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 GST 102
PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC

PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. The root meaning of Philosophy is ……… (A) Wise love (B) Wisdom friendly (C) Wisdom
lover (D) Wisdom friendship
2. What is fatalism? (A) The belief that everything has a cause (B) The view that human beings
do not have the power to change the course of events (C) The view that nothing happens without
a cause (D) The belief that reality is mechanistic

3. The concept of justice in Platonism consists of ……… (A) Doing the right and commendable
thing (B) Goodness and uprightness (C) Promoting general interest or will (D) A situation where
people of various classes limit their activities to the function prescribed by the state.
4. Ethics is defined as the systematic study of the basic principles underlying ……… (A)
Corruption (B) Elections (C) Morality (D) None of the above
5. Aristotle says that the respective goals of theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge are
……… (A) Essence and existence (B) A priori and a posterior (C) Truth and action (D) Theory
and practice.

6. The view which holds that the facts and phenomena of the universe are sufficiently explicable
in terms of the existence and the nature of matter alone is called ……… (A) Idealism (B)
Materialism (C) Rationalism (C) Rationalism (D) Empiricism
7. Knowledge in epistemology is contrasted with ……… (A) Art and technique (B) Opinion and
technique (C) Art and reality (D) Belief and opinion
8. To say that man is the measure of all things means according to Protagoras that: (A) Man
knows everything in reality (B) Man determines what is true or false (C) Man is a scientist (D)
man measures the length and breadth of things

9. The realist theory of meaning says that the meaning of a linguistic expression is: (A) The
physical object referred to (B) The idea of image in mind (C) An abstract being (D) Its use in a
linguistic context
10. The Use Theory of meaning says that the meaning of a linguistic is ……… (A) A physical
object referred to (B) The idea or image in the mind (C) Its function or use in a linguistic context
(D) An abstract eternal being
11. Epistemology is the same as ……… (A) Human knowledge (B) Theory of knowledge (C)
The study of what is (D) A belief or conjecture
12. The central idea of the Averroes-Thomistic tradition of Philosophy is ……… (A) I believe so
that I may understand (B) I believe so that I may reason well (C) I believe so that I may not
reason well (D) I believe so that I may not understand

13. Who said Philosophy deals with clarification and language analysis? (A) Paul Feyerabend
(B) Karl Popper (C) Ludwig Wittgenstein (D) David Hume

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14. Philosophy is difficult to define because (A) It is about the revealed truth of God (B) It has
no specific subject matter (C) It is argumentative (D) It is normative

15. Normative ethical approach has to do with ……… (A) The analysis of the meanings and
signification of ethical terms (B) The application of known theories of normative ethics ro
particular moral issues (C) The study of right or wrong actions (D) The general norms or
principles, which ought to guide human conduct
16. Rationalism as opposed to empiricism, is the Philosophical view that ……… (A) Reason and
universal ideas and categories are the ultimate source of prior knowledge (B) Sense perception is
the source of human knowledge (C) Reason plays a complementary role in the attainment of
human knowledge (D) Human knowledge is sense-based
17. The empiricist slogan is ……… (A) Nothing is to be found in the intellect, which was not
first located in the brain (B) Nothing is to be found in the intellect, which was not first located in
the senses (C) Nothing is to be found in the intellect which was not first located in the mind (D)
Nothing is to be found in the intellect which was not first located in the Lord

18. The two philosophers who first meted the idea of a calculating machine are ……… (A) G. E.
Moore and T. Hobbes (B) B. Pascal and G. W. Liebniz (C) G. W. F. Hegel and W. Wiredu (D)
W. V. O. Quine and Rene Descartes
19. What characteristics do C. D. Board identify with philosophy? (A) Art and Technique (B)
Critical and speculative (C) Wisdom and Truth (D) Reason and Reflection
20. The central idea of the pragmatic tradition of philosophy is ……… (A) I believe so that I
may understand (B) I believe so that I may reason well (C) I believe so that I may not reason
well (D) That we should decide the truth of a belief by its utilitarian value

21. Who said philosophy deals with conjectures and refutations? (A) Paul Feyerabend (B) Karl
Popper (C) Ludwig Wittgenstein (D) David Hume
22. Determinism is the view that: (A) Reality is transcendental (B) What will happen will happen
(C) Everything is destined for an end (D) Everything is caused
23. Who said that although philosophy originated in the Greek language, the practice of
philosophy started in ancient Egypt? (A) J. Maritain (B) P. Bodurin (C) A Echekwube (D) I.
Onyewuenyi
24. Who said that the value of philosophy is to be sought in its very uncertainty? (A) A. J. Ayer
(B) K. Popper (C) B. Russell (D) P. Feyerabend
25. Who said defined ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with rightness or wrongness of
human action with moral obligation, principles of morality and their justification? (A) T. Hobbes
(B) J. Locke (C) Brostein (D) A. Echekwube
26. Categorical propositions are related in different ways, identify the relationship between A & I
(A) Quality (B) Quantity (C) Distribution (D) None
27. Symbolic logic is intended to eliminate one of the following (A) Argument (B) Principles (C)
Ambiguity (D) Logic
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28. Logic is defined as the science of reasoning because it is interested in one of the following
(A) Psychological concern (B) Rational justification (C) Metaphysical concern (D) Theological
concern
29. The truth-functional value that is only false when the antecedence is true and the
consequence is false is identified as ……… (A) Biconditional (B) Material implication (C)
Negation (D) Disjunction
30. Identify the number of categorical propositions you were taught (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
31. The process through which an argument can be derived is known as ……… (A) Systematic
logic (B) Proposition (C) Conjunction (D) Inference
32. Who is the author of classical logic? (A) Whitehead (B) Socrates (C) Plato (D) Aristotle
Identify the fallacy committed in questions 33-35
33. Do you promise to stop cheating in exams? (A) Argumentum ad Miscericordiam (B) Accent
(C) Complex Question (D) Bacculum
34. You either buy GST Text Book or you carry over the courses (A) Argumentum ad Bacculum
(B) Argumentum ad Verecundiam (C) False cause (D) Converse Accident
35. I like wearing trousers because it is what majority of girls wear. (A) Argumentum ad
populum (B) Argumentum ad Ignorantism (C) Argumentum ad Verecudiam (D) Argumentum ad
Hominem
36. When a general rule is applied to a particular case whose circumstances render the rule in
applicable, the fallacy generated is ……… (A) Fallacy of Division (B) Converse Accident (C)
Fallacy of Accent (D) Fallacy of Accident
37. The conjunction of mood and figure generates ……… (A) Argument (B) Form (C)
Syllogism (D) Logic
38. Formal logic is said to correspond with ……… (A) Argument (B) deductive (C0 Inductive
(D) Informal logic Use the argument below to answer question 39 (1) 1 > J (2) J > K (3) L > M (
39. Determine the rule from which line ‘5’ is derived (A) Addition (B) Modus ponens (C)
Simplification (D) Conjunction
40. Where can you locate a minor term? (A) Constructive Dilemma (B) Destructive Dilemma
(C) Conjunction (D) Absorption
41. How many terms are in every categorical syllogism? (A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
42. ……… denote anything that causes an argument to go wrong (A) Disagreement (b) fallacy
(C) Debate (D) Dispute
43. Where can you locate a major term? (A) Predicate-term of a conclusion (B) Subject-term of a
conclusion (C) First premise (D) Second premise

44. What is the symbol for the logical connective “if ………

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45. The placement of the middle term determines it’s ……… (A) Content (B) Conclusion (C)
Figure (D) Form

46. When information is explicative, it means such information is ……… (A) Deductive (B)
Inductive (C) Fallacious (D) All of the above Symbolize questions 47-48
47. If Edgar lodges a complaint, then Fulton will investigate and Greville will be disqualified.
(A) p > q . r (B) p > (q . r) (C) (p>q).r (D) p > q v r
48. John and Andrew are friends if and only if they are seen
49. Which of the categorical propositions distributes only the predicate-term? (A) O (B) E (C) A
(D) I
50. The soundness of a deductive argument is determined by its ……… (A) Form (B) Validity
(C) Structure (D) Content
51. The legal maxim “audi alterem partem” relates to ……… (A) The right to life (B) The right
to fair hearing (C) The right to freedom of expression (D) The right to freedom of movement
52. Rules and regulations have the force of law when they are backed by ……… (A) Customs
(B) Sanction (C) Morals (D) Loyalty
53. The Apex court in Nigeria is ……… (A) The Court of Appeal (B) The Federal High Court
(C) Magistrate Court (D) The Supreme Court
54. Which of the following is a classification of law? (A) Public and Criminal law (B) Public and
Contract law (C) Criminal and Civil law (D0 Private and Criminal law
55. The directive on Nigerian Culture is provided for under ……… (A) Section 1 of the CFRN,
1999 (B) Section 17 of the CFRN, 1999 (C) Section 21 of the CFRN, 1999 (D) Section 10 of the
CFRN, 1999
56. EFCC means ……… (A) Export and Fiscal Control Commission (B) Exemption and
Financial Control commission (C) Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (D) Economic
Funds Control Commission
57. Trespass to person consists of ……… (A) Assault and battery (B) Assault, battery and false
imprisonment (C) Battery and false imprisonment (D) False imprisonment and assault
58. Qualifications for Governor of a state are provided for under ……… (A) S. 131 of CFRN,
1999 (B) S. 305 of CFRN, 1999 (C) S. 1777 of CFRN, 1999 (D) S. 318 of CFRN, 1999
59. In criminal law, the state accepts responsibility for ……… (A) Workmen wages (B)
Detection, prosecution and punishment of offenders (C) Provision of procedure and the courts
for resolving dispute (F) Establishment of compensation commissions
60. Search of persons, premises and things is available to ……… in Nigeria. (A) Accused (B)
Magistrate (C) Police (D) Lawyers

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61. A good example of an inferior court of record in Nigeria is ……… (A) The Supreme Court
(B) The Court of Appeal (C) The High Court of a State (D) The Magistrate

62. The two types of nuisance commonly known are ……… (A) Civil and Public (B) Public and
Private (C) Private and Civil (D) Public and Neutral
63. The Code of Conduct for public officers is to guide against ……… (A) Contempt of Court
(B) Corruption (C) Mutiny and insubordination (D) Public nuisance
64. The right to dignity of the human person is provided for in ……… of the Nigerian
constitution. (A) Section 33 (B) Section 34 (C) Section 35 (D) Section 36

65. The law of property is concerned with ……… (A) Restraint of deviant in society (B) The
right which may arise in relation to anything that can be owned (C) The relationship between the
state and its citizen (D) The relationship between individuals and government agencies
66. Carlil v. Carbolic Smokeball Co. is a case which illustrates (A) Formal contract (B)
Unilateral contract (C) Simple contract (D) Express contract
67. Law can be regarded as ……… (A) An instrument of chaos and anarchy. (A) An instrument
of change (C) An instrument of social engineering (D) An Instrument of freedom
68. Bail is a right of ……… (A) An accused person (B) The police (C) The governor (D)
Attorney-General
69. A pubic officer desirous of being elected as Governor of a state must resign, retire of be
withdrawn from service of least ……… days before the date of his election (A) 90 days (B) 30
days (C) 60 days (D) 21 days
70. The enforcement of beach of one’s fundamental right can be exercised in ……… (A) A High
Court (B) A Federal High Court (C) Both a High Court and Federal High Court (D) None of the
above
71. Ownership is ……… (A) Abandonment of right to property (B) Insecurity of property (C)
The greatest right that a person can have in relation to property conversion of property
72. Marriage in Nigeria may be ……… (A) Only monogamous (B) Both monogamous and
polygamous (C) Either monogamous, polygamous or polyandry (D) Polyandry or polygamous
73. Donoghue V. Stevenson is notorious for which of the following principles of Law ………
(A) Assault on victim (B) Duty of care (C) Rule of law (D) Consensus ad idem
74. The act that fused the administration of the common law and equity in England is known as
……… (A) The Admixture Acts of 1854 – 1857 (B) The common law fusion Acts of 1861-1864
(C) The Judicature Acts of 1873-1875 (D) The Equitable Jurisdiction Act of 1872-1874
75. The constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 has ……… (A) Schedule to it. (A)
Nine (B) Five (C) Seven (D) Three
76. Ignorance is regarded as the absence of ……… (A) In one capable of knowledge. (A)
Understanding (B) Influence (C) Wisdom (D) Knowledge
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77. An example of perfective good is ……… (A) good clothes (B) Food (C) Car (D) Handbag
78. The sacredness of life is an argument put forward by the ……… (A) Feminist (B) Legality
(C) the Conservatives (D) None of the above
79. Vincibility and non-vincibility concerns ……… (A) Pseudo-knowledge (B) Ignorance (C)
Knowledge (D) No idea
80. It is ……… that ethical discourse has more than natural dimension. (A) False (B) Not sure
(C) Uncertain (D) True
81. Beings that are irrational cannot be held culpable for an immoral act. (A) It is a lie (B) Very
true (C) Relative (D) We were not taught
82. Social justice is concerned with the relationship between the ……… part and social ………
(A) Unwholesome/dignity (B) Social/depend (C) Social/whole (D) All of the above
83. American Initiatives to Discourage Sex is the meaning of AIDS. (A) True (B) Yes (C) False
(D) I’m not sure
84. Introduction of moral studies is to help inculcate in the students, useful moral principles. (A)
False (B) No idea (C) We were not taught (D) True
85. Acts which are involuntary, proceeding from the will together with sufficient knowledge of
the purpose of the act is called ……… (A) Inhuman act (B) Acts of man (C) Human acts (D) All
of the above
86. The continuous practice of an act makes such become a ……… (A) Habit (B) Effort (C)
Professional (D) Literate

87. ……… was highly respected in African traditional morality. (A) Stealing (B) Witchcraft (C)
Rape (D) Virginity
88. Any detrimental acts in African peaceful co-existence is regarded as ……… act. (A) Moral
(B) Useful (C) Immodest (D) Immoral
89. The attempt to establish a common and peaceful social life forms the foundation of ………
(A) Poverty in Africa (B) Cultism (C) African moral values (D) All of the above

90. The study of the basic principles underlying morality is ……… (A) Logicality (B) Ethics (C)
Metaphysics (D) Epistemology
91. A man’s irascibility could be controlled by ……… (A) Fortitude (B) Justice (C) Habit (D)
Prudence
92. There is the un-natural in natural evil. (A) False (B) True (C) True and False (D) No idea
93. When one’s feelings determine the decisions that are taken in life, such falls within ………
(A) Egoism (B) Emotivism (C) Voluntarism (D) Ethics

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94. The motion away from sensible evil is called ……… (A) Power (B) Sin (C) Fear (D)
Agoraphobia

95. Concupiscence is the motion towards ……… (A) Sensible evil (B) Sensible good (C)
Sensible talk (D) None of the above
96. The new trend of ‘I will hammar’ negates the virtue of ……… (A) Prostitution (B) Robbery
(C) Diligence (D) 419
97. What is morally praise-worthy in society ‘A’ may be otherwise in society ‘B’. This is
referred to as ……… (A) Ethical universality (B) Ethical egoism (C) Ethical relativism (D) All
of the above
98. It has been suggested that African hospitality is to be cherished but with ……… (A) Caution
(B) Sincerity (C) Conscience (D) Moderation
99. “The bprivation of good that ought to be there” is the definition of evil credited to ………
(A) St. Bonaventure o(B) St. Valentine (C) St, Aquinas (D) Augustine of Hippo
100.A woman with ectopic pregnancy may be morally justified to carry out abortion because it is
……… (A) A perfect good (B) A useful good (C) Superbly good (D) Unconditionally good

ANSWERS
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B
18. B 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. D 32.
D 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. A
47. C 48. B 49. A 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. C 61.
D 62. B 63. B 64. B 65. B 66. B 67. C 68. A 69. B 70. C 71. C 72. B 73. B 74. C 75. C
76. D 77. B 78. C 79. B 80. D 81. B 82. C 83. C 84. D 85. C 86. A 87.D 88. D 89. C 90.
B 91. A 92. A 93. B 94. C 95. A 96. C 97. C 98. A 99. D 100. B GST 102 2012/2013

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 PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. The two most probable persons to use the word ‘philosophy’ are: (A) Socrates and Plato
(B) Socrates and Aristotle (C) Socrates and Pythagoras (D) Socrates and Mellitus
2. The approach to philosophical problems which diverts attention from the classical ways of
doing philosophy is best expressed in? (A) Metaphysics (B) Epistemology (C) Existentialism
(D) Ethics
3. In the Averroes Thomistic tradition, “Credo ut intellegam” means? (A) I believe so that I
may see (B) I believe so that I may be faithful (C) I believe so that I may succeed (D) I
believe so that I m ay understand
4. The aim of practical knowledge is: (A) Action (B) Motion (C) Truth (D) Reality
5. Philosophy is a wholly critical enterprise. This is according to ……… (A) W. James (B)
G. E. Moore (C) A. J. Ayer (D) John Locke
6. Materialism is best defined as: (A) Reality is explicable in terms of idealism. (B) Reality is
wholly spiritual (C) Reality is inexplicable in terms of the existence of matter (D) Reality is
explicable in terms of the existence an nature of matter alone
7. The principal proponent of the Use Theory of Meaning: (A) George Berkeley (B) (B)
David Hume (C) C. S. Peirce (D) Ludwig Wittgenstein
8. Speculative philosophy consists in: (A) Analysis (B) Reasoning (C) Argumentation (D)
Conjectures
9. To argue that philosophy is normative is to accept the position that: (A) Philosophy is
concerned with what ought to be (B) Philosophy is concerned with what is (C) Philosophy is
concerned with human life (D) Philosophy is concerned

10. The practical approach in ethics is the counterpart of: (A) Meta-ethics (B) Prescriptivism
(C) Normative ethics (D) Applied ethics
11. Political philosophers are mainly concerned with the basic question of: (A) Human values
in society (B) Human knowledge in society (C) Human progress and development (D) How
best to organize human society
12. In philosophy, knowledge is the same as: (A) Ability (B) Acquaintance or familiarity (C)
Technique (D) Knowing society
13. In philosophy whose works can be said to fall under the rubric of philosophy of culture
include: (A) K. C. Anyanwu and Wole Soyinka (BO) Lugdwittgenstein and Betrand Russell
(C) John Locke and Francis (D) D. D. Raphael and Wole Soyinka
14. “The value of philosophy is to be sought in its uncertainty”, according to: (A) Betrand
Russell (BO) A. J. Ayer (C) John Locke (D) David Hume

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 15. The central problems of Metaphysics include: (A) Being, universals and particulars (B)
Principles of human conduct and justice (C) Proper reasoning and logic (D) Criterion for
knowledge and truth
16. Critical philosophy is all about: (A) Logical argumentation (B) Analysis and definition of
foundation concepts (C) It is too narrow (B) It is not accepted by all philosophers (C) It is too
broad (D) It is rejected by all and sundry
17. The etymological meaning philosophy as the love of wisdom is not popular
18. In Protagoras’ words, “man is the measure of all things. This means: (A) Man measures
the length and breadth of things (B) Man determines what is true or false (C) Man is the
creator of the universe (D) Man is a scientist

19. Philosophical fatalism is the view that: (A) Human beings have the power to change
events (B) Everything that happens is caused (C) Everything that happens is fatal (D) Human
beings do not have the power to change
20. ‘……… for how one does philosophy depends largely on how one understands what
philosophy is. But this understanding creek upon one during philosophical maturation’. This
view best identified with: (A) G. E. Moore (B) J. Omorogbe (C) P. O. Bodunrin (D) W.
James
21. The two characteristics of philosophy as identified by C. D. Broad are: (A) Critical and
argumentative (B) Critical analytical (C) Critical and speculative (D) Critical and empirical
22. Philosophical determinism is the view that: (A) Everything that happens is not caused (B)
Everything that happens is caused (C) Human beings do not have the power to change events
(D) Human beings have the power to change.
23. Who claimed that although the term ‘philosophy’ originated in the Greek language, the
real practice of philosophy has origin ancient Egypt civilization? (A) J. Maritain (B) B.
Russell (C) C. D. Broad (D) I. C. Onyewuenyi
24. The branch of philosophy which is traditionally concerned with the study of the general
categories of reality is: (A) Epistemology (B) Ontology (C) Ethics (D) Existentialism
25. The empiricist-analytic tradition is supported by: (A) Baruch Spinoza (B) William James
(C) G. W. F. Hegel (D) A. J. Ayer
26. You either write this examination well or you suffer a carry over. Identify the sense of
disjunction involved in this assertion. (A) Exclusive (B) Inclusive (C) Weak (D) Invalid
27. The figure of a categorical syllogism is determined by the placement of ……… (A)
Major term (B) Minor term (C) Middle term (D) None of the above.
28. Would you become a responsible family man with your new wage increase? Identify the
fallacy committed. (A) False cause (B) Complex question (C) Converse accident (D) Fallacy
of division

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 29. A proposition that is false only when the antecedent is true and the consequence is false,
is ……… (A) Disjunction (B) Conjunction (C) Biconditional (D) Material implication

30. The subject-term of the conclusion of a syllogism argument is referred to as ……… (A)
Window term (B) Middle term (C) Major term (D) Minor term
31. How many laws of thought are there in reasoning process? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
32. Anything that causes an argument to go wrong is identified as ……… (A) Fallacy (B)
Ambiguity (C) Accident (D) Contradiction If Obasanjo wins the 2003 Presidential elections,
then he will be running a second term in office. Obasanjo won. Therefore, Obasanjo is
running a second term in office. Using the above argument, answer questions 33 - 36
33. Symbolize the above argument (A) P É q, p \ ~ p (B) P v q, q \ p (C) P É q, P \ q (D) P . q,
P\~P
34. Identify the rule of inference applicable to the above argument. (A) Simplification (B)
Absorption (C) Modus Tollens (D) Modus ponens
35. Evaluate the argument for validity/soundness (A) Valid/unsound (B) Invalid/sound(C)
Valid/sound (D) Invalid/unsound
36. What type of argument is the argument above (A) Inductive (B) Deductive (C)
Categorical syllogism (D) Hypothetical syllogism
37. “Some politicians are not liars”. Identify the categorical proposition from which this
claim is drawn. (A) I (B) O (C) E (D) A
38. Into how many classes can logic be classified (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

39. An argument with explicative conclusion is regarded as ……… (A) P. ~ p (B) P É p (C)
P º p (D) P v ~ p
40. An argument with explicative conclusion is regarded as (A) Modus Tollens (B) Inductive
(C) Deductive (D) Invalid
41. The use of symbolic logic is essentially to eliminate ……… in arguments (A)
Complexity (B) Particularity (C) Ambiguity (D) None of the above

42. Determine the distributive nature of the “O” categorical proposition (A)_ Subject-term
distributed (B) Predicate-term distributed (C) Both terms distributed (D) No term distributed
43. Logical connective is used to derive ……… in modern logic. (A) Compound proposition
(B) Atomic proposition (C) Logical proposition (D) Prepositional variables
44. Who said defined ethics as the branch of philosophy dealing with rightness or wrongness
of human action with moral obligation, principles of morality and their justifications? (A) T.
Hobbes (B) J. Locke (C) Brostein (D) A. Echekwube
45. Whenever O & E categorical propositions correspond, the term of correspondence is
regarded as ……… (A) Distribution (B) Division (C) Quantity (D) Quality

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 46. The ‘form’ of a deductive argument determines its ……… (A) Structure (B) Validity (C)
Inference (D) Soundness

47. The quality of a categorical proposition is determined by its ……… (A) Copula (B)
Subject-term (C) Predicate (D) none of the above Use the propositions within each question
to answer questions 48-50.
48. Either maturity is valued or we fail to learn from experience and should suffer on the long
run. (A) M v (F.S) (B) [M v (F.S)] (C) (M v F) . S (D) M v F.S
49. If all men are mortal and Aristotle is a man, then Aristotle is a mortal (A) A É (B.C) (B)
(A.B) É C (C) A É B É C (D) A.B
50. If you do not pay on time, then you will not get a discount. (A) P É q (B) ~ p É q (C) P . q
(D) ~ P É ~ q
51. The incumbent Chief Justice of Nigeria is ……… (A) Hon. Justice Modibbo Alfa
Belgore (C.J.N.) (B) Hon. Justice Idris Legbo Kutigi (C.J.N.) (C) Hon. Justice Aloysius
Katsina Alu (C.J.N.) (D) Aloma Mariam Mukhtar (C.J.N.)
52. The pointing of a gun at somebody would constitute one of the following tort. (A) Battery
(D) Assault (C) False imprisonment (D) All of the above

53. The administration of the common law and equity in England was fused by ……… (A)
The Administration Act of 1873-1875 (B) The Judicature Act of 1873-1875 (C) The Fusion
Act of 1873-1875 (D) The Chancery Act of 1873-1875
54. Monogamous marriage in Nigeria is regulated by ……… (A) The Marriage Act, 1914
(B) The Matrimonial Causes Decree, 1970 (C) All of the above (D) None of the above
55. All but one of the following features distinguishes criminal law from civil law. (A) The
end product is punishment (B) It is geared towards restraint of deviants (C) Criminal
proceeding are brought in the name of the state (D) The state provides the procedure, and the
courts necessary to resolve the dispute
56. Lakami V. A.G. of Western States (1971) I. UIRL 201 illustrates ……… (A) Ouster
clauss (B) Sanctions (C) Nemo judex in casau sua (D) Public nuisance
57. Right to dignity of the human person encompasses all but one. (A) No one shall be
subjected to torture (B) No one shall be held in slavery (C) No one shall be required to
perform forced labour (D)Noi one shall be deprived of his liberty
58. By the tenor of S. 143 of the CFRN 1999, the president may be removed from office if
……… (A) A medical panel certifies that he is permanently incapable of discharging his
functions due to infirmity. (B) He is guilty of gross misconduct in the performance of his
functions (C) Whenever he transmits a written declaration to the president of the senate that
he is on vacation (D) None of the above

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 59. The exclusive legislative list is contained in ……… (A) Part I of Schedule II of CFRN,
1999 (B) Part II of Schedule II of CFRN, 1999 (C) Part II of Schedule I of CFRN, 1999 (D)
Part I of Schedule I of CFRN, 1999
60. The state social order in Nigeria is founded on the ideals of ……… (A) Natural justice,
equity and good conscience (B) Freedom, equality and justice (C) Principles of forbearing
(D) Fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policies
61. One of the following is not a classification of contract (A) Formal/simple contracts (B)
Perennial/Bi-annual contracts (C) Express/implied contracts (D) Bilateral/unilateral contracts
62. Mere co-incidence of patterns of behaviour indicates the existence of ……… (A) Law
(B) Force (C) Morals (D) Crimes

63. The principle of law that emphasizes what is in the land includes what is above and
beneath it, is ……… (A) Nemo dat quod non habet (B) Quid, quid plantatur solo solo cedit
(C) Res ipsa loquitur (D) Non est factum
64. The aim of an action in negligence is to cover compensation for the following except
……… (A) Personal injuries (B) Damage to properties (C) Financial loss (D) Vicarious
liability
65. One of the following is incorrect. (A) The version of Moslem law operative in Nigeria is
Maliki Moslem law (B) Ethnic customary law is unwritten (C) In Nigeria, Moslem law is
indigenous law (D) The diversity of customary law system is a major obstacle to uniformity
of the law

66. Nigeria’s educational objective is to be found in ……… of the CFRN, 1999. (A) S. 21
(B) S. 18 (C) S. 15 (D) S. 20
67. Identify the odd option amongst the following. (A) Supreme Court (B) Sharia Court of
Appeal (C) High Courts (D) Magistrate Court
68. For a person to be disqualified for election to the office of a governor on the grounds of
embezzlement or fraud, he must have been indicted by one of the following except ………
(A) A magistrate court (B) A judicial commission of inquiry (C) An administration panel of
inquiry (D) A tribunal

69. Subsidiary legislations include all but one. (A) Edicts (B) Rules (C) Regulations (D)
Orders
70. The most important feature of the Nigerian legal system is ……… (A) Multiplicity of the
legal system (B) Influence of English law upon its growth (C) The unitary system of
government from 1914-1951 (D) None of the above
71. In Nigeria, citizenship can be acquired through the following except ……… (A)
Naturalization (B) Registration (C) Nationalization (D) Birth
72. One of the following is a third generation right. (A) Right to life (B) Environmental right
(C) Economic right (D) None of the above

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 73. All are sources of Nigeria Law except ……… (A) Case law (B) Nigerian legislations (C)
Moslem law (D) None of the above

74. Fundamental human rights can only be enforced in ……… (A) The high court (B) The
federal high court (C) Both the high court and the federal high court (D) The supreme court
75. The pro-chancellor of Ambrose Alli University is ……… (A) Prof. Mrs. C. Agbebaku
(B) Prof. D. O. Agbomian (C) Chief Nosakhare Isekuhure of Benin Kingdom (D) His
Excellency, Comrade Adams Oshiomhole
76. HIV/AIDS cannot be spread through ……… (A) Heterosexual means (B) Mother to child
(C) Eating with an affected person (D) The use of unsterilized sharp objects
77. The essence of African moral system is ……… (A) Wealth at all cost (B) Fame (C) Good
car (D) Good name
78. Emotivism depicts ……… (A) Thoughts (B) Feelings (C) Movements (D) Speech
79. A being that is not subject to moral law is described as ……… (A) Immoral being (B)
Unmoral being (C) Amoral being (D) Human being

80. ……… is the ability to discern the morality good act in all contingencies of life. (A)
Axiology (B) Epistemology (C) Prudence (D) Chastity
81. Ethical relativism is the opposite of ethical ……… (A) Subjectivism (B) Objectivism
(C) Functionalism (D) Universalism
82. Gluttony is the vice that is contrary to ……… (A) Fortitude (B) Temperance (C) Fear (D)
I don’t known

83. The attempt to evolved a common and harmonious social life gave rise to ……… (A)
Selfishness among African (B) Greed (C) African moral values (D) Cultism in Africa
84. Evil cannot be 100% natural (A) False (B) I’m not sure (C) True (D) I’m thinking
85. The virtue of diligence has been threatened by new trend of ……… (A) ‘I will hammar’
(B) ‘I will chinsel’ (C) ‘I will drive’ (D) ‘I will screw’
86. Concupisscence is the motion toward ……… (A) Sensible talk (B) Sensible good (C)
Sensible evil (D) All of the above
87. Fear is the motion away from ……… (A) Nonsensical evil (B) Powerful evil (C)
Sensible evil(D) Uncontrollable fear
88. Fortitude is a virtue that helps to control man’s ……… (A) Insensitivity (B) Irascibility
(C) Unchaste life (D) No idea
89. The foundation of African moral value was established on two simple facts: ……… and
……… (A) A common and competitive social life (B) Common and peaceful lifestyle (C)
Greed and cruelty (D) All of the above

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 90. AIDS means ……… (A) American Initiative to Discourage Sex (B) Acquired Immuned
Deficiency Syndrome (C) Afemai Indigenous Democracy System (D) Africa Initiative
Development Society
91. The advice for hospitality practice in Africa is ……… (A) Abstain (B) Meekness (C)
Caution (D) Shine your eyes
92. ……… is an abuse of force, applied from without and tending to compel a non-
correlating agent against his or her desire. (A) Violence (B) Right (C) Revolution (D)
Weakness
93. The absence of knowledge in one capable of it is regarded in moral studies as ……… (A)
Influence (B) Wisdom (C) Understanding (D) Ignorance

94. The relationship between social part and social whole is the concern of ……… (A)
Desirable justice (B) Social justice (C) Cumulative justice (D) Justice
95. Irrational beings cannot be punished for immoral acts. (A) False (B) True (C) It’s a lie
(D) No idea
96. Ethics has some supernatural dimension. (A) True (B) False (C) I don’t know (D) Not
sure

97. Ignorance is bifurcated into ……… and ……… (A) Visible and invisible (B) Vincible
and unvisible (C) Vincible and invincible (D) Visible only
98. The following are virtues except ……… (A) Diligence (B) Truthfulness (C) Exam
malpractice (D) All of the above \
99. ……… is an example of useful good. (A) Subjecting a man who lost his wife to shave his
hair (B) Subjecting a barren woman to intimidation (C) Subjecting a woman with ectopic
pregnancy to abortion (D) all of the above
100. A selfless act morally speaking is called ……… (A) Egoistic act (B) Altruistic act (C)
Emotivist act (D) Voluntarism

ANSWERS
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. A
18. B 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. B 32.
A 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C 41. C 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. B
47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. C 57. A 58. A 59. A 60. B 61.
B 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. B 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. A 71. A 72. B 73. C 74. D 75. C
76. C 77. D 78. B 79. C 80.C 81. B 82. B 83. C 84. C 85. A 86. C 87.C 88. B 89. B 90. B
91. C 92. A 93. D 94. A 95. B 96. A 97. C 98. C 99. C 100. D GST 102 2013/2014

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PAST QUESTIONS
1. The problems which arise for philosophers in metaphysics include: (A) Criterion for
knowledge and truth (B) Being, universals and particular (C) Reasoning and logic (D) Human
conduct and justice
2. ……… for how one does philosophy depends largely on how one understands what
philosophy is. But this understanding creek upon one during philosophical maturation: This view
is best identified with ……… (A) G. E. Moore (B) Omoregbe (C) P.O.Bodurin (D) W. James
3. Who claimed that although the term “philosophy” originated in the Greek language, the real
practice of philosophy has its origin from ancient Egypt civilization? (A) J. Maritain (B) B.
Russeu (C) C.D. Broad (D) I.C.Onyewenyi

4. The central idea of the Averroes-Thomistic tradition of philosophy is ……… (A) I believe so
that I may understand (B) I believe so that I may reason well (C) I believe so that I may not
reason well (D) I believe so that I may not understand
5. The problem of mind-body interactionism is prominently identified with ……… (A) A. J.
Ayer (B) Rene Descartes (C) Bertrand Russell (D) John Locke
6. Why is philosophy said to be a difficult subject to define? (A) It has no specific subject-matter
9B) It is normative (C) It is argumentative (D) It is revealed truth about God
7. Rationalism, unlike empiricism, is regarded to as ……… (A) Reason and universal ideas and
categories are the ultimate source of a priori knowledge (B) Human knowledge is sense-based
(C) Sense perception is the source of human knowledge (D) Reason plays a complimentary role
in the attainment of human knowledge
8. Political philosophy is mainly concerned with the basic question of ……… (A) universal and
particulars (B) How best to organize human society (C) Human perception to knowledge (D)
Human origin
9. The view which holds that the facts and phenomena of the universe are sufficiently explicable
in terms of the existence and the nature of matter alone is called ……… (A) Materialism (B)
Rationalism (C) Idealism (D) Empiricism
10. Who said that philosophy deals with clarification and language analyses? (A) John Locke (B)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (C) A. J. Ayer (D) Karl Popper
11. Ethics is defined as the systematic study of the basic principles underlying ……… (A)
Corruption (B) Elections (C) Morality (D) None of the above
12. In Protagoras’ words, “man is the measure of all things”, this means ……… (A) Man
measures the length and breaths of thing (B) Man determines what is true of false (C) Man is the
creator of the universe (D) Man is greedy in nature
13. The art of intellectual midwifery is also referred to as ……… (A) Intellectual examination
(B) Socratic irony (C) Intellectual method (D) The idea theory

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14. The phenomenological method involves ……… (A) The observation of appearance as they
are in the world of form (B) The observation of appearances as they indicate themselves in our
beliefs (C) The observation of phenomena of things as they are not in appearance
15. The computer is said to be a product of a philosopher called ……… (A) Arthur Danto (B)
Isaac Newton (C) Rudolt Carnap (D) Blaise Pascal
16. Pragmatism is the doctrine that the truth of a belief lies in ……… (A) Its metaphysical value
(B) its practical usefulness (C) Its explanatory value (D0 its theoretical value
17. The branch of philosophy called Epistemology is the same thing as ……… (A) the study of
what is not (B) The study of students that are out of school (C) The theory of knowledge (D)
Belief or disjunctions

18. Critical philosophy seeks to do ……… (A) Induction of concepts in other discipline(s) (B)
Analyses and clarifies the concepts of other disciplines (C) Conflict the concepts of other
disciplines (D) Fight the concepts of other discipline
19. One of the prominent philosophers of the rationalist tradition is? (A) Averroes (B) Thomas
Aquinas (C) Rene Descartes (D) William James
20. One of the major branches of philosophy is ……… (A) Plato (B) Ontology (C)
Phenomenology (D) Pragmatic tradition
21. For Kwame Gyekye, “philosophy” is essentially a ……… critical and systematic inquiry into
fundamental ideas underlying human thought, experience and conduct. (A) Rational (B)
Empirical (C) Transcendental (D) Deductive
22. Philosophy as human discipline grew out of the Greek culture in the thought of ……… (A)
Plato and Aristotle (B) Pythagoras and Socrates (C) I. C. Onyewuenyi (D) Rene Descartes and
Russell
23. Philosophy instead of originating from the West rather is from ……… (A) Ancient Egyptian
civilization (B) Somalia (C) I. C. Onyewuenyi (D) Rene Descartes
24. Bertrand Russell rightly argued that the value of philosophy is in fact to be sought largely in
its very nature of? (A)Uncertainty (B) Predictability (C) Bias nature (D) Compromising nature
25. Normative ethics seeks to answer the question: (A) What principle(s) guide human conducts
(B) What discipline philosophy is (C) What is the practical concern of philosophy (D) What is
the global meaning of philosophy
26. Anything that can either be asserted or denied identified as ……… (A) Command (B)
Exclamation (C) Interrogation (D) Proposition

27. Validity of an argument is dependent on its ……… (A) Soundness (B) Form (C) Content
(D) Figure
28. The construction of an argument with categorical propositions is called ……… (A)
Hypothetical (B) Conjunction (C) Syllogism (D) Absorption

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29. How many terms are in a categorical proposition? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
30. One way not to identify a categorical proposition is through the ……… (A) Quantifier (B)
Copular (C) Subject and predicate – terms (D) None of the above
31. When the middle term appears as the predicate-term in the first premise and as the subject-
term in the second premise in an argument, the figure is identified as ……… (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4
(D) 1
32. The proposition that is claimed on the basis of other propositions is known as ……… (A)
Conclusion (B) Inference (C) Deductive (D) All of the above

33. An argument that goes beyond the evidence provided in the premises is termed ……… (A)
Invalid (B) Inductive (C) Structure (D) None of the above
34. Identify corresponding categorical propositions on the basis of qualify. (A) E & O (B) A & E
(C) I & O (D) A & O
35. Fallacies of relevance and ambiguity arise only from ……… (A) Formal logic (B) Deductive
argument (C) Informal logic (D) All of the above

36. Obasanjo and Buhari were presidential candidates is only true when ……… (A) Either
conjuncts is true (B) Either conjunct is false (C) Both conjuncts are negated (D) Both conjuncts
are true
37. Affirmation and negation state the relationships between categorical proposition in terms of
……… (A)Quality (B) Quantity (C) Distribution (D) Mood
38. Either a country is poor or rich, is symbolized as ……… (A) P v q (B) P. q (C) P > q (D) P º
q
39. Fallacies of ambiguity can be avoided through ……… (A) Logic (B) Argument (C)
Definition (D) Laws of thought
40. The process through which arguments are arrived at defines ……… (A) Declaration (B)
Logic (C) Premise (D) Inference
41. When both disjuncts are applicable in a situation, the sense of disjunction is known as
……… (A) Exclusive (B) Strong (C) Inclusive (D) None of the above
42. The placement of the middle term determines the ……… in a syllogism. (A) Mood (B)
Figure (C) Form (D) All of the above
43. Identify the fallacy with exception only in the context of the court of law. (A) Argumentum
ad Bacculum (B) Argumentum ad ignorantiam (C) Argumentum ad Miscericordiam (D) Petitio
principia
44. The conjunction of atomic proposition give rise to ……… (A) Fallacies (B) Categorical
proposition (C) Compound proposition (D) All of the above

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45. Conclusion drawn on the basis of insufficient evidence commits the fallacy of ……… (A)
Converse accident (B) Fallacy of accident (C) Complex question (D) Fallacy of accent

46. When an argument appeals to an authority outside the province of the subject matter, the
fallacy committed is known as ……… (A) Argumentum ad Verecundiam (B) Argumentum ad
Populum (C) Argumentum ad Bacculum (D) Argumentum ad Miscericordiam
47. Determine the argument that can be evaluated for validity and soundness. (A) Inductive
argument (B) Deductive argument (C) Informal logic (D) Implicative argument All lawyers are
university graduates All medical doctors are university graduates Therefore, all medical doctors
are lawyers Using the above argument, answer questions 48 – 50.
48. Identify the type of argument. (A) Deductive (B) Syllogistic (C) Explicative (D) All of the
above
49. Determine the mood the figure in the above argument. (A) AAA-2 (B) AAA-3 (C) AAE-1
(D) AIA-4
50. Evaluate the above argument for validity and soundness. (A) Valid and sound (B) Valid and
unsound (C) Invalid and sound (D) Invalid and unsound
51. The grundnorm in Nigeria is ……… (A) Decree No. 24 of 1999 (B) Decree No. 1 of 1984
(C) None of the above (D) All of the above
52. The oath of allegiance for certain public officers is contained in ……… (A) The First
schedule, CFRN, 1999 (B) The third schedule, CFRN (C) The Fifth schedule, CFRN, 1999 (D)
The Seventh schedule, CFRN, 1999
53. In Ambrose Alli University, the Chairman of the Governing Council is also ……… (A) The
Chancellor (B) The Pro-chancellor (C) The Vice Chancellor (D) The Deputy Vice Chancellor
54. The conflict between common law and equity climaxed in the case of ……… (A) Corbet V.
Corbet (B) Earl of Oxford case (C) Carlit V. Carbolic Smokeball Co. (D) Donoghue V.
Stevenson
55. All but one are statutes ……… (A) Act (B) Ordinance (C) Order (D) Edict
56. One of the following is not a classification of law ……… (A) Municipal and international
(B) Public and private (C) Express and implied (D) Written and unwritten
57. The end product of a criminal litigation is ……… (A) Compensation of the victim (B) Grant
of declaration relief (C) Punishment (D) Award of damages

58. A public servant who wished to be elected as president or governor must resign, with or
retire ……… days before the day of the election. (A) 30 Days (B) 45 Days (C) 60 Days (D) 90
Day
59. Another name for Moslem law is. (A) Islamic law (B) Sharia law (C) All of the above (D)
None of the above

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60. The motto of Nigeria is contained in Section ……… of the CFRN, 1999. (A) Section 21 (B)
Section 15 (C) 17 (D) Section 18

61. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes is a protagonist of which theory/school of thought in law
……… (A) The positivist school (B) The realist school (C) The sociological school (D) None of
the above
62. Customary law must pass through three (3) Validity test before it can be enforce by the court.
They include the following except ……… (A) Repugnancy test (B) Incompatibility test (C)
Public policy test (D) Ancestral test
63. Laws made by the State Houses of Assembly in a civilian regime are called ……… (A) Law
(B) Act (C) Bye-law (D) Orders

64. One of the following is not a classification of contract ……… (A) Public and private (B)
Express and implied (C) Formal and simple (D) Bilateral and unilateral
65. Trespass can be categorized into ……… (A) Trespass on persons, goods and land (B)
Trespass on nuisance, conversion and negligence (C) Trespass on assault, battery and false
imprisonment (D) None of the above
66. For there to be a valid marriage in Nigeria, it must be ……… (A) Under the marriage act (B)
Under customary law (C) All of the above (D) None of the above
67. One of the twin pillars of fair hearing is ……… (A) Nemo dat quod non habet (B) Ignorantia
Juris non excusat (C) Nemo judex in casau sua (D) Non est factum
68. The extant constitution of Nigeria was made on ……… (A) 5th day of May, 1999 (B) 29th
day of May, 1999 (C) 10th day of January, 2011 (D) None of above
69. One of the following is incorrect. (A) The name of the head of the Sharia court of appeal is
Grand Khadi (B) Ibio Jus, Ubi remedium is a maxim of equity (C) The rule of force is a feature
of military regime (D) None of the above

70. The apex court in Nigeria is ……… (A) High Court (B) Supreme Court (C) Federal High
Court (D) Court of Appeal
71. The parties to a civil litigation in which an application for injunction is being sought are
called ……… (A) Plaintiff V. Defendant (B) Appellant V. Respondent (C) Applicant V.
Respondent (D) Petitioner V. Respondent
72. The element of Negligence include all but on ……… (A) Duty of care (B) Breach of duty of
care (C) Damage to the plaintiff arising from breach of duty of care (D) Award of damages to the
plaintiff

73. Another name for trespass to goods is ……… (A) Nuisance (B) Conversion (C) Negligence
(D) Battery
74. All but one are capital offence (A) Rape (B) Treason (C) Murder (D) Armed Robbery

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75. Which of the following is not a court or record ……… (A) Magistrate Court (B) Customary
Court (C) High Court (D) Supreme Court

76. AIDS means ……… (A) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (B) American Invention to
Discourage Sex (C) African Independence Diversionary System (D) All of the above
77. Evil as the privation of the good that ought to be there means ……… (A) Evil is a negation
(B) Evil as a mere absence (C) Evil as a way of life (D) Evil is evil
78. The virtue that ensures between the social parts and the social whole is ……… (A) Social
justice (B) All-round justice (C) Distributive justice (D) No idea

79. All of the following are ‘moral evil’ except one? (A) Exams malpractice (B) Cultism (C)
Prostitution (D) Volcanic eruption
80. In Africa, what is morally praise-worth is what promote ……… in human relations (A)
Injustice (B) Jealously (C) Harmony (D) Distrust
81. Supernaturalism is part of ethics ……… (A) False (B) True (C) May be true (D) No idea
82. Hysteria is a state devoid of ……… (A) Fear (B) Quarrel (C) Passion (D) Reason
83. Ethics is the systematic\study of the fundamental principles underlying ……… (A)
Amorality (B) Fortitude (C) Morality (D) Sound judgment
84. To be called a rational being, is to subject to ……… (A) Rational will (B) Categorical (C)
Moral law (D) Your conscience

85. An emotivist depends more on ……… while making decision. (A) Strength (B) Law (C)
Feeling (D) Utility
86. The motion of the will towards sensible good is ……… (A) Fear (B) Concupiscence (C)
Anger (D) Danger
87. Habits which lead man away from his ultimate end in life are ……… (A) Chargeable offence
(B) Vices (C) Socialization (D) All of the above

88. To be more means to be ……… (A) A free being (B) An adult human being (C) Morally
responsible (D) Objective
89. The habit of chastity can be destroyed by constant practice of ……… (A) Caste system (B)
Temperance (C) Solitude (D) Unchaste acts
90. Food can be regarded as ……… (A) Imperative (B) Utilitarian (C) Perfective good (D) A
necessity

91. The virtue that enables man to be moderate in food and drinks is ……… (A) Temperature
Produce (C)Wisdom (D) Justice
92. When you have previous intellectual knowledge and you perform act with freedom, such an
act is ……… (A) Human act (B) Conscious act (C) Act of man o(D) Volitional act

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93. The constant and perpetual will be rendered to another his due is ……… (A) Justice (B)
Habit (C) Virtue (D) Fortitude

94. Why should you be moral? ……… (A) Because you are handsome (B) Because you like
punishment (C) Because you fear God (D) I don’t care
95. Honesty is the best policy ……… (A) Before (B) True (C) Not sure (D) May be
96. An abuse of force, applied from without and tending to compel a reluctant agent against
his/her desire is called ……… (A) Victory (B) Violence (C) Rule (D) Hypothetical
97. Utilitarianism is either act or ……… (A) Gentle (B) Authorized (C) Rule (D) Hypothetical
98. Sexual promiscuity is a taboo in Africa. (A) True before (B) False (C) True (D) I’m not sure
99. Ignorance is either vincible or ……… (A) Valuable (B) Invincible (C) Avoidable (D)
Available
100. The twin brother of corruption is ……… (A) Greed (B) Humility (C) Respect (D) Diligence

ANSWERS
1.B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. C
18. B 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. A
33. B 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. B
48. B 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. A 61. B 62. D
63. B 64. A 65. A 66. C 67. C 68. B 69. B 70. B 71. A 72. A 73. B 74. A 75. B 76. A 77. A
78. A 79. D 80.C 81. A 82. D 83. C 84. A 85. C 86. A 87.B 88. C 89. D 90. D 91. A 92. D
93. A 94. C 95. B 96. B 97. C 98. C 99. B 100. A GST 102 2014/2015

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 PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. The word “philosophy” is derived from the Greek words namely ……… (A) Wisdom and
love (B) Knowledge and Love (C) Philos and Sophia (D) Sophia and Philos
2. The two most probable persons to use the word “philosophy” are ……… (A) Socrates and
Pythagoras (B) Socrates and Plato (C) Socrates and Phyrio (D) Socrates and Philosophia
3. ……… humility and modesty of not referring to himself as a wise man only a lover of
wisdom has come to be viewed as a mark of great wisdom. (A) Plato’s (B) Aristotle (C)
Aquinas (D) Pythagoras

4. ……… committed himself to the belief that an unexamined life is not worth living. (A)
Socrates (B) Plato (C) Pythagoras (D) Aristotle
5. As a purely rational search, philosophy excludes ……… (A) Reflections (B) Supernatural
revelations (C) Critical Analysis (D) None of the above
6. The important thing in philosophy is not the ……… (A) Answer but the question (B)
Question but the answer (C) A and B above (D) None of the above

7. One of the methods of philosophy is ……… (A) Analysis (B) Calculation (C) Dogmatism
(D) Prophesying
8. The definition of philosophy is problematic because ……… (A) Of our lack of
understanding (B) Of its critical nature (C) It is alien to us (D) It is too difficult
9. The purpose of the study of philosophy is to ……… (A) Embark on constant
argumentation (B) handle life carelessly and create problems (C) know how the truth of
things stand (D) Prevail on our opponents to share our view
10. ……… said that although philosophy originated in the Greek language, philosophy
started in ancient Egypt. (A) Pythagoras (B) J Maritain (C) I. Onyewuenyi (D) Socrates
11. To say that philosophy is normative is to accept the position that ……… (A) Philosophy
is concerned with what is (B) Philosophy is concerned with what ought to be (C) Philosophy
is concerned with human life (D) Philosophy is concerned with the progress of society
12. The branch of philosophy concerned with nature and scope of human knowledge is
……… (A) Metaphysics (B) Ethics (C) Epistemology (D) Logic

13. The term rationalism represents the argument that ……… (A) Reason rather than
experience is the source of human knowledge (B) Sense experience rather than reason is the
source of human knowledge (D) All of the above
14. Political philosophers are mainly concerned with the question of ……… (A) Human
values in society (B) Human progress and development (C) How best to organize societies
(D) Human knowledge in society
15. The Empiricist-Analytic tradition is supported by ……… (A) A. J. Ayer (B) Baroch
Spinoza (C) William James (D) G. W. F. Hegel
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 16. An Alternative word for metaphysics is ……… (A) Monadology (B) Epistemology (C)
Ontology (D) Phenomenology

17. The value of philosophy can partly be found in ……… (A) Our training in critical
thought (B) Its uncertainty and lack of bonds (C) The ignorance it impacts on us (D) The
arrogance it evokes in us
18. Issues of are better handled if we ……… (A) Avoid them (B) Have a philosophical
understanding of them (C) Give a myopic approach to them (D) Show careless attitude
toward them
19. The central problem of metaphysics include ……… (A) Being, universals and particulars
(B) Principles of human conducts and justice (C) Proper reasoning and logic (D0 Criterion
for knowledge and truth
20. Properly speaking, philosophy means ……… (A) A people’s way of life (B) Ideology,
aims and objectives (C) Adapting a passive attitude to life (D) None of the above
21. Philosophical arguments are intended to ……… (A) Mislead people (B) Show that
philosophers are verbose and difficult persons to discuss with meaningfully and reach a
common argument (C) Compel us to make a choice since we cannot live with inconsistent
beliefs (D) Silence everyone
22. The claim by Aristotle that all men by nature desire to know means that ……… (A) Only
Greek philosophize (B) Only men and not women can philosophize (C) The tendency to
philosophize is part of human nature (D) Only women and not men philosophize

23. Some of the most elementary issues and truths which philosophers deal with are
contained ……… (A) Only in Greek culture (B) Only in European culture (C) Only in
African culture (D) In all cultures of the world
24. In Bertrand Russell’s view, the uniqueness and ingenuity of philosophy are to be
appreciated in ……… (A) The confusion it creates in society (B) Its uncertainty and absence
of definite answers (C) Its dogmatic posture (D The ignorance it impacts on us
25. ……… defined philosophy as a passionate search for truth. (A) Plato (B) J. Omoregbe
(C) Epicurus (D) Socrates

26. How many types of arguments do we have? (A0 5 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) All of the above
27. What guarantees the soundness of an argument is ……… (A) Figure (B) Form (C)
Validity (D) Existential constant
28. When an argument appeals to an authority outside the thrust of the subject matter, a
fallacy known as ……… is committed. (A) Argumentum ad populum (B) Argumentum ad
Bacculum (C) Argumentum ad Verecundiam (D) Petitio Principii
29. Logic is a ……… to philosophy just as mathematics is to basic sciences. (A) Branch (B)
Houses (C) Tool (D) None of the above

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 30. The conscious act of thinking before one speaks is regarded as ……… (A) Ethical (B)
Principle (C) Geometrical (D) Logical

31. Logic is derived from ……… word. (A) Spanish (B) Arabic (C) Greek (D) Esan
32. Logic is not interested in ……… (A) Correct reasoning (B) Deceit (C) Argument (D) All
of the above All lecturers are university graduates Eki is a lecturer Therefore, Eki is a
university graduate. Using the above argument, answer question 33-35
33. What type of argument is this? (A) Deductive (B) Inductive (C) Inclusive (D) Exclusive
34. The form of reasoning in the above argument in which one statement builds upon the
other and lead to a conclusion is called ……… (A) Hypothesis (B) Syllogism (C) Geometry
(D) Psychology
35. Identify the conclusion signal in the above argument. (A) Meanwhile (B) Beside (C)
Therefore (D) In fact
36. It is not in all cases that all arguments have conclusion signals or indicator. (A) False (B)
It is a lie (C) True (D) I’m not sure

37. An inference is the ……… by which some reasons are put forward for particular claims.
(A) Method (B) Process (C) Skill (D) Certificate
38. Premises are the ……… by which the conclusion follows. (A) Proposition (B) Formula
(C) System (D) Logic
39. An argument could be valid yet not sound. (A) False (B) We were not taught (C) True
(D) No idea

40. The traditional laws of thought include the following except one. (A) The principle of
non-contradiction (B) Identity (C) Excluded middle (D) opposition
41. Logic is defined as the science of …………. (A) Psychological interest (B) Metaphysical
interest (C) Rational interest (D) Theological interest
42. Identify the type of fallacy committed in this statement: “You either buy GST text book
or you forget about passing the exams (A) argumentum ad Verecundiam (B) Argumentum ad
Bacculum (C) Converse accident (D) False cause
43. The principle of excluded middle could be symbolically presented as ……… (A) pvq (B)
pv-q (C) p_q (D) p.-q
44. The avoidance of mistakes in the process of reasoning generates ……… (A) Logic (B)
Validity (C) Inference (D) Arguments
45. Symbolize the statement: If you do not pay your school fees on time, you will pay for late
registration fees. (A) ~p É q (B) ~ p É ~q (D) p . q
46. The use of symbolic logic is important to eliminate ……… in arguments (A) Sentences
(B) Ambiguity (C) Complexity (D) All of the above

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 47. Anything that causes an argument to go wrong is called ……… (A) Minor (B) Major (C)
Fallacy (D) Equivalence

48. Some politicians are not liars. Identify the categorical proposition from which this claim
is drawn. (A) I (B) O (C) E (D) A
49. Classical logic is often attributed to ……… (A) Izibili (B) Anaximander (C) Aristotle (D)
Joachim
50. Identify the fallacy committed in this statement: “I like wearing bum short because it is
what majority of campus girls wear”. (A) Argumentum ad Populum (B) Argumentum ad
Ignorantian (C) Argumentum Verecundiam (D) Argumentum ad Hominem
51. The Chief protagonist of the idea that the centre of gravity of legal developments lies in
the society itself is ……… (A) Eugene Ehrlich (B) Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes (C)
Friedrich Carl Von Savigny (D) Jeremy Bentham
52. All but one is correct: (A) A rising and setting of the sun is a good example of natural law
(B) Law is evolutionary (C) A post-call of not less than 15 years is required to be eligible for
appointments as Chief Justice of Nigeria (D) Retrospective and retroactive legislation is a
feature of military rule
53. Which of the following court has original, appellate and supervisory jurisdiction? (A)
Supreme Court (B) Court of Appeal (C) Federal High Court (D) High Court of a state

54. The fundamental objectives to protect and improve Nigeria’s environment is contained in
……… section of the CFRN, 1999 (As Amended). (A) S.18 (B) S.19 (C) S.20 (D) S.21
55. The CFRN (1st and 2nd Alteration) Act was signed into law on ……… (A) 29th May,
1999 (B) 5th May, 1999 (C) 10th January, 2011 (D) 1st October, 2011
56. Which of the following is not a Superior Court of Record in Nigeria? (A) Supreme Court
(B) Court of Appeal (C) High Court (D) National Industrial Court

57. All are classes of offence except ……… (A) Misdemeanor (B) Capital Offence (C)
Felony (D) Misfeasance
58. The Vice Chancellor of Ambrose Alli University is ……… (A) Prof. Mrs. C. A.
Agbebaku (B) Dr. (Mrs.) Ifidon (C) Prof. Sam Uniamikogbo (D) None of the above
59. Which of the following is not a maxim of equity? (A) Vigilantibus non dormeintibus
subvienient (B) Ignorantia juris non excusat (C) Equity forbids double portion (D) He who
seeks equity must come with clean hands
60. Who defined law as an instrument of domination? (A) Hugo Grotius (B) Karl Marx (C)
John Austin (D) Thomas Aquinas
61. Common Law Courts include all but one ……… (A) King’s or Queens Bench (B) Court
of Exchequer (C) Court of Chancery (D) Court of Common Pleas

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 62. Which element of crime relates to “Over Acts”? (A) Actus Reus (B) Jurat (C) Mens Rea
(D) Nemo dat quod non habet

63. The extant Moslem law in Nigeria is ……… (A) Boko Haram (B) Maliki School (C)
Extreme Sharia (D) None of the above
64. S.35 of the CFRN, 1999 (As Amended) provides for ……… (A) Right to life (B) Right
to personal liberty (C) Right to fair hearing (D) Right to human dignity
65. All but one are regarded as statutes. (A) Act (B) Decrees (C) Ordinances (D) Regulation
66. The use of matchet to cause grievous bodily harm would constitute the tort of ……… (A)
battery (B) assault (C) False imprisonment (D) None of the above
67. Fundamental Human Rights can be enforced in which court? (A) Federal High Court (B)
State High Court (C) Both Federal and State High Court (D) Supreme Court
68. The following are end products of civil litigation except ……… (A) Award of damages
(B) Payment of fine (C) Grant of equitable reliefs (D) None of the above
69. Administrative Law relates to ……… (A) Relationship between individuals (B)
relationship between government agencies and individuals (C) Relationship between the state
and individuals (D) Restraint of deviant behaviour
70. The fifth schedule of the CFRN, 1999 (As Amended) provides for ……… (A)
Constitutional immunity (B) Oath of Allegiance (C) Public Officer’s Code of Conduct (D)
Legislative list
71. All but one is incorrect regards obiter dictum. (A) They are hypothetical facts (B) It is
principle of finality of judgments (C) It is not binding on lower courts (D) It is only
persuasive

72. To ensure a smooth working of criminal law, the state ……… (A) Provides procedure
and courts (B) Accept responsibility for detection, prosecution and punishment of offenders
(C) Establishes special task forces (D) Appoints Special Advisers
73. The greatest right a person can have in property is ……… (A) Possession (B) Ownership
(C) Mortgage (D) Lien
74. The tenor of Ss. 25, 26 and 27 of the CFRN, 1999 (As Amended) covers the issue of
……… (A) Presidency in Nigeria (B) Sovereignty in Nigeria (C) Citizenship in Nigeria(D)
Legitimacy of a child in Nigeria

75. A criminal case in Magistrate Court is cited as ……… (A) D.P.P. v. Accused (B) State v.
Accused (C) F.R.N v. Accused (D) None of the above
76. ……… are fundamental to decisions taken by individuals in life. (A) Moral Studies (B)
Moral Principles (C) Tertiary Institutions (D) All of the above

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 77. The implication of this study is to enable the student to judge whether or not he/she is
making ……… (A)Morality (B) Conscious relationships (C) Good and objective decisions
(D) None of the above
78. The term ‘moral’ means ……… (A) Being amoral (B) being morally responsible (C)
being morally subconscious (D) Being the moral law
79. A free and rational being is a moral being. (A) True (B) False (C) Partially true (D) Not
sure
80. Infants can be classified by their actions as ……… (A) Moral (B) Immoral (C) Toddlers
(D) Amoral
81. What is the relationship between ‘Ethics’ and ‘Morality’? (A) Morality is the basis of
Ethics (B) Morality is the systematic study of principles (C) Ethics presupposes
fundamentality (D) Ethics has no business with morality
82. Are the following vices: Abortion, Armed robbery, Secret-Cultism, Murder and
Examination Malpractices evil because God has commanded them so? (A) Yes (B) No (C)
We must obey God’s commands (D) It changes nothing
83. Why is it obligatory for an individual to live a moral life? (A) Because if you can’t beat
them, you join them. (B) Because of religion (C) Because you are a rational being (D)
Because of social class

84. Can an atheist just be as moral as a theist? (A) It is not possible (B) Atheists do not
believe in God (C) Religion is the basis for morality (D) It is possible
85. What is evil? (A) Evil is lack of goodness (B) Evil is the absence of good which ought to
be present (C) Sexual indecency is a form of moral evil (D) All of the above
86. African Moral Values derive from ……… (A) The Decalogue of the Christian Bible (B)
The Qur’an and the Hadith of Prophet Muhammed (C) The experiences of the people living
together in their quest for a common and harmonious social life (D) African Traditional
Religion

87. The following except ……… are regarded as good values in Africa. (A) Kindness (B)
Incest (C) respect (D) Dignity
88. ……… is the essence of the African Moral system. (A) Good character (B) Humanistic
basis (C) A & B (D) None of the above
89. What is morally good promotes all of these except ……… (A) Violence (B) Social
welfare (C) Solidarity (D) Harmony

90. A man can be held responsible for his actions if ……… (A) He is insane (B) He is
invincibly ignorant (C) It is free and deliberate act (D) All of the above
91. Pedophilia is ……… (A) A moral action (B) An action (C) an amoral action (D) An
African proverb

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 92. Homosexuality and non human heterosexuality is the work of God. (A) True (B) False
(C) Can’t decide (D) None of the above

93. Abuse of sexuality could result in ……… (A) Unwanted pregnancies (B) Sexual
Promiscuity (C) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (D) All of the above
94. HIV/AIDS is said to be largely spread in Nigeria by ……… (A) Mosquito bites (B) Hand
shake (C) Heterosexual intercourse (D) Abstinence
95. Methods that are effective for the prevention of the spread of HIV/AIDS do not include
……… (A) Sexual abstinence (B) Mutual fidelity (C) Prostitution (D) Safe practices in
relation to the use of sharp objects
96. The infected and affected need ……… (A) Love (B) Compassion (C) Care (D) All of the
above
97. All humans are encouraged to ……… (A) Jettison every kind of irresponsible living (B)
Discriminate against victims of HIV/AIDS (C) Be promiscuous (D) Throw moral values to
the winds
98. A nation at the mercy of corrupt people and leaders can ……… (A) Only develop (B)
Always develop (C) Never develop (D) Make progress

99. Only ……… can lead Nigeria to the Promised Land. (A) Morally bankrupt youths (B)
Morally sound youths (C) Questionable characters (D) All of the above
100. Since habits die hard, we must ……… (A) Cultivate good moral habits that will help us
develop into good human beings (B) Endeavour to kill ourselves (C) Be violent in order to
kill the habit (D) Compromise moral principles

ANSWERS
1.C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. B
18. B 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B
33. A 34. B 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A 46. B 47. C
48. B 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. B 61. B 62. A
63. C 64. B 65. C 66. A 67. D 68. A 69. C 70. C 71. C 72. B 73. B 74. C 75. A 76. B 77. C
78. B 79. A 80. D 81. A 82. B 83. C 84. D 85. B 86. C 87. B 88. C 89. A 90. C 91. B 92. B
93. D 94. C 95. C 96. D 97. A 98. C 99. B 100. A

This material was compiled by; - Success Oboh (Church Boi) 07062983246

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