionary new approach to representing
contextual frameworks such as identity, family, reality invented in around 1907–08 by artists Pablo
community, and nationality. Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different
● Modern art is that which was created sometime views of subjects (usually objects or figures) together in
between the 1860s (some say the 1880s) and the late the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear
1960s (some say only through the 1950s). Art made fragmented and abstracted.
thereafter (e.g., conceptual, minimalist, postmodern,
feminist) is considered contemporary.
● This genre of art is believed to have started in the late
HISTORY TIMELINE OF THE
1960s by the end of the modernist art era. PHILIPPINE ARTS
● Characteristics: The most prominent feature of COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
contemporary art is the fact that it has no distinct
feature or a single characteristic. It is defined by the
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS)
artist’s ability to innovate and bring out a modern Lesson 2 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH
masterpiece.
CONCEPT OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS PRE-CONQUEST
● Started on 1970’s ● In art historical terms, pre-conquest refers to art before
● Contemporary Art initially grew along with Modernism the coming of the colonizers and in stylistic terms it
● When considering Contemporary Art, it can be difficult refers to indigenous art.
to define or describe any one common style. Artists WAS THERE ‘ART’ IN PRE-CONQUEST?
approach their work in a multitude of ways. A wide ● Art of the ancient Filipinos was woven into the fabric of
array of media and materials may be used to convey a everyday life.
wide array of concepts, themes, and subject matter. ● Everyday expressions were all integrated within rituals
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ART that marked significant moments in a community’s life.,
● It is based on abstract expressionism. like planting, and harvesting, rites of passage, funerary
● It has a heritage of artistic vanguards and seeks different ceremonies, and weddings.
forms of expression. ● Aside from Communal functionality indigenous art also
● It has bases coming from abstract art. paves its creative forms in pottery, weaving, carving,
● Its works are original, artistic and leave the mark of the metalwork (jewelries) and embody aesthetics.
author who makes them ● Literature – Oral Storytelling (hunting stories)
● Theater – form of rituals like the Mayvanuvanua (fishing
ritual) in Batanes, Canaõ (Kanayaw) animal sacrifice for
thanksgiving in Cordillera Autonomous Region, Kashawig

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 Contemporary Arts of the Philippines by the Regions
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ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting in Lesson 3 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH
Lake Lanao, Lambay, Pagbuyis and Runsay are
reenactments and rituals for their deities of Tagbanua in ● 1970 – Contemporary
Palawan. ○ The continuation of the Historical Timeline of
● Music and instruments – Kudyapi, kulintang, gong, the Philippine Arts
gansa, agong 70’S
● Dance – Pangalay (mimetic of the movements of
● During martial law (1972 to 1981), one of the first
seabirds from Sulu),Talip mimetic from the movements
orders of the president Ferdinand Marcos was to seize
of wild fowls, Kadaliwas a comedic movements of the
and control all privately owned newspapers, magazines,
monkeys of the T’boli and Tinikling in Luzon
television and radio stations, and other media
CARVING companies. Through his first Letter of Instruction, he
● Bulul in Cordillera effectively ended an era.
● Hagabi of Ifugao ● During this turbulent and heavily censored period,
● Okir of Southern Mindanao Philippine art and art publications flourished, supported
● Manunggul Jar in Palawan by Imelda Marcos through her various cultural
WEAVING initiatives. The former first lady recognized the
● Pis syabit – Tausug of Sulu importance of the arts as part of the nation’s
● Langkit of the Maranao of Lanao del Sur development and instituted a cultural policy based on
● Tepo mat of Sama in Tawi-tawi her ideals of the “goodness, truth, and beauty” of the
EMBODY AESTHETICS/ORNAMENTS Filipinos. Aware of the powerful role of cultural
● Tattoo production and media in the dissemination of
● Jewelries propaganda, she commissioned artists and writers to
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD cast the Marcoses as the heroic patrons of a Philippine
new society (Bagong Lipunan).
● The art forms from that period are referred to
● This vision was propagated and implemented through
stylistically and culturally as religious art, lowland
an art and culture program that combined the fine arts,
Christian art, or folk art.
architecture, interior design, tourism, convention city
● Baroque style was predominant (San Agustin Church in
buildings (hotels, theaters and coliseums), engineering,
Manila, Miag-ao in Iloilo, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte.
and urban planning. As an index of progress, refinement,
● Theater – Zarzuela, senakulo and komediya
radical experiment, national identity and love for the
● Dance – Cariñosa, pandanggo, polka, rigodon tango,
country, art was circulated through an intricate network
habanera
of instructions.
● Printmaking – Doctrina Christiana and Carta
● National pride was instilled by invoking the pre-modern
Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas
through murals, folk festivals, and museums devoted to
(first Scientific map of the Philippines)
collecting and displaying ethnographic artifacts and
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
natural specimens; the key sites were the National
● The new colonial government took charge of initiating Museums. The optimism toward a new beginning was
the natives into the American way of life, creating a articulated in the Levi Celerio and Felipe Padilla de Leon
lasting influence on Filipino culture. composition of new national anthem for the new society
● Literature and theater – playwrights and drama (Bagong Pagsilang)
simbolico (one-act plays came to represent a deep and
THE CCP (CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES)
profound yearning for freedom)
● Created on June 25, 1966 through the Executive Order
● Neoclassical architecture
30 and inaugurated in 1969 the year of the second term
● Newspaper printing
of Marcos. Leonardo Locsin, chief architect of Imelda
● School of fine arts
Marcos designed the modernist cantilevered building
JAPANESE OCCUPATION
described as a cross between the vernacular bahay kubo
● Genre paintings (shows normality of life) and art but minimalist structures.
● Golden Era of Philippine Literature
80’S SOCIAL REALISM (SR)
● Using various mediums, techniques, and styles SR is a
CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE form of protest art that exposes the sociopolitical issues
PHILIPPINES and struggles of the times. It differs from the other
realist approaches: it is conscious with its regard for the
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
oppressed and underrepresented masses.
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS)

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90’S DO IT YOURSELF (DIY) ● A recipient of the award, a National Living Treasure or

● When support from the state was practically non- Manlilikha ng Bayan is “a Filipino citizen or group of
existent, artists were empowered to initiate projects. Filipino citizens engaged in any traditional art uniquely
They broaden our knowledge and inspire us to seek Filipino, whose distinctive skills have reached such a
what and how Philippine contemporary art might high level of technical and artistic excellence and have
continue to mean something today. This varied range of been passed on to and widely practiced by the present
practices demonstrate that making an art artist’s studio generations in their community with the same degree of
is inseparable from cultural and research work. technical and artistic competence.”
● The studio extends to various sites- Classrooms, streets, HOW DOES ONE BECOME A “MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN”?
even cyberspace. Art is not just a “tool” or handmaiden To become a one, an individual or group candidate must:
to a certain ideology, advocacy, or purpose, but a ● Possess a mastery of tools and materials needed for the
methodology in itself, with specific and independent traditional, folk art and be a maker of works of
modes of seeing, doing and feeling from where the new extraordinary technical quality;
knowledge springs. ● Have consistently produced works of superior quality
over significant period;
● Have engaged in a traditional and folk art which has
FILIPINO ARTISTS’ ROLES AND
been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50)
THEOR CONTRIBUTION TO years;
CONTEMPORARY ARTS ● Command respect and inspire admiration of the country
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE with his character and integrity;
● Must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) other members of the community the skills in the
Lesson 3 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH traditional and folk arts for which the community has
become nationally known.
ARTISTS’ ROLES ● However, a candidate who, due to age or infirmity, has
● Filipino artists play a role in presenting and educating left him/her/them incapable of teaching further
the public about our history and identity. his/her/their craft, may still be recognized provided that
● In smaller cities, having local artists brings a sense of he/she/they must possess the qualifications as
pride to the community. It also sets examples for young enumerated above.
people who might be considering careers in the arts. AWARDEES (WEAVING)
Artists support their communities by teaching their art 1. Lang Dulay (1998) – T’nalak (T’boli/ Lake Sebu, South
and craft. Cotabato)
● artists make a visual record of the people, places, and 2. Salinta Monon(1998) – Inabal (Tagabawa Bagobo/
events of their time and place Bansalan, Mindanao) Davao del Sur
● artists help us to see the world in new or innovative 3. Darhata Sawabi (2004) – pis syabit (Tausug/Parang Sulu)
ways 4. Haja Amina Appi (2004) – mat weaving
● artists make functional objects and structures (buildings) (Sama/Tandubas, Tawitawi)
more pleasurable and elevate them or imbue them with 5. Magdalena Gamayo (2012) – inabel (Ilocano/Pinili,
meaning Ilocos Norte)
FILIPINO ARTISTS’ CONTRIBUTION TO CONTEMPORARY ARTS AWARDEES (LITERATURE AND PERFORMING ARTS)
THE CONTEMPORARY ART IN THE TRADITIONAL ART 1. Ginaw Bilog (1993) – Surat Mangyan and Ambahan
● The Philippine traditional art, though based on the long Poetry (Hanunoo Mangyan/ Mansalay, Oriental
standing, established practices has always been Mindoro)
contemporary in a sense that is being made now and it 2. Masino Intaray (1993) – Lyrical Poems (kulilal, Basal,and
persists as part of continuing performance of tradition bagit) and playing their accompanying Instruments; epic
GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (GAMABA) chanting and storytelling Pala’wan/Brookes Point,
● National Living Treasure Palawan
● One who creates for the country 3. Samaon Sulaiman (1993) – Playing Kudyapi
● Establishment of this award was on February 5, 1992 (Maguindanao/Mamasapano,Maguind anao)
through Republic Act. 7355 4. Alonzo Saclag (2000) – Playing Kalinga musical
● award is given to a person or a group of artists that is Instruments; dance patterns and movements associated
recognized by the Philippine government for their rituals (Kalinga/ Lubuagan Kalinga)
contributions to the nation’s cultural heritage

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5. Federico Caballero (2000) – chanting the sugidanon epic LUCRESIA R. KASILAG (1989)
of the Panay Bukidnon (Sulod Bukidnon/Calinog, Iloilo, ● Kasilag’s pioneering task to discover the Filipino roots
Panay Island) through ethnic music and fusing it with Western
6. Uwang Ahadas (2000) – Playing yakan musical influences has led many Filipino composers to
instruments (Yakan/ Lamitan, Basilan Island) experiment with such an approach. She dared to
AWARDEES (PLASTIC ARTS) incorporate indigenous Filipino instruments in orchestral
1. Eduardo Mutuc (2004) – Silver art Plating of religious productions
and Secular (Kapampangan/Apalit, Pampanga) ERNANI J. CUENCO (1999)
2. Teofilo Garcia(2012) – gourd casque making (Ilocano/ ● he wrote an outstanding and memorable body of works
San Quintin, Abra) that resonate with the Filipino sense of musicality and
which embody an ingenious voice that raises the
NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE aesthetic dimensions of contemporary Filipino music
PHILIPPINES LUCIO SAN PEDRO (1991)
● His civic commitment and work with town bands have
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
significantly contributed to the development of a civic
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) culture among Filipino communities and opened a
Lesson 5 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH creative outlet for young Filipinos.
ANTONIO J. MOLINA (1973)
● Among the various institutional awards and recognition ● Molina is credited with introducing such innovations as
instruments, the National Artist Award (NAA) bestows the whole tone scale, pentatonic scale, exuberance of
the highest form of recognition to Filipino artists for dominant ninths and eleventh cords, and linear
their significant contribution in the arts and letters. It counterpoints
shares the same prestige as the GAMABA and National FRANCISCO FELICIANO (2014)
Scientist Award.
● contributed to bringing the awareness of people all over
● The National Artist Award is the highest distinction
the world to view Asian culture as a rich source of
bestowed upon Filipino Artists whose body of work is
inspiration and a celebration of our ethnicity,
recognized by their peers and more importantly by their
particularly the Philippines. He brought out the unique
countrymen as a sublime expression of Philippine music,
sounds of our indigenous music in compositions that
dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film and media
have high technical demands equal to the compositions
arts, architecture and design.
of masters in the western world.
● These are artists who have promoted Filipino cultural
LEVI CELERIO (1997)
identity and dignity through their art. Administered by
● He made it to the Guinness Book of World Records as
the Cultural Center of the Philippines (Sentrong
the only person able to make music using just a leaf.
pangKultura sa Pilipinas) through proclamation no.1001
● A great number of his songs have been written for the
dated April 2 1972 by then President Ferdinand E.
local movies, which earned him the Lifetime
Marcos, the government of the Philippines confers the
Achievement Award from the Film Academy of the
award to deserving individuals as recommended by the
Philippines. Levi Celerio, more importantly, has enriched
Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and the National
Philippine music for no less than two generations with a
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
treasury of more than 4,000 songs in an idiom that has
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR MUSIC IN THE PHILIPPINES
proven to appeal to all social classes.
ANTONIO R. BUENAVENTURA (1988)
RAMON P. SANTOS (2014)
● He was also a conductor and restored the Philippine
● currently the country’s foremost exponent of
Army Band to its former prestige as one of the finest
contemporary Filipino music. He continues to shape a
military bands in the world making it “the only band that
legacy of modernity anchored on the values of
can sound like a symphony orchestra”.
traditional Asian music
JOSE MACEDA (1997)
JOVITA FUENTES (1976)
● Maceda’s research and fieldwork have resulted in the
● Her dream to develop the love for opera among her
collection of an immense number of recorded music
countrymen led her to found the Artists’ Guild of the
taken from the remotest mountain villages and farthest
Philippines.
island communities. He wrote papers that enlightened
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
scholars, both Filipino and foreign, about the nature of
Philippine traditional and ethnic music. FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1972)

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● This man is the country’s first ever National Artist. He is JEREMIAS ELIZALDE NAVARRO (1999)
known for infusing lighting technique into his works, ● He is famous as a versatile and expert painter and
making most of his designs bright and sunny. sculptor. In fact, he devoted four decades to visual arts.
CARLOS “BOTONG” FRANCISCO (1973) ANG KIUKOK (2001)
● Botong is the poet of Agono whose eye for structure, ● Ang Kiukok’s works show nationalist fervor and agendas
choice of color, and folk values are so distinct in his art. vital during the ‘60s.
GUILLERMO TOLENTINO (1973) JOSE JOYA (2003)
● This artist is a well-known UP School of Fine Arts ● This talented man is a painter and multimedia artist.
professor. He brought The Bonifacio Monument into Consequently, he shows the country’s landscapes and
life. He also designed the gold and bronze medals for authentic Filipino abstract idioms in his works.
the Ramon Magsaysay Award and did the seal of the BENEDICTO “BENCAB” CABRERA (2006)
Republic of the Philippines.
● A man who supported the dominance of drawing over
NAPOLEON ABUEVA (1976) the decorative in his craft. Also, he began his career in
● He is not only the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture the mid-sixties as a lyrical expressionist.
but also is the youngest recipient of this award. He also NATIONAL ARTIST FOR PERFORMING ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
used many forms of materials in his craft.
RAMON OBUSAN (2006)
VICTORIO EDADES (1976)
● Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group (ROFG), a company that
● Edades is tagged as the Father of Modern Philippine
reflects the culture of Filipinos in dance and music;
Painting. He is known for his dark and subdued shades in
performed dance productions and rituals from
his art pieces.
ethnolinguistic and indigenous groups including those
VINCENTE MANANSALA (1981) from the natives of Cordillera, the Bagobo, the Aeta, the
● He is an alumnus of the Fine Arts course at the Meranaw (or Maranao), and the T'boli
University of the Philippines. Indeed, his works mirror ALICE REYES (2014)
reality that reels on the verge of perception.
● founder of Ballet Philippines, country’s premiere ballet
CESAR LEGASPI (1990) dance company and professionalization of dance as a
● This artist is the Philippines’ first neo-realist. He indeed career
used the geometric technique in his daring-themed arts. FRANCISCA R. AQUINO (1973)
HERNANDO OCAMPO (1991) ● pioneer of the Philippine folk dances, the first Filipina to
● Ocampo is a self-taught painter. In particular, his arts be awarded national artist for dance and conducted
portray harsh social truths to give knowledge after the research on Filipino dances by visiting secluded districts
Second World War. and neighborhoods in the islands of Luzon
ARTURO LUZ (1997) LEONOR O. GOQUINGCO (1976)
● As a painter, a sculptor, and a designer for over 40 ● Mother of Philippine Theatre Dance, plays the piano,
years, he elevated the Filipino aesthetic vision through designs scene and costumes, sculpts, acts, directs,
serious expression dances, choreograph and pioneered the blending of folk
ABDULMARI IMAO (2006) dances and ballet
● Imao is a mentee of Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon LUCRECIA REYES-URTULA (1988)
Abueva. He is also a sculptor, painter, photographer, ● Dance Director of Bayanihan Philippine National Folk
and ceramist. Dance Company, the oldest dance company in the
FEDERICO ALCUAZ (2009) country choreographed creative dances based on her
● This artist is known for his acrylic and oil paintings. He impressive research on cultural dances
also draws in ink, water, and pencil. NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
FRANCISCO COCHING (2014) JUAN F. NAKPIL (1973)
● He is tagged as Dean of Filipino Illustrators. Also, he is ● is a pioneer and innovator in Philippine architecture. In
known as a master storyteller who used images and essence, Nakpil’s greatest contribution is his belief that
print. there is such a thing as Philippine Architecture,
LARRY ALCALA (2018) espousing architecture reflective of Philippine traditions
● Lastly, is a famous painter who brought lives to our and culture
men’s slice of life. His 58 years of cartooning brought life PABLO S. ANTONIO (1976)
to witty comic strips. ● pioneered modern Philippine architecture. His basic
design is grounded on simplicity, no clutter. The lines are

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clean and smooth, and where there are curves, these NESTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZALEZ (1997)
are made integral to the structure ● He won the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in
LEANDRO V. LOCSIN (1990) 1940, received the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in
● reshaped the urban landscape with a distinctive 1960 and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1990. The
architecture reflective of Philippine Art and Culture. He awards attest to his triumph in appropriating the English
believes that the true Philippine Architecture is “the language to express, reflect and shape Philippine culture
product of two great streams of culture, the oriental and and Philippine sensibility
the occidental… to produce a new object of profound EDITH TIEMPO (1999)
harmony.” ● She is an influential tradition in Philippine literature in
ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS, JR. (2006) English. She founded and directed the Silliman National
● distinguished himself by pioneering the practice of Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City, which has
landscape architecture–an allied field of architecture–in produced some of the country’s best writers.
the Philippines and then producing four decades of F. SIONIL JOSE (2001)
exemplary and engaging work that has included ● Its sheer volume puts him on the forefront of Philippine
hundreds of parks, plazas, gardens, and a wide range of writing in English. But ultimately, it is the consistent
outdoor settings that have enhanced contemporary espousal of the aspirations of the Filipino–for national
Filipino life. sovereignty and social justice–that guarantees the value
JOSÉ MARÍA V. ZARAGOZA (2014) of his oeuvre.
● is a pillar of modern architecture in Philippines VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO (2003)
buttressed by a half-century career that produced ● also known as Rio Alma, is a poet, literary historian and
ecclesiastical edifices and structures of modernity in the critic, who has revived and reinvented traditional
service of God and humanity Filipino poetic forms, even as he championed modernist
FRANCISCO T. MANOSA (2018) poetics.
● freedom to put into realization his vision of Philippine ALEJANDRO ROCES (2003)
Architecture inspired by the bahay kubo and the bahay ● is a short story writer and essayist, and considered as
na bato, “The Architecture of Francisco Mañosa, the country’s best writer of comic short stories.
foremost Filipino values, Philippine climate, and the use BIENVENIDO LUMBERA (2006)
of indigenous materials.”
● As a poet, he introduced to Tagalog literature what is
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES now known as Bagay poetry, a landmark aesthetic
AMADO VERA HERNANDEZ (1973) tendency that has helped to change the vernacular
● In his view, the function of the writer is to act as the poetic tradition.
conscience of society and to affirm the greatness of the LAZARO FRANCISCO (2009)
human spirit in the face of inequity and oppression. ● developed the social realist tradition in Philippine
JOSE GARCIA VILLA (1973) fiction. His eleven novels, now acknowledged classics of
● He is considered as one of the finest contemporary Philippine literature, embodies the author’s
poets regardless of race or language. commitment to nationalism
NICK JOAQUIN (1976) CIRILO F. BAUTISTA (2014)
● Regarded by many as the most distinguished Filipino ● is a poet, fictionist and essayist with exceptional
writer in English writing so variedly and so well about so achievements and significant contributions to the
many aspects of the Filipino. development of the country’s literary arts. He is
CARLOS P. ROMULO (1982) acknowledged by peers and critics, and the nation at
● Multifaceted career spanned 50 years of public service large as the foremost writer of his generation.
as educator, soldier, university president, journalist and NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR MEDIA ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
diplomat. It is common knowledge that he was the first ● Lamberto V. Avellana (1976)
Asian president of the United Nations General Assembly, ○ Theater and Film
then Philippine Ambassador to Washington, D.C., and ● Gerardo De Leon (1982)
later minister of foreign affairs. ○ Cinema
FRANCISCO ARCELLANA (1990) ● Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (1987)
● He pioneered the development of the short story as a ○ Theater and Music
lyrical prose-poetic form. A brilliant craftsman, his works ● Lino Brocka (1997)
are now an indispensable part of a tertiary-level-syllabi ○ Cinema
all over the country. ● Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (1997)
○ Theater

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● Rolando S. Tinio(1997) ● Prints and paintings are further classified as “two-

○ Theater & Literature dimensional” arts, because they include the surface or
● Daisy H. Avellana (1999) ground on which coloring substances are applied.
○ Theater MUSICIAN
● Ishmael Bernal (2001) ● musician – uses sound and instruments (including the
○ Cinema human voice)
● Eddie S. Romero (2003) MUSIC
○ Cinema & Broadcast Arts
● dancer – uses the body and its movements
● Salvador F. Bernal (2003)
● Dance is often accompanied with music, but there are
○ Theater Design
dances that do not rely on musical accompaniment to
● Fernando Poe Jr. (2006)
be realized.
○ Cinema
● Dance can tell stories, but the other times, they convey
● Manuel Conde(2009)
abstract ideas that do not rely on a narrative.
○ Film
THEATER ARTS
● theater artist – artist integrates all the arts and uses the
MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUES stage, production design, performance elements, and
APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY script to enable the visual, musical, dance and other
ARTS aspects to come together as a whole work
PHOTOGRAPHY
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
● photographer – uses the camera to record the moments
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) ● filmmaker – uses the cinematographic camera to record
Lesson 6 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH and put together production design, sound engineering,
performance, and screenplay
MEDIUM ● In digital photography and film, the images can be
● is defined as the material, or the substance out of which assimilated into the computer, thus eliminating the
a work is made. Through these materials, the artists need for celluloid or negatives, processing chemicals, or
express and communicate feelings and ideas print.
● also defines the nature of the art form TECHNIQUE
● The distinctive character or nature of the medium ● Is the manner in which artists use and manipulate
determines the technique. For example, stone is materials to achieve the desired formal effect, and
chiseled, wood is carved, clay is molded and shaped, communicate the desired concept, or meaning,
metal is cast, and thread is woven. according to his or her personal style (modern,
SCULPTURE neoclassic, etc.).
● uses metal, wood, stone, clay, and glass ● Technique involves tools and technology, ranging from
● fall within the category of “three-dimensional” arts the most traditional (for example carving, silkscreen,
because they occupy space and have volume analog photography, digital filmmaking, music
POTTERY production, industrial design, and robotics).
● a form of sculpture and other example of sculpture are
ritual objects and wood carvings ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF
ARCHITECTURE ART
● uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete and various
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
building materials
● Buildings are also called “three-dimensional” arts PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS)
because like sculpture, they occupy space and have Lesson 7 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH
volume. ELEMENT
PAINTING ● convey meaning, and express ideas and feelings
● painter – uses pigments (e.g., watercolor, oil, tempera, ● firmly rooted in psychophysical experiences in particular
textile paint, acrylic, ink, etc. ) on usually flat ground cultures, their values, their priorities, and the
(wood, canvas, paper, stone wall such in cave paintings) conventions
PRINTING LINE
● printmaker – uses ink printed or transferred on a surface ● associated with the body’s axis as it moves towards
(wood, metal plates, or silk screen) that is in keeping different directions and adjusts to a point of reference
with a duplicating or reproducing process

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through various positions and action, such walking, EMPHASIS

running, standing, sitting, etc. ● Main idea, the main focus, the thing your eye sees first.
● In visual arts, it also refers to the quality of the line, UNITY
whether thin, broken, thick, or blended among others.
● A similar element throughout a work of art that brings
When several lines come together, they create texture,
the parts together.
which can be very thin, washed or very thick, rough or
PROPORTION/SCALE
fine.
● Size of something compared to what is next to it
COLOR
● Is associated with our experiences of cold and warmth,
and the quality of light in our tropical environment, the
FORMS OF ARTS FROM
cycles of night and day, of darkness and light. DIFFERENT REGIONS
● One of its aspects is HUE (Hue refers to the origin of the COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
colors we can see. Primary and Secondary colors
(Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue, and Green) are
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS)
considered hues; however, tertiary colors (mixed colors Lesson 8 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH
where neither color is dominant) would also be
considered hues. LUZON
VALUE INABEL
● Refers to gradation of tone from light to dark, which can ● Inabel is a handwoven fabric made by Ilocanos which is
be an aspect of color, but could specifically refer to play more popularly known as “Abel Iloco”.
of light on an object or a scene. In representational ● It comes from the root word “abel” which means “to
paintings, it is the shading, blending, and chiaroscuro weave”. The word Inabel of Ilocanos literally means
(the play of light and dark) “woven”.
TEXTURE ● It is created by skilled artisans using traditional wooden
● Refers to how objects and surfaces feel, and is most looms.
associated with the sense of touch or tactility. ● It comes with different patterns inspired by nature.
SHAPE ● One of the most recognizable patterns of Inabel is
Binakol (also known as binakel, binakael, or binakul).
● Refers to forms that are two-dimensional or three-
Binakol (meaning “twill”) can be easily recognized by its
dimensional, shapes can either be geometric(rectilinear
interlocked geometric patterns which represent the
or curvilinear), biomorphic, or free inventions, stylized
waves of the sea that protects people from malevolent
and abstract.
spirits.
SPACE
PINA AND JUSI
● Refers to how these elements are organized and
● Piňa and jusi are the traditional fabrics in Batangas. In
composed according to principles, balance, proportion,
Taal, hand embroideries are characterized by smooth
rhythm, unity, dominance and subordination.
stitches, fine, composed of fine delicate shapes,
MOVEMENT
embossed, and durable.
● May occur in rhythm or through the recurrence of
BARONG
motifs, their alternation or progression unfolding in a
● an embroidered formal men’s wear in the Philippines,
series. Movement is also very much related to line, and
and it is the most versatile apparel on special occasions
the direction of the eye.
like weddings and formal affairs
PRINCIPLE
BURNAY
● represent how the artist uses the elements of art to
● locally known as tapayan or banga
create an effect and to help convey the artist’s intent
● is an earthenware jar crafted by a skillful potters with
PATTERN
the use of potter’s wheel and kiln
● Is a way of organizing and repeating in its shape or form. ● It is made by a grade- A clay and fine sand
They can be created with lines, shapes, and colors. ● commonly used for storage of water, grains, fermented
CONTRAST fish (bagoong), basi (sugarcane wine), salt, and other
● Differences in a work of art. light & dark, rough & condiments
smooth, curved line & straight. ● has small openings while those with bigger mouths are
BALANCE called wangging
● Is the distribution of the visual weight of objects in a LABBA
work of art. color, size, texture. ● bowl-shaped coil basket of Kalinga that is made from
finely split rattan and nito vine

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● used for carrying and storing rice or vegetables is closed. Window Panes made in capiz shells are
KALINGA’S TATTOOING considered as one of the most distinct and beautiful
● a form of art that is usually covering the chest and arms architectural details of old Philippine buildings.
● considered as a clothing and decorations of the Kalingas TINIKLING
BATOK ● “bamboo dance”
● a thousand – year tattooing tradition that uses ● The dance imitates the movement of the tikling birds as
indigenous materials like a charcoal mixed with water in they walk between grass stems, run over tree branches,
a coconut shell, a thorn of a citrus tree as a needle, a or dodge bamboo traps set by rice farmers
bamboo thorn holder, and a bamboo used to tap it ● Dancers imitate the tikling bird’s legendary grace and
BANGA speed by skillfully maneuvering between large bamboo
poles.
● The Banga or pot dance is a contemporary performance
of Kalinga of the Mountain Province in the Philippines. ESCOTIS
This dance illustrates the languid grace of a tribe ● popularly known in Capiz
otherwise known as fierce warriors. ● performed in any social gathering of the people
MAGLALATIK inhabiting the mountains of Capiz in the barrios of
● Maglalatik was originally performed in Biñan, Laguna as Tinpas and Panitan and also in the town of Panay
a mock-war dance that demonstrates a fight between MINDANAO
the Moros and the Christians over the prized latik or ● Balanghay The Balangay (formerly synonymous with
coconut meat during the Spanish rule, this dance is also Butuan boat) is a plank boat adjoined by a carved-out
shown to pay tribute to the town’s patron saint, San plank edged through pins and dowels. The balangay was
Isidro Labrador. the first wooden watercraft excavated in Southeast Asia
PANDANGGO SA ILAW and is evidence of early Filipino craftsmanship and their
● The word pandanggo comes from the Spanish dance seamanship skills during pre-colonial times.
“fandango”characterized by lively steps and clapping ● Vinta The vinta (locally known as lepa-lepa or sakayan) is
while following a varying ¾ beat. Pandanggo requires a traditional boat from the Philippine island of
excellent balancing skill to maintain the stability of three Mindanao. The boats are made by Sama-Bajau and
tinggoy, or oil lamps, placed on the head and at the back Moros living in the Sulu Archipelago, Zamboanga
of each hand. This famous dance of grace and balance peninsula, and southern Mindanao. It has a sail with
originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro. assorted vertical colors that represents the colorful
culture and history of the Muslim community. These
VISAYAS
boats are used for inter-island transport of people and
● is an indigenous Philippine rectangular or tube-like
goods.
wraparound skirt worn by both men and women of the
● Malong is a traditional “tube skirt” made of handwoven
Visayas islands and the Sulu Archipelago similar to the
or machine- made multi-colored cotton cloth, bearing a
Malong, or Sarong. It was also historically worn in parts
variety of geometric or okir designs.
of Luzon like Pampanga and Sorsogon
● Tanyak-Tanyak is a face painting custom unique to
● The pagpalpag or the hammering phase is gradually
Yakan tribal culture. Worn only for wedding ceremonies;
done by beating the bariw leaves against a flat stone
circles, spots and diamond patterns are printed on the
until they become soft and pliable with the use of a
skin using bamboo implements and a thick mixture of
wooden club known as sampok. In some cases, bariw
white flour and water. The patterns are said to have no
leaves are softened with an improvised roller log made
symbolic meaning but have been used for centuries as a
of tree or coconut trunk that works like a rolling pin.
form of cosmetic decoration long before commercial
Then follows the pagkulhad or the shredding of bariw
products were accessible.
leaves into a desired strand through the kurulhadan or
ITIK-ITIK
splicer; a wooden-based shredder. Pagkyupis is the
preparatory process to the weaving proper. Generally, ● The Itik-Itik is a dance from Surigao del Norte, in which
bariw strands are folded into halves. Every kyupis the movements of a duck are imitated. An itik is a
consists of four strands, folded together in pairs; species of duck.
horizontally and vertically, with the glossy brown color SINGKIL
in the outer surface. ● The Maranao dance called Singkil is in the repertory of
● The use of capiz shells in decorating homes started all Filipino dance troupes. In 1958 the Bayanihan Dance
during Spanish colonization. Houses during that time are troupe started with a simple version and has since
styled with sliding window panes that are made of capiz developed it into a theatrical and stylized spectacle to
shells rather than glass windows. Its translucent shade the point of its becoming the troupe's signature piece.
allows the sunlight to come in even though the window

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KANDINGAN fibers for sinamay, a loosely woven stiff material used

● Performed at Tausog weddings in Jolo, the Kandingan for textiles as well as in traditional Philippine millinery.
consists of figures and steps based on classical and BAMBOO
traditional Indian dance forms. Dancers perform with ● A giant woody grass that grows chiefly in the tropics,
slightly bent knees turned outward, fingers held stiffly where it is widely cultivated. The hollow jointed stem of
together with the thumb outward and apart. the bamboo plant, used as a cane or to make furniture
and implements.
● Bamboos are used for a great variety of purposes,
LOCAL MATERIALS USED IN
especially in East and Southeast Asia. The seeds of some
CREATING ART IN THE species are eaten as grain, and the cooked young shoots
PHILIPPINES of some bamboos are eaten as vegetables, especially in
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE Chinese cuisines. The raw leaves are a useful fodder for
livestock. The pulped fibers of several bamboo species
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) are used to make fine-quality paper.
Lesson 9 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH BURI
● Buri palm is the most stately and largest of the
LOCAL MATERIALS Philippine palms. Trunk is straight and erect, up to 1
● are the resources that can be found readily in large meter in diameter and 20 meters in height. Leaves are
quantities at a particular location or area at a certain large and fan-shaped, rounded in outline.
time. It could also be referred to as materials that can ● In the Philippines, buri trees, like the sago palm, are
be used to fabricate a finished element used as sources of starch made into starch balls called
● These materials however could be abundant in some landang. These are traditionally cooked into various
areas but not available in another. The availability may desserts and dishes, most notably the binignit.
largely be dependent on geographical location of the ● The leaves are often used for thatching or can be woven
area as well as the chemical and physical components of into baskets, etc. Three kinds of fibers, namely buri
such materials. (unopened leaf fibers), raffia (mature leaf fibers), and
IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL MATERIALS buntal (leaf petiole fiber), may be obtained from the
plant. The midrib of the leaves are also used for weaving
● The use of local materials and products is important to
hats in the Philippines known as calasiao hats.
create a sense of belonging, an emotional relationship
between our people and our spaces. This level of COCONUT
engagement makes people feel comfortable at work, ● It is one of the most useful trees in the world and is
having an impact on human well-being. often referred to as the “tree of life”.
● Using locally available resources for art helps in the ● It provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and
preservation of the environment. building materials, among many other uses.
● A significant and practical aspect of art is material ● The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the
significance. The items used by artists while making an coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of
art piece affects both the form and the material. Every the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics.
material delivers something special in the creative Coconuts are distinct from other fruits because their
process. endosperm contains a large quantity of clear liquid,
● Employing local materials has an advantage of reducing called coconut water or coconut juice.
the major environmental consequences of long-distance ● Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or
transport of materials. processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal
ABACA from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk.
Dried coconut flesh is called copra, and the oil and milk
● Musa textilis, is a species of banana native to the
derived from it are commonly used in cooking – frying in
Philippines grown as a commercial crop in the
particular – as well as in soaps and cosmetics. The hard
Philippines, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. The plant, also
shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used
known as Manila hemp, has great economic importance,
as material to make a variety of products for furnishing
being harvested for its fiber-extracted from the leaf-
and decoration.
stems.
● Abacá is also the traditional source of lustrous fiber RATTAN
hand-loomed into various indigenous textiles in the ● Rattan is a naturally renewable palm that grows in the
Philippines like t’nalak, as well as colonial-era sheer tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australasia, and is
luxury fabrics known as nipis. They are also the source of used for furniture, handicrafts, and building material
among others.

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● Rattan continues to be an invaluable part of rural THEME

people’s livelihoods in South and Southeast Asia ● the fundamental and often universal ideas of artworks
● Because it is light, durable and relatively flexible, rattan ● it is the deeper message a certain artworks wants to
is used for a range of purposes: depict
○ Food: The inner core as well as the shoot of ● are usually about life, society and human nature
some of the rattan species is edible. ● stated as an issue and something to be argumentative
○ Furniture: Furniture is the main end product (claim) which is always dependent on the artist
of rattan. ● You do not have to work in a theme but all of your work
○ Shelter: Rattan is an approved material for must have ideas that back it up.
house building in rural areas ○ Use these themes as a jumping off point to
○ Handicraft: Handicraft, besides furniture, develop one or a series of artworks.
provides the main income of the rattan ● It refers to what connects subjects to their social milieu,
industry. and there are many ways of determining the theme of
● The skin of rattan strands is peeled off and used for an artwork. At the most obvious and surface level, we
weaving, while the “core” of the rattan can be used for note its initial data: title, artist, medium, dimension and
various purposes in furniture making (wicker). the year it was made. Beyond this initial data are text,
● Some rattan fruits exude a red resin called dragon's images, and allusions and symbols that clue us in to the
blood. This resin was once considered to have medicinal social and historical contexts referred to. It is at this
properties and was also used as a dye for violins. level of symbolism and allegory that the thematic plane
operates.
SUBJECT MATTER AND THEMES ● Themes go beyond the literal, the data on the artwork
and what we see at the surface level with our senses. It
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE
is at this point when form and the contexts come
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) together to help us interpret the works and identify
Lesson 10 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH their themes, which may range from ecology, to
identity, migration, globalization, religion and
SUBJECT MATTER spirituality, and political economy. Issues of power come
● refers to what they are all about into play, not just in the larger contexts, but in the art
● If there is an image, we identify that image and world itself. The insights that we gain, and the questions
recognize how it is presented. The image may be we ask will result from our own research and keen
representational or figurative, which means the image is observation, but it may also be “colored” by our own
drawn from the world around us. lenses and points of view.
● If it is abstract, non-representational or non-figurative, it HEROES AND LEADERS
does not have a recognizable subject, such as a tree, or
face, or object. Its subject is its form and elementsꟷ its
texture, color, composition, shape or movement, among
others.
● Subject matter answers the question “What do we see,
hear, taste or touch?” Using our senses is the initial step,
it requires keen and diligent observation, not just of the
image, but how it is presented and if there is no image,
how the formal elements are deployed.
SIX MAIN SUBJECTS
1. still life - a collection of inanimate objects arranged
together in a specific way
2. landscape - natural scenery such as mountains, cliffs,
rivers, etc
3. nature - a focused view or interpretation of specific
natural elements
4. portraiture - an image of a particular person or animal,
or group thereof
5. abstract - a non-representational work of art
6. day of the dead - a Mexican holiday with a vibrant
artistic tradition

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 Contemporary Arts of the Philippines by the Regions
by Everydaynotes PH

FREEDOM AND SOCIAL CHANGE IDENTITY

CONFLICT AND ADVERSITY

SPIRITUALITY

HUMANS AND ENVIRONMENT

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 Contemporary Arts of the Philippines by the Regions
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EVERYDAY LIFE independent choices. This does not necessarily mean

that these choices will be devoid of external influences,
but rather that the decisions are made in full recognition
of their meaning. Every human being has a right to
freedom, which can refer to physical freedom as well as
mental freedom. Physical freedom is whereby the
movement of an individual is not restricted, whereas
mental freedom is whereby the thoughts of an
individual are not restricted. Right to knowledge and
education are examples of mental freedom, whereas
right to movement and associations are examples of
physical freedom. Freedom and Liberty are in some way
synonymous, whereby Liberty refers to the collective
rights that an individual has whereas freedom refers to
the ability of the individual to make decisions
independently.
● Social change in the broadest sense is any change in
social relations. Viewed this way, social change is an
ever-present phenomenon in any society. A distinction is
sometimes made between processes of change within
the social structure, which serve in part to maintain the
structure, and processes that modify the structure.
These themes are the persistence of evolutionary
THEMES
thought, structural differentiation and cultural change,
COR 12 (CONTEMPORARY ARTS OF THE theories of modernity, modernity and new forms of
PHILIPPINES BY THE REGIONS) social movements, modernity and social inequality, and
Lesson 11 | 1st Semester | Everydaynotes PH international and global themes.
CONFLICT AND ADVERSITY
HEROES AND LEADERS ● Simply put, thematic conflict is an implied battle of
● Themes are ideas that run through a text. In Heroes, the ideas. While pursuing their respective goals, characters
themes of war and heroism; appearances and disguise; (protagonist vs antagonist) can represent opposing
loneliness and isolation; and guilt and forgiveness are philosophies and incompatible worldviews concerning
explored. A hero is someone who does good and the story’s main theme.
courageous things for other people without being asked ● Adversity is a state or instance of serious or continued
to do them. A hero is someone who has a strong sense difficulty or misfortune. Overcoming adversity can be
of justice and goodness and acts upon that sense. everywhere and anywhere, from real life to books to
● The theme for leadership shows the art of achieving movies, it's everywhere. This book has a lot of themes,
progress through the involvement and actions of others. but overcoming adversity stands out even more than
Great leaders combine a leadership mindset and written any of the other themes.
leadership philosophy with strong people leadership HUMANS AND ENVIRONMENT
skills and a results-oriented focus. Successful great ● This theme considers how humans adapt to and modify
leaders apply the skills of adaptability, motivation, the environment. Humans shape the landscape through
coaching, focus, collaboration, decision-making, their interaction with the land, which has both positive
communications, and personal development to both and negative effects on the environment.
themselves and the people they lead. Strong great IDENTITY
leaders leverage the emotions of passion, enthusiasm, ● Identity is the way we perceive and express ourselves.
self-satisfaction, trust, and loyalty to drive creativity, Factors and conditions that an individual is born with—
thinking, innovation, energy, and buy-in to strategies, such as ethnic heritage, sex, or one’s body—often play a
tactics, and activities in pursuit of clearly stated goals role in defining one’s identity. However, many aspects of
and objectives. a person’s identity change throughout his or her life.
FREEDOM AND SOCIAL CHANGE People’s experiences can alter how they see themselves
● Before addressing the specific topic, however, the or are perceived by others. Conversely, their identities
concept of Freedom and Liberty has to be defined. also influence the decisions they make: Individuals
Freedom refers to the capacity for an individual to make choose their friends, adopt certain fashions, and align

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 Contemporary Arts of the Philippines by the Regions
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themselves with political beliefs based on their COURAGE TO BE AND ACT

identities. Many artists use their work to express, ● Faith calls us to live boldly, to share our authentic selves
explore, and question ideas about identity. In other with the world. It isn’t always easy, but it’s worth it.
words, it's basically who you are and what you define Resources about courage, vulnerability, security and risk
yourself as being. The theme of identity is often CREATIVITY AND IMAGINATION
expressed in books/novels or basically any other piece
● Anything genuinely new is only possible through acts of
of literature so that the reader can intrigue themselves
imagination. How do you create? Rescues for
and relate to the characters and their emotions.
awakening, creation, rebirth and possibilities.
SPIRITUALITY
LIVING WITH PURPOSE
● Spirituality involves the recognition of a feeling or sense
● What are you here for? What does your life mean?
or belief that there is something greater than myself,
Some questions are better answered with actions than
something more to being human than sensory
with words. Resources to help with your quest, for living
experience, and that the greater whole of which we are
faith, prayer and salvation.
part is cosmic or divine in nature.
MYSTERY AND WONDER
● An opening of the heart is an essential aspect of true
● Whatever your views may be on God, we all are
spirituality.
surrounded by unsolvable mysteries and indescribable
● Love and Loss. Awe and wonder. Journeys and home.
wonders that call us to respond with openness to what
The events of our lives and our spiritual curiosity lead us
is and can be. Resources about grace, transcendence,
to ponder topics close to our hearts. Here are some
God, signs and wonders.
spiritual themes, you will find a wide range of spiritual
resources to expand your perspective and enrich your EVERYDAY LIFE
search for meaning. ● A general category for artworks that depict ordinary
CHALLENGE AND TRANSFORMATION people whether documented or staged in everyday life.
● When we are willing to let go of what we know, it is Everyday life, daily life or routine life comprises the ways
possible to live into what we yet can be. Resources for in which people typically act, think, and feel on a daily
transformation, change, brokenness and beginnings basis. Everyday life may be described as mundane,
routine, natural, habitual, or normal

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