A Critical Study On Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact On Sports Business
A Critical Study On Artificial Intelligence and Its Impact On Sports Business
United Kingdom the story is different as AI is specifically Kokka, 2020) While not specifically focused on AI, this
utilised in soccer as their clubs maximise revenue enhancing review examines potential changes in the sports industry
& fan love & support through AI to strive for better workforce due to technological advancements. It can be used
performance in their matches as a strategy for success mantra. to consider the impact of AI on job roles and necessary
workforce adaptations. (David Shvets et al, 2017) This
Aim: review explores the growing role of big data and machine
The Aim of my research is to have a critical study on learning in sports analytics, which forms the foundation for
artificial intelligence & its impact on sports business. many AI applications in the industry. (Rui Zhang et al, 2020)
This technical review provides an in-depth overview of
Objectives current AI techniques deployed in sports. It delves into areas
like computer vision for player tracking, natural language
To evaluate the existing regulatory framework governing processing for game analysis, and reinforcement learning for
artificial intelligence & its impacts on sports business. optimising strategies. (Andreia Martins et al, 2022) This
To compare between the countries with regard to artificial review focuses specifically on how AI is shaping the fan
intelligence & its impacts on sports business experience in sports. It explores topics like personalised
developments. content delivery, interactive experiences, and AI-powered
chatbots for customer service. (Luis Garrido-Cumbrera et
To create awareness among the people with regard to
artificial intelligence & its impact on sports business. al, 2021) This review explores how AI can be used to predict
and prevent athlete injuries. It analyses machine learning
To understand the disadvantages of AI on the sports
techniques for identifying patterns and risk factors in player
industry & its negative impacts.
data. (Michael McCann, 2020) This review examines the
To propose various ideas & recommendations can be legal implications of AI in sports, including issues like
given on enhancement of AI & its impacts on sports ownership of data, liability for AI-driven decisions, and the
Business. need for regulatory frameworks. (Ziyue Wang et al, 2022)
This review explores the unique applications of AI in eSports,
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE such as developing competitive AI agents, analysing game
strategies, and enhancing live streaming experiences. (Stefan
(Lee et al, 2020) This review examines how AI, Szymanski, 2021) This review explores the potential for AI
machine learning, and deep learning are being used to analyse to be misused for match-fixing in sports. It analyses potential
athlete data, optimise training programs, and improve vulnerabilities and proposes strategies for mitigating this risk.
performance.(Iswandi et al, 2020) This review explores how (Hyung-June Kim et al, 2019) This review examines how
AI is being used in digital sports marketing and management, AI is transforming sports broadcasting. It explores areas like
focusing on areas like fan engagement, targeted advertising, automated highlight generation, personalised commentary
and content personalization.(Kuan, 2019) This review tracks, and AI-powered virtual reality experiences. (Daniel
discusses the various applications of AI in competitive sports, Funk et al, 2023) This emerging area of research explores
including performance analysis, game strategy optimization, the potential psychological impact of AI on athletes,
and automated officiating. It also explores potential concerns including issues like trust in AI-generated insights, pressure
like job displacement and the impact on the human element to perform based on analytics, and the potential for
of sports.(Wang et al, 2018) This review focuses on the dehumanisation. (Yannick Kluge, 2022) This review
development and application of AI in China's sports industry, explores the ethical and regulatory challenges posed by AI in
particularly in analysing athlete performance and movement eSports, particularly regarding the potential for developing
patterns. (Bartlett, 2006) This older review provides a AI-powered cheating programs and the need for fair play in
historical perspective on the potential of AI in sports competitive gaming.
biomechanics, discussing the challenges and limitations of
early AI applications in this area.(Trail et al, 2010) While not III. METHODOLOGY
specifically focused on AI, this review provides a valuable
foundation for understanding the importance of fan The Research Method used here is the Empirical
engagement in the sports business. It can be used to frame Research Method. A total of 200 responses are collected. A
how AI can be leveraged to enhance this aspect. (Clemente Questionnaire was prepared in the Google Forms & it was
et al, 2019) This review explores the use of big data analytics emailed to my Friends, Relatives & Families. They are
in sports, which is a key driver behind the development of AI requested by the researcher to forward the link to their closest
applications in the industry. Understanding how big data is ones. The responses were collected from the people living
used can provide context for the role of AI in processing and inside Tamil Nadu such as Poonamalle, Anna Nagar etc as
analysing this data. (Bryson et al, 2020) This review delves well as other parts of India. The Questions are The integration
into the potential for bias in AI algorithms used in sports, of AI technologies like machine learning systems impact the
particularly in areas like player recruitment and officiating. accuracy & effectiveness of player performances analysis in
It's crucial to understand these challenges for responsible AI professional sports, AI-powered fan engagement platforms
implementation. (Jones and Davies, 2019) This review have effect on fan loyalty, satisfaction & revenue generation
explores the broader ethical considerations surrounding AI in for sports organisations, AI-driven ticket pricing methods
sports, including data privacy, player autonomy, and the strike attendence rates, revenue generation & fan accessibility
potential for manipulation of competition. (Kavoura and to sporting events, Long-term implications of AI adoption in
sports business is much more in the areas of job roles, satisfaction & revenue generation for sports organisations,
industry competitiveness & overall fan experiences in the AI-driven ticket pricing methods strike attendence rates,
future & AI-driven data analytics & predictive modelling be revenue generation & fan accessibility to sporting events,
utilised to forecast sports industry trends, anticipate market Long-term implications of AI adoption in sports business is
demand & inform strategic decision-making for sports much more in the areas of job roles, industry competitiveness
business stakeholders. Their responses are collected by the & overall fan experiences in the future & AI-driven data
researcher by using the SPSS Software. The Independent analytics & predictive modelling be utilised to forecast sports
variables are Age, Gender, Place of Residence, Educational industry trends, anticipate market demand & inform strategic
Qualification, Occupation & Marital Status & the Dependent decision-making for sports business stakeholders. The tools
Variables are The integration of AI technologies like machine used in this research are Simple Bar Graph, Clustered Bar
learning systems impact the accuracy & effectiveness of Graph, One-Way Anova, Chi-Square, Means Plot &
player performances analysis in professional sports, AI- Independent Sample T-Test respectively.
powered fan engagement platforms have effect on fan loyalty,
Legend: Fig 1 clearly shows about the % of people who have responded to the Questionnaire in relation to their respective age.
Legend: Fig 2 clearly shows about the % of people who have responded to the Questionnaire in relation to their respective
gender.
Legend: Fig 3 clearly shows about the % of the people who have responded to the Questionnaire in relation to their respective
educational qualification.
Legend: Fig 4 clearly shows about the % of people who have responded to the question of the integration of AI technologies
like machine learning systems impacting the accuracy & effectiveness of player performances analysis in professional sports in
relation to their respective Educational Qualification.
Legend: Fig 5 clearly shows that the % of people who have responded to the question of AI-Powered fan engagement platforms
have an effect on fan loyalty, satisfaction & revenue generation for sports organisations in relation to their respective Occupation.
Legend: Fig 6 clearly shows about the % of people who have responded to the question of AI-driven data analytics & predictive
modeling being utilised to forecast sports industry trends, anticipate market demand & inform strategic decision-making for
sports business stakeholders in relation to their respective Place of Residence.
Legend: Long-term implications of AI adoption in sports business is much more in the areas of job roles, industry
competitiveness & overall fan experiences in the future in relation to their respective Age Groups.
One-Way Anova
Means Plot
Inferences: The Null Hypothesis is Accepted. So, there is no difference between the question of AI-powered fan engagement
platforms have an effect on fan loyalty, satisfaction & revenue generation for sports organisations & Gender of people. So, there
is no significant relationship between the two variables.
Chi-Square Tests
Null Hypothesis (H0): There is a significant association people with other educational qualifications. The % of people
between the Place of Residence & AI-driven ticket pricing whose educational qualification is SSLC is 6.50%, % of
methods strike attendance rates, revenue generation & fan people whose educational qualification is HSC is 13.50%, %
accessibility to sporting events. of people whose educational qualification is UG is 20.50%,
% of people whose educational qualification is PG is 31.50%
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is no significant & % of people whose educational qualification is Diploma is
association between the Place of Residence & AI-driven 28.00% respectively. In Fig 4, From the above Clustered Bar
ticket pricing methods strike attendance rates, revenue Graph, we can understand that many people had a neutral
generation & fan accessibility to sporting events. opinion with regard to the question of the integration of AI
technologies like machine learning systems impacting the
Results accuracy & effectiveness of player performance analysis in
In Fig 1, From the Above Simple Bar Graph, we can professional sports than other opinions. The % for option
understand that people who are between the age group of 41- strongly agree as people studying in SSLC is 1.00%, % for
50 years have responded to the questionnaire in more option strongly agree as people studying in HSC is 1.00%, %
numbers than people belonging to other age groups. Since, for option strongly agree as people studying in UG is 5.00%,
the & of the people who are less than 18 years is 20.00%, % % for option strongly agree as people studying in PG is
of people who are in between 19-30 years is 9.50%, % of 6.50%, % for option strongly agree as people studying in
people who are between 31-40 years is 15.50%, % of people Diploma is 3.50% respectively. The % for option agree as
who are in between 41-50 years is 39.00% & % of people people studying in SSLC is 2.50%, % for option agree as
who are above 50 years is 16.00% respectively. In Fig 2, people studying in HSC is 5.00%, % for option agree as
From the Above Simple Bar Graph, we can understand that people studying in UG is 5.00%, % for option agree as people
male have responded to the questionnaire in more numbers studying in PG is 8.50% & % for option agree as people
than females & transgenders. Since, the % of the people who studying in Diploma is 8.00% respectively. The % for option
are males are 51.00%, % of people who are females are neutral as people studying in SSLC is 2.00%, % for option
28.50% & % of people who are transgender are 20.50% neutral as people studying in HSC is 4.50%, % for option
respectively. In Fig 3, From the above Simple Bar Graph, we neutral as people studying in UG is 6.00%, % for option
can understand that the people whose educational neutral as people studying in PG is 10.50% & % for option
qualification is PG have responded in more numbers than neutral as people studying in Diploma is 8.00%, The % for
option disagree as people studying in SSLC is 1.00%, % for for option strongly agree as people whose place of residence
option disagree as people studying in HSC is 1.00%, % for is semi-urban areas is 3.00% & % for option strongly agree
option disagree as people studying in UG is 3.00%, % for as people whose place of residence is rural areas is 13.00%
option disagree as people studying in PG is 3.00% & % for respectively. The % for option agree as people whose place
option disagree as people studying in Diploma is 1.50% of residence is urban areas is 5.00%, % for option agree as
respectively. % for option strongly disagree as people people whose place of residence is semi-urban areas is 1.00%
studying in SSLC is 1.00%, % for option strongly disagree as & % for option agree as people whose place of residence is
people studying in HSC is 2.00%, % for option strongly rural areas is 11.00% respectively. The % for option neutral
disagree as people studying in UG is 2.00%, % for option as people whose place of residence is urban areas is 5.00%,
strongly disagree as people studying in PG is 2.50% & % for % for option neutral as people whose place of residence is
option strongly disagree as people studying in Diploma is semi-urban areas is 2.00%, % for option neutral as people
7.00% respectively. In Fig 5, From the above Clustered Bar whose place of residence is rural areas is 8.00% respectively.
Graph, we can understand that many people had an agree % for option disagree as people whose place of residence is
opinion with regard to the question of AI-powered fan urban areas is 4.50%, % for option disagree as people whose
engagement platforms having more effect on fan loyalty, place of residence is semi-urban areas is 1.50% & % for
satisfaction & revenue generation for sports organisations option disagree as people whose place of residence is rural
than other opinions. The % for option strongly agree as areas is 9.50% respectively. The % for option strongly
people whose occupation is Private Sector Enterprises is disagree as people whose place of residence is urban areas is
1.00%, % for option strongly agree as people whose 5.50%, % for option strongly disagree as people whose place
occupation is Public Sector Enterprises is 6.00%, % for of residence is semi-urban areas is 3.50% & % for option
option strongly agree as people whose occupation is Own- strongly disagree as people whose place of residence is rural
Business is 2.50%, % for option strongly agree as people areas is 19.50% respectively. In Fig 7, From the Above
whose occupation is Home-Maker is 0.00% & % for option Clustered Bar Graph, we can understand that many people
strongly agree as people who is yet to be employed is 2.50% said disagree as their opinion with regard to the question of
respectively. The % for option agree as people whose long-term implications of AI adoption in sports business is
occupation is Private Sector Enterprises is 4.50%, % for much more in the areas of job roles, industry competitiveness
option agree as people whose occupation is Public Sector & overall fan experiences in the future than other opinions.
Enterprises is 12.00%, % for option agree as people whose The % for option strongly agree as people who are less than
occupation is Own-Business is 10.00%, % for option agree as 18 years are 6.00%, % for option strongly agree as people
people whose occupation is Home-Maker is 0.50% & % for who are 19-30 years is 1.50%, % for option strongly agree as
option agree as people who is yet to be employed is 8.00% people who are 31-40 years are 4.00%, % for option strongly
respectively. The % for option neutral as people whose agree as people who are 41-50 years are 8.00% & % for
occupation is Private Sector Enterprises is 10.00%, % for option strongly agree as people who are above 50 years are
option neutral as people whose occupation is Public Sector 1.00% respectively. The % for option agree as people who are
Enterprises is 8.50%, % for option neutral as people whose less than 18 years are 3.00%, The % for option agree as
occupation is Own-Business is 5.50%, % for option neutral people who are 19-30 years are 2.00%, The % for option
as people whose occupation is Home-Maker is 1.00% & % agree as people who are 31-40 years are 1.00%, The % for
for option neutral as people who is yet to be employed is option agree as people who are 41-50 years are 8.00% & The
6.50% respectively. The % for option disagree as people % for option agree as people who are above 50 years are
whose occupation is Private Sector Enterprises is 6.00%, % 3.00% respectively. The % for option neutral as people who
for option disagree as people whose occupation is Public are less than 18 years are 2.50%, % for option neutral as
Sector Enterprises is 4.50%, % for option disagree as people people who are 19-30 years are 1.00%, % for option neutral
whose occupation is Own-Business is 5.00%, % for option as people who are 31-40 years are 3.50%, % for option neutral
disagree as people whose occupation is Home-Maker is as people who are 41-50 years are 4.00% & % for option
0.00% & % for option disagree as people who is yet to be neutral as people who are above 50 years are 1.50%
employed is 3.00% respectively. The % for option strongly respectively. The % for option disagree as people who are less
disagree as people whose occupation is Private Sector than 18 years are 5.50%, % for option disagree as people who
Enterprises is 0.50%, % for option strongly disagree as people are 19-30 years are 2.50%, % for option disagree as people
whose occupation is Public Sector Enterprises is 0.50%, % who are 31-40 years are 3.00%, % for option disagree as
for option strongly disagree as people whose occupation is people who are 41-50 years are 11.50% & % for option
Own-Business is 1.00%, % for option strongly disagree as disagree as people who are above 50 years are 7.00%
people whose occupation is Home-Maker is 0.00% & % for respectively. The % for option strongly disagree as people
option strongly disagree as people who is Yet to be Employed who are less than 18 years are 3.00%, The % for option
is 1.00% respectively. In Fig 6, From the above Clustered Bar strongly disagree as people who are 19-30 years are 2.50%,
Graph, we can understand that many people said their opinion The % for option strongly disagree as people who are 31-40
as strongly disagree with regard to the question of AI-driven years are 4.00%, % for option strongly disagree as people
data analytics & predictive modelling be utilised to forecast who are 41-50 years are 7.50% & % for option strongly
sports industry trends, anticipate market demand & inform disagree as people who are above 50 years are 3.50%
strategic decision-making for sports business stakeholders respectively. In Fig 8, The Null Hypothesis is Accepted. So,
than other opinions. The % for option strongly agree as there is no difference between the question of AI-powered fan
people whose place of residence is urban areas is 8.00%, % engagement platforms have an effect on fan loyalty,
satisfaction & revenue generation for sports organisations & In Fig 4, Most people have responded to the question of the
Gender of people. So, there is no significant relationship integration of AI technologies like machine learning systems
between the two variables. In Fig 9, Null Hypothesis (H0): impact the accuracy & effectiveness of player performances
There is a significant association between the Place of analysis in professional sports by stating a neutral opinion
Residence & AI-driven ticket pricing methods strike since according to them the inclusion or mixing of AI
attendance rates, revenue generation & fan accessibility to technologies like machine learning systems influence the
sporting events. accuracy & effectiveness but at the same time it also a cretes
a dip in the player performances due to glitch in these systems
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is no significant as they may provide wrong results which would have a
association between the Place of Residence & AI-driven massive impact on performance of player in the professional
ticket pricing methods strike attendance rates, revenue sports which may ultimately end his career in the field. In Fig
generation & fan accessibility to sporting events. 5, Most people have responded to the question of AI-powered
fan engagement platforms have effect on fan loyalty,
V. DISCUSSIONS satisfaction & revenue generation for sports organisations by
stating an agree opinion as people think that AI powered fan
In Fig 1, The people who are between 41 to 50 years involvement podium will drastically affect the fan loyalty as
have responded to the questionnaire as compared to other age fan loyalty is very much important for a team to succeed for
group people. This is because the people who are between 41- example RCB & the satisfaction that people get from
50 years have more knowledge about the sports & other new cheering loudly for their respective teams from the stadium
things like AI as they learn from the newspaper & some stands will not be attained if AI comes in & revenue
through their experiences as they have more time as generation will go down to zero if the people does not buy
compared to other age groups. Since, the people who are less any products & things during the match or before the match
than 18 years have less time in knowing the outside world as AI will perform all things which in turn leads to
because of so many pressure especially the education & unemployment. In Fig 6, Most people have responded to the
school pressure & people of other age groups also face the question of AI-driven data analytics & predictive modelling
problem of stress in the form of jobs, colleges which keeps be utilised to forecast sports industry trends, anticipate market
them always busy in that in order to cement a better future for demand & inform strategic decision-making for sports
themselves & their families. In Fig 2, The male members business stakeholders by stating strongly disagree as their
have responded to the questionnaire more than other genders opinion as they think that these AI-driven data analytics &
that are female & prefer not to say. This is because the male predictive modelling that may be used predict sports industry
members are given more freedom to learn new things from trends may sometimes give away unrelated & wrong answers
both their families & society as males are often considered as to the ongoing sports industry trends as market demands
superior to females in every fields till now due to a standard changes over time it may difficult to accurately show things
social stigma that is being present & moreover, they are or make up one & the decision-making for the sports business
considered as the lion by the family members & females on stakeholders mainly depends on the demands & reach of
the other hand now even though they go to work & earn there sports among the people. In Fig 7, Most people have
is always a restriction being placed by their family members responded to the question of long-term implications of AI
to explore & get knowledge of AI even though it is a hot topic adoption in sports business is much more in the areas of job
as they are always placed under a radar of constraints whereas roles, industry competitiveness & overall fan experiences in
the transgender are not even considered by the society & they the future by stating disagree as their opinion as the people
also on the verge of being destroyed by the society as they are say that there is a no need to have a long-term implications of
unable to create an identity for themselves till now. So, it is AI Adoption in sports business will definitely bring down the
always an impossible task to know these things. In Fig 3, The human work in the fields of job roles, industry
people who are pursuing PG as their educational qualification competitiveness will be there but the human resource have
have responded more to the questionnaire than other people more tactics in hand than AI to improve the business &
with different educational qualifications. This is because the overall fan experience will be good if there is no AI as its
people who are pursuing PG as a educational Qualification application in every field will automatically destroy the
usually gets vast opportunities to have a detailed study on AI human race in the near future. In Fig 8, The Null Hypothesis
& sports industry as in PG actually appreciates more is Accepted. So, there is no difference between the question
practicals & research than theory-based education but the of AI-powered fan engagement platforms have an effect on
people who are pursuing SSLC, HSC, Diploma & UG cannot fan loyalty, satisfaction & revenue generation for sports
get a proper knowledge on these things because in case of organisations & Gender of people. So, there is no significant
SSLC the students are always asked to focus on studies by the relationship between the two variables. In Fig 9, Null
parents & school to get good marks & to get admissions in Hypothesis (H0): There is a significant association between
colleges as they will be quite busy with the studies most of the Place of Residence & AI-driven ticket pricing methods
the time which curtails their free time to know about the strike attendance rates, revenue generation & fan accessibility
world around them & the same happens in the case of SSLC to sporting events.Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is no
pursuing students as well. But the people who are pursuing significant association between the Place of Residence & AI-
UG & Diploma are quite different as there people have time driven ticket pricing methods strike attendance rates, revenue
to learn but other responsibilities like exams & family generation & fan accessibility to sporting events.
problems restricts them to proceed further knowledge-wise.
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