Timer/Counter/ Analyzers PM6681, PM6681R & PM6681R/676/AF FLUKE.44822 872 20116, June 2008 Second Edition Fluke grants permission forthe U. 8. Government to reproduce copies ofthis manual, onthe conition thatthe legend “Reproduced with Permis- sion” be legibly displayed on the copes, This material isnot for resale It is limit to Goverament use only and eannot be copied for any other ‘purpose 0GENERAL INFORMATION ‘This manual contains directions for use that apply to a number of models, In order to simplify references fo certain models, the follow- ing designation system is used throughout the manual: M6681 stands for PM6681, PM668IR and PMS68IR/6T6IAF PM668IR stands for PM668IR and PM6681R/6T6/AF ‘The PM6681R/676/AF is a model supplied with the following features — PM668IR base model — Presealer PM9624 (2.7 GHz) = Rackmount kit PM9622 Reference ontput option PM9671B Refer tothe respective type mumbers in the Operators Manual for specifications and other information not found in this manual, New options and deviations from the original design are collectively treated in Chapter 9, Appendix. Below is a summary of the changes: Unit 4 ‘The main printed-cireuit board (Unit 1) bas recently been redesigned due to obsolescence of a number of integrated circuits. Designa- tions found in circuit descriptions, schematic diagrams and parts lists inthe first eight chapters refer to the original design. The func- tional descriptions are correct onthe whole, if you make a few substitutions. A new set of schematic diagrams and a new replacement parts list are added in Chapter 9, Appendix. ~ Instruments having serial numbers >784919 belong to the now generation, ~ The model PM6681R/G7G/AF has only been produced with the new Unit 1 board, so the serial number is irrelevant. Model PM6681R ‘The model PM6681R introduces an ultra-stable rubidium atomic clock reference. Option PM9671B Reference output unit offering six buffered 1 Vans outputs with four different standard frequencies: 3 x 10 MHz, 1 x 5 MHz, 1x1 MHz and 1 x 0.1 MHz, New OCXOs ‘The PM9691 has been redesigned, and a version with very high stability , the PM9692, has been introduced. aThis page is intentionally left blank. vContents 1 Safety Instructions Caution and Waring Statements 12 Grounding cee vet Disposal of Hazardous Materials 12 Line Voltage 12 2 Performance Check General Information 22 Required Tost Equipment . 22 Preparations 22 Front Panel Controls tee rd Powor-On Test 22 Internal Selt-Tests 22 Keyboard Test... o 23 Short Form Specification Test 24 Sensitivity and Frequency Range 24 (Check VMAXIVMIN . . 24 Trigger Indicators and Controls. .... ce D4 Trigger level check ce . 24 Reference Oscillators 25 Resolution Test sees cee 2S Rear InputlOutput. 25 40MHz OUT... 25 GATE OPEN Output 25 REFERENCE IN cette 25 EXT ARM input 26 TRIG LEVEL A&B Outputs 26 Probe Comp View 26 ‘Measuring Functions . 26 Check on HOLD OFF function. 27 Options Check on Prescalers PM 6681 Performance Check Report. 3 Disassembly Removing the Cover. Reinstaing the Cover. Fan PM 9621, PM 9624 or PM 9625 HF Input PM 96788 TCXO.. PM 9690 or PM 9691 Oven Oscillator Reinstalling the Battery... Exchange Procedure. 4 Circuit Descriptions 5 Block Diagram Description . General . Hardware Functional Description - Front Unit LOD Drivers. Keyboard, Main Board... Input Amplitior A Input Amplifier B Calioration Circuits Trigger Level Circuits Power Supply Counter Cireuits Oscillator Circuits . Logical Ciruits, GPIB Interface. Analog Output Rear Panel Unit. Optional Units HF inputs, Test Routines Tost Routines via AUX MENU Key Power-On Tests Repair Preventive Maintenance. Calibration... Oscilators.... Battery Replacement ... Troubleshooting. General Quick Troubleshooting Where to Start Logical Levels, Required Test Equipment Operating Conditions. Introduction : Running Test Programs Troubleshooting Tree Power Supply (Functional Level 1) Oscilator (Functional Level 2) Microcontroller (Functional Level 3) Microcomputer Kernel (Functional Level 4a) Microcomputer Kernel (Functional Level 49) 48 4-10 412 a4 416 418 418 419 420 420 423 423 4236 Interal Control Signals and Display (Functional Level 5). Internal Control Signals and Display (Functional Level 6). Keyboard (Functional Level 6) .. ‘Measuring Logic (Functional Level 7) Trigger Level DAC’s (Functional Level 8) Input Amplifier (Functional Level 9) GPIB interface and Analog output (Functional Level 10). . ‘Safety Inspection and Test After Rep: General Directives Safety Components . : Check the Protective Ground Connection Calibration Adjustments Introduction. Required Test Equipment Preparation . Power Supply... -- Crystal Oscillators 16 MHz Oscllstor External Reference Input Multiplier Standard Osclltor . 4100 MHz Frequency Muitipier Optional TCXO, PM 96788 Optional Oven Oscilaors, PM 8680 and PM 9894 Interpotator Input Amplifier ‘Step Response Channel A Channel B 4X Attenuator channel A. 10X Attenuator channel A 1X Attenuator channel B 40X Attenuator channel B Senetivity Trigger Levels .. 842 -BA2 513 54 518 518 519 15419 519 519 ‘Analog output. - 41.3 GHz HF-input, PM 9621 2.7 GHz HF-input, PM 9624 4.2 GHz HF-input, PM 96258. 45 GHz HF-input, PM 9825, 640 26-40 7 Replacement Parts Introduction Standard Parts Special Parts Mechanical Pats . Main Board Front board. 2746 L.TAT 2749 8 Schematic Diagrams How to Read the Diagrams .... see BQ Signals 82 Colored Areas... 82 Circuit Symbols... 82 Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Transistors and Other Components. : 82 Component Numbers 82 9 Appendix How to Replace Surface Mounted Devices 92 Electrostatic discharge .....- Glossary... New Unit 4 Replacement Parts, ‘Schematic Diagrams. Modo! PMGSBIR ......-. ‘OCXO Range Extended .. Option PM9671B. Replacement Parts . ‘Schematic Diagrams. 10 IndexChapter 1 Safety InstructionsWARNING: These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not perform any servicing other than that specified in the Operating Manual unless you are fully qualified to do so. Authorized service and calibration ofthis instrument is ava lable worldwide. A lis of service centers is printed on the last page ofthis manuel. Read this chapler carefully before you check, adjust or re- pair an instrument Caution and Warning Statements ‘You will find specific waming and caution statements who- re necessary throughout the manual CAUTION: Indicates where incorrect operating procedures can cause damage to, or dex struction of, equipment or other property. @ When the instrument is brought from a coid to a ‘warm environment, condensation may cause haz- ardous conditions. Therefore, ensure that the grounding re- quirements are strictly met. Power extension cables must always have a protective ground conductor. Indicates that the operator should consult the manual WARNING: Any interruption of the protecti- ve ground conductor inside or outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protec tive ground terminal, is likely to make the in- strument dangerous. Do not intentionally disrupt the protective grounding. Disposal of Hazardous Materials WARNING: Disposal of lithium batteries requi- res special attention. Do not expose the batteries to heat or put them under extensi- ve pressure. These measures may cause the batteries to explode. WARNING: Indicates a potential danger that re- quires correct procedures or practices in | order to prevent personal injury. This Timer/Counter has been designed and tested in ac- cordance with safety class 1 requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus of IEC publication 1010-1, and CSA 622.2 No.231, and has been supplied in a safe condition. ‘This manual contains information and warnings that should be followed by the user and the service technician to ensu re safe operation and repair in order to keep the Instru- ‘meat Ina safe condition. WARNING: The opening of covers or removal of parts, except those to which access can be gained by hand, is likely to expose live parts and accessible terminals which can cause death. ‘The instrument must be disconnected from all voltage sour- ces before itis opened. Remember that the capacitors insi- de the Instrument retain thelr charge aven if the instrument has been disconnected from all voltage sources. Grounding ‘This instrument is connected to ground via @ sealed three- core power cable, which must be plugged into socket out- iote with protective ground contacts. No othar method of grounding is permitted for this instrument. ‘The ground symbol on the rear panel indicates where the protective ground lead is connected inside the instrument Never remove or loosen this screw. 1-2. Safety Instructions, A lithium batiery Is used to power the non volatile RAM in this Instrumant. Our world suffers from pollution, so don't throw batteries into your wastebasket. Return used batte- fies to your supplier orto the Philips or Fluke organization In your country. Line Voltage ‘The Timer/Counter can be powered by any voltage be ‘ween 90 and 265 Vac without any range switching. Ths makes I stable forall nominal ne voltages between 100 and 240 V. * Replacing Components in Primary Circuits Components that are important forthe safety of this instru ‘ment may only be replaced by components obtained from ‘your local Philips or Fluke organization. After exchange of the primary circults, perform the safety inspection and tests, as described in Chapter 6, "Repair. » Fuses This instrument is protected by an ordinary 1.6 A slow biow fuse mounted inside the instrument. NEVER replace this fuse without frst exemining the Power Supply UnitChapter 2 Performance CheckGeneral Information WARNING: Before turning on the instrument, ensure that it has been installed in accord+ ance with the Installation Instructions outlined in Chapter 1 of the Operators M: nual. This performance procedure is intended to: (Check the instruments speciation. = Be used for incoming inspection to determine the accept abilty of newly purchased instruments and recently reca- librated instruments, = Check the necessity of re calibration after the specified recalibration intervals. NOTE: The procedure does not check every facet of the in- strumont's calibration; rather, it is concerned primarily with those parts ofthe Instrument which are essential for determining the function of th instrument. Itis not necessary fo remove the cover of the instrument to perform this procedure Ifthe testis started less than 20 minutes after turning on tho instrument, rosuts may be out of specification, due to insufficient warm-up time. Required Test Equipment Type of Required “Suggested instrument _| Specifications | _ Instrument TF synthesizer | Square; Psi8s Sine upto 2 mHz_| Digital Muliater | to 800 Vac & Vog | PWB5IS, Fluke 77 Powor Spltor Mgsaaio2 piece PMa0e7; YSHO7 “Termination 00. PMaSE5: Y9103 Low pass fer | 50 Kriz -[-Prasess01 Reference oMiz 10 for_| Philips countor oscisor 01 to 06 csctator_| with calbrated Site 110" fr | PIOEI 05 PM 6585R *) HF signal 2.1 Gizte | Fluke 60028 generator PMg621, 5 GHz | Witton 67178.20 forpuoiza g 25 | +) Pulse Generior | to 125 Mizz PRSTSSS PHSTET Oselloscope with | 350 Miz Pés205 probes: Power Supply | min 40 Voc e173, Pes97; Peis«2_| BNC abies Gio cables Table 2-1 Recommended Test Equipment *) This test equipment in needed if an option is installed. 2:2 Performance Check, General Information Preparations Power up your instruments at least 20 minu- 7 tes before checking to let them reach normal operating temperature. Failure to do so may Ny result in carta test stops not meeting equip ment specications. Front Panel Controls Power-On Test [At power-on the tmerfcounter performs an automatic solf- test of the flowing: — Microprocessor = RAM ~ ROM — Measuring circuits italso displays the GPIB address. If there are any test flues, an eror message is shown: Internal Self-Tests ‘The builtin test programs from the power-on test can also be activated from the front panel as follows: = Enter the Auxllary Menu by pressing AUX MENU. = Select the test submenu by pressing SELECT up or down, ~ Enter the test menu by pressing the ENTER Key. Selections for intemal selsests are: 1 TEST RO (ROM) TEST RA (RAM) TEST ASIC (Measuring Logic) TEST DISP (Display Test) TEST ALL (Test 1 10 4 In sequence) BBBBBRBBBES' fe a 3 Figure 2-1. Text on the display ~ Use SELECTISET to solect TEST ALL, then pross EN- TER. = Ifany fault is detected, an error message appears on the cisplay and the program halt. — If no faults are detected, the program returns to measu- ring mode,Keyboard Test Keyls) ‘This test verifes that the timercountor responds when you - press any key. To check the function behind the keys, see RESTART. > the tests further on in this chapter. STARTARM | Ar-St 7 Press the keys as described in the left column and look on RESTART ~ — the display forthe text, es described in the second column, STOP ARM | AF-5t0 OFF ‘Some keys change more text on the display than descri- RESTART | — = bed here. The dispiey text mentioned here Is the text most- PRESET renee ly associated wit the selected kay. = = NOTE: For the instrument to respond correctly, this test must CHECK 2000090000 Stat ‘be carried out in sequence and you must start with the yet OFF count Preset setting. MATH ‘ select y | arith ov, Key(s) Display | Pass | Note Enter” | 0000¢0000' Fai STAND-BY | Display OF Red LED Ke 2B ‘ese toner Tooeagooe Couning on ‘ON Baokight a Counting sting ~ eae oe Input A_ * Counting FILTER FILTER TaoTOpDTT Couning s0arime 500 1 700 0090000 ‘AIDC Do TaaTOpovIT Counting ‘AUTO 1x = 10x 0x, SETA 1.73] Woven ee0s0p0000 Couns ENTER Sar wat OFF swapace | A=S ENTER [ae0 0090000 Couning emt 8 FUNCTION 4 | TOTA-B MAN. L (6 times) soni ma Tor sust ‘Gale LED Tt SETB 0. 9 MENU Displays all 8th 098 V Entor avalale eae lg ACIDG. AC. Input controls. axi0x “0x Selected toms COM A COM A. sre blinking. _ HOLD OFF ON HOLD OFF oneeane Default HOLD OFF SET Bote th satin PRESET Table 2-2 Keyboard test. Other The LSD digit may vary. TIME 200s ** MENU is not disabled by setting DEFAULT, press menu: SELECT A 500° s again. ENTER HOLD DISPL HOLD. HOLD SINGLE SINGLE FUNCTION 4 | VOLT Aussan FUNCTION 4 | _RISERALL A FUNCTION VOLT A maxon FUNCTION > FREQA AUX MENU Asa Performance Check, Front Panel Controls 2-3Short Form Specification Test Sensitivity and Frequency Range = Press the PRESET key to set the timercounter in the detauk seting ‘Solect 50 0 input impedance and Non AUTO, (X1). Connect a signal rom a HF generator to a BNC power splt- CComect the power spliter to your ecunter and an esclosc>- pe. ‘Set input impedance to 50 2 on the oseloscope. ‘Adjust the amplitude according to tho following tablo. Road the level on the osciloscope. The timerfeounter should display the correct frequency. Trigger Indicators and Controls NOTE: This test must be performed in the sequence given. = Press the PRESET key to st the Timer! Counter in the fault seting. ~ Select Non AUTO, Xt attenuation, and 1 ME inout impe- ance for channel A = Connect the folowing signal to channel A Ino, 10 kHz, 09 Vpr, and + 0.50 Vox. ~ Verify that the three modes forthe tigger indleator aro ‘working propery by changing the tigger lavel = Press the SET A key and enter 1 via the keyboard, thon voriy by pressing ENTER. Check the trigger inde cator according to Tale 2-4 = Press the SET A key and enter ~1 via the keyboard, then verify by pressing ENTER. Check the trigger Ind+ cator according to Table 2-4 ~ Press the SET A key and enter 0 via the keyboard Table 2-3 Sensitivity for A & B inputs at various frequencies Connect the signal to input B. = Select 50 0 input impedance and SWAP A <> B on the counter. = Repeat the above measurements for input B. Check VMAX/VMIN Check DAC for tigger level settings. = Sot your timerfeounter in default setting by pressing PRESET. = Select DC coupling, 1 MO input impedance and VOLT A. IMAXIMIN, but do not connect any input signal ~ The counter should now indicate: ‘Vuax = 0 0.004V and Vian = 0 + 0.004V. ~ Connect 2 4.00 Vpe level to channel A, using an exter nal low pass fiter on the input. — The readings should be: Vax = 4.000 + 0.044V, Vian = 4.000 + 0.044V, — Change the DC level to 40V. — The counter should Indicate: Vix = 40.04 O84V, Via = 40.0 £ 0.84. ~ Repeat the measurement with inverted polarity ~ Press MATH and select (K*X*LYM to change fo Vp measurements ~ Press ENTER. = Connect a sinusoidal signal to channel A with an empl tude 4.00 Vip and a frequency of 100 kH2. The indication should be 4.00 + 0.244V. — Change the amplitude to 18 Vpp. = The dispiay should read 18.0 # 1.84V. = Select SWAP A +» B, and connect the signal to channel B. Repeat the measurements for B as described above. 2-4 Performance Check, Short Form Specification Test Frequency Love Pass/Fail then verify by pressing ENTER. Check the trigger ind Miz | mVpp [mVaye] @Bm | tmput | input | ‘cator according to Tale 2-4 A |B - i a7 | 2 Manually | Trigger Pass/Fail Ed st | 20 sot trigger | indicator |~inputA | Input B 00 |__| 20 |_ level 200 35 | 30 HY. ea 250) 113 | 40 1, on 200) ‘70 | 60 oov [inking i Table 2-4 Trigger indlcator check Select SWAP A « B, and AC coupling on channel 8, land repeat the exercise for channel B. Trigger level check = Deselect SWAP A «+ B, connect the generator to chan nel A and check the trigger setings and inleators accor- ding o Table 25. Trigger setting Trager |_Pass/Fail indicator __[Taput A | Input B SETA=OV inking | (DC coupling on ! SETA= 07 V inking 50.0 Impedance of ["seT A= o2v inking ‘AC coupting & 41M Impedance banking X10 Attenuation of SETA 00V | blinking Xi Atenuaton| inking Table 2-5 Trigger level check = Select A B ~ Connect the signal to channel B. Select AC coupling on channel B, and repeat the pro- Vous settings for chan B. — Connect the signal to channel A. — Only the tigger incicator for channel A should be biking. = Press COM A. ~ Both indicators should be binking = Connect the signal to channel B. ~ No trigger indicator should be blinkingReference Oscillators Xéalosclators are affected by a numberof extemal condi- tine Tk ambient temperature and supply voltage but leo by ageing. Therefore itis hard to givolimts for the allowed frequency deviation, The user himself must decide the I> mits depending on his appicaton, and recalibrate the oscl- lator accordingly. See the Preventive Maintenance chapter. Oscillator | __-Max Max Max temperature| ageing | ageing year dependence | month Standard, ot | sore | #60 He PM 86788, 02 ike 25H Pi 9660, 04 | 202 He tz Pl 9693, 05 othe | s075He Table 26 Deviation (for PM 9690 and PM 9691 after 448 hours war up time) To check the accuracy of the oscillator you must have a ca- librated reference signal that is at least five times as stable as the oscillator that you are testing, see the following ta- ble. If you use @ non 10 MHz reference, you can use the mathematics in PM 6881 to multiply the reading, Set the counter to default settings by pressing PRESET. = Connect the reference to Input A = Check the readout against the accuracy requirements of your application. * Acceptance Test ‘As an acepianco ist the olin abe gives a worst case fre ater 30 rinutos warm up tie, Al deat tat can cecurin Yee are adced goto Press STAT key under PROCESS — Press SELECT key untl cisplay show ST DEV. = Meas Time = 50 us = Wand B inputs: = 50.0 input impedance = Non AUTO = Trigger level = DC coupling ov ‘The result should be (sid dev) < 0.05° s. Rear Input/Output 10 MHz OUT = Connect an oscilloscope to the 10 MHz output on the rear of the counter. Use coaxial cable and 50 9 termina tion. = The output voltage is sine wave shaped and should be above 600 mV ims (1.4 V p-p), GATE OPEN Output — Set your timerfcounter in Defauit setting by pressing the PRESET. — Select CHECK, Non AUTO, and Meas Time = 5 ms. = Connect the asciloscope to the Gate Open output via a Coaxial cable. Set the oscloscope to 1msidvision. = Tho Gate Monitor output should be a pulse simliar to the Figure 2-2 1 Mohm: 50 obm: mm: peev sia Oscillator | Frequency readout] Suitable [Pass reference | (Fail ‘Sianderd, 1 | —10.00000000 wz |” PM 96785 S150 He PM 96788, 02 | 10.00000000 wiz | PM 9600 215He ‘PM 9690, 04 | 40.00000000 Wizz | PM 6686 22H ‘PA 869%, 05 | 70.00000000 Witz | PAF @B5B He L Table 2-7 Acceptance fest for osclators Resolution Test ~ Connect pulse generator toa power splter = Gonnect one side of the power spliter to the A Input of the counter via a coaxial cable. = Connect the other side of the power split to the B In- put ofthe counter. Settings forthe pulse generator = Amplitude = 1 Vpp, (high lovel +1V and low level oV) = Period approximately 1 us = Duration = approximately 60 ns = Rise time 2 ns Settings for the tinencounter, ater Preset: = Function = Time AB = single <04V <04V Amsidiv, Figure 2-2 Signal on gate open output REFERENCE IN Set the counter to Default Setting by pressing PRESET. = Connect EXT REF out from another counter to input A. — Connect a 10 MHz + 100 Hz, 200 mV rms, (0.87 V -p) signal to EXT REF IN at the rear, terminated with 502. ~ Select Ext Ref. — The display should show 10 Miz. Change the input frequency to 5, 2, and 1 MHz respeo- ‘vy. — The display should stil show 10 MHz. Performance Check, Rear Input/Output 2-6EXT ARM input = Solect non AUTO. ~ Settings for pulse generator: single shot pulse, amplitude ‘TTL = 0-2 Vpp, and duration = 10 ns. Gonnect a pulse generator to EXT ARM input. — Press START ARM key. = Press SELECT key unti display shows ‘POS’, confirm with ENTER key thre times. The counter does nat measure. — Apply one single pulse to EXT ARM input = The counter measures once and shows 10 MHz on the display. TRIG LEVEL A&B Outputs — Press the PRESET key, to set the timer/eounter in the Measuring Functions Preparation for Check of Measuring Function: — Press the PRESET key, to set the timertoounter in the default setting, = Connect a 10 MHz sine wave signal with 2.0 Vpp ampli- tude to Input A Select the following settings for the timer/counter: — 50 @ input impedance for A and — Non AUTO = COMA, = Check that the fimentcounter performs the correct meas- urement, by displaying the result as shown under the "Display" column in Table 2-8. default setting. = Talon Display | Passl ~ Connect a votimeter to TRIG LEVEL A(B) OUT st the iain a play |Past a FREQ A | 10 Miz 3 ~ Set the Trigger Love (SET AVB) onthe font to the folo- I wing values, and veri the votmeter's readout 2 PERA 300 SET AB) Readout | _ Pass/Fal RATIO AB aiose0ee [input A | Input 8 ‘Select 10000000 + s00v__| + sve o28v |_ NeG SLOPE B ~e00v SVs 026 RATIO.GB 0000008 0.00 DV z DOW ‘PWIDTH A_|_ 50000"? 6 TIME AB 5000077 eT able 2 heck 5 Table 2-8 Trigger level oufputs liked ee TOT AB ¢ Probe Comp View MAN ~ rss the PRESET key to st the timercounterin default Deoeect a setting COMA - Tor wang STSTOP ToT ep cong STSTOP __ |” Sea COMA TOTA 1 nn TOTA z 1B Sect pos sure 8 | DUTYFA asoo000 Select AUTO | asao0a0 7 | ‘Figure 2-3 Adjusiment of he counters probe. RISE/FALL 30000°* 2) A vour i000 ~ Select TIME A-B, non AUTO, X1 attenuation and DC MAX/MIN, ~1000V ‘coupling for both channels — Set the LF eynthosizer to 2 kHz square wave and 8 Ver amplitude. — Connect synthesizer to Input A via a BNO-cable. = Use an oscilloscope to check the signal at Probe Comp View, at the rear. The square wave will have the same slop response and 4 Vpp amplitude. = Select X10 attenuation ~ Check that the square wave Is 2 kHz and 0.4 Ver. = Repeat this test for channel B. 2:6 Performance Check, Measuring Functions Table 2-9 Measuring functions check 1) Value depends on the symmetry of the signal 2) Exact value depends on input signal 3) Ian C-option is Installed.Check on HOLD OFF function Press PRESET on the timerfcounter. Select the folowing settings for the timercounter: = Press CHECK. ~ Salect PER A, — The counter should show 10 * s* ~ Select HOLD OFF. = The counter should show 1 * s* ~ Sat the Hold off time to 500° s, The counter should show 500 * s * The LSD digits may vary Options Check on Prescalers To verify the specification of the HF inputs in the instru ment, perform the measurements below. ° PM 9621 Required Test Equipment | Suggested instrument HF slgnl oenertor [Fie 60620 Table 2-10 Test equipment for 1.3 Gis Hinput = Connect the output of the signal generator to the HF ine = Verify that the counter counts correctly. (The last digit will be unstable. ° PM 9624, PM 9625B, or PM 9625 Roguired Test Equipment | Suggested instrument IHF signal generator |witron 67175-20 Table 2-12 Test equipment for 2.7, 4.2, and 4.5 GHz HF-n- puts = Connect the output of the signal generator to the HF in- put ofthe counter. — Connect the 10 MHz REFERENCE OUT of the generator the REFERENCE IN atthe rear panel of the countar. ‘Setting forthe timer/eounter after Preset. = Function = FREQ C. = EXT REF. Figure 2-5 Connect the output of the signal generator {0 the HF-input of the counter. — Generate a sine wave in accordance with the correspon- ding tables below. Table 2-11 Sensitivity of PM 9621 put of the counter. Frequency Amplitude | — Connect the 10 MHz REFERENCE OUT of the generator MHz mVaus | aBm_| to the REFERENCE IN at the rear panel of the counter. 400-300 20 =| Setting for tho timorZoountar eter Pros. 2500 “0 | a7 | — Function = FREQ C. [2700 zo_| 21] = EXT REF. Table 2-13 Sensitivity of PM 9624. SNe eee Frequency Pasa jescezecesss & Sf@]2 523 Miz "50.500 = 2200 = 3500 53 #200 i Ie Table 214 Sonstiviy of PM 86258, igure 24 Connect the oulput of th signal generator to the HF-input ofthe counter. Frequency | Amplitude Pass/Fail — Generate a sine wave in accordance with the correspon- MHz mVaus | dBm ding tabie below. | —Fs0.300 20 | =21 2500 10 | 27 Frequency ‘Amplitude Pass/Fail, soos = i = MHz mays | dBm = = 70500 a = 4500 so | =13 “100 1523 Table 2-15. Sonsitvty of PM 9625. 200 40] 15 — Verify that the counter counts correctly. (The last digit will be unstable. Performance Check, Check on HOLD OFF function 2-7This page is intertonall lft blank. 2:8 Performance Check, OptionsPM 6681 Performance Check Report Power-On Test it (page ree ness Pere Bess (eros) nea rors xox aret nts cEGhaalSena cM ien es (iio Peace rer int PRESET ENTER| *) The LSD aight may vary. 7") MENU is not disabled by setting DEAFULT, press. menu agaln, Seine TH mae a Barca ET ee a Baer i ars ee Sir Ace Utah ree rezk reg ENTER VOEE a Pen ee etn ea el tri eae miteBee eel Resolution Test Era cu Trae rere al ea Gee a = Geers ete eee ee ieee’ aie a | Rear Input/Output (errr ea) ane [ative tnd esate Pia eae ees ess (eet a Gaerne te ceas reat Risen Nee te meets ae tsoes an eect) eri acs Een «2 ca eve | uzcomion fa ae Sse LIorENRes faint 1) Value depends on the symmetty of the signal 2) Exact value depends on input signal Perea eet Res oh Ere ecg cena Seed Aieoics mtsChapter 3 Disassembly‘The terms inthe following figure are used in all descriptions in ‘his manual. Top Rear J-Right Front Bottom Figure 3-1 Terms used in this manual. ‘The PM 6681 Is avallable with a number of options and acoes- sories. The labels on the rear panel ofthe counter identify the ‘options and accessories included. If there are no labels, the ‘counter contains an uncompensated crystal oscillator and no cptions. The following labels exist PM 9617/81 Rear Panel Inputs PM 9821 1.3 GHz. HF input PM 9824 2.7 GHz HF input PM 9825 4.5 GHz HF input PM 9878B TCXO PM 9690 Oven Oscillator PM 9691 Oven Oscillator ‘The location of these optional parts [s lustrated in Fig. 3-2 Rear panel inputs Power Supply uit UU uu nil HF input Figure 3-2 Location of the boards in the counter. 3-2 Removing the Cover Removing the Cover WARNING: Do not perform any internal service or adjustment of this Instrument unless you are qualifyed to do so. WARNING: When you remove the cover you will expose live parts and accessible termi- nals which can cause death. WARNING: Although the power switch is in the off position, line voltage is present on the printed circuit board. Use extreme caution. WARNING: Capacitors inside the instrument can hold their charge even if the instrument has been separated from all voltage sources. = Moke sure the power cor is disconnected from the counter. — Turn the counter upside down, = Loosen the screw (A) at the bottom and the two screws (B) inthe rear feet, — Grip the front panel and gently push atthe rear. = Pull the counter out of the cover. @ ed re a 3 hs Figure 3-3 Remove the screws and push out the counter from the cover, Reinstalling the Cover Push the countor gently back inthe cover. NOTE: Be sure thet the screen shilaing on the front make contact to the cover ~ Tum itupside down = Install the two serewe (A) atthe bottom. — Install the two rear feet with the screws (B) to the rear panelFan = Disconnect the power cable. — Remove the cover from the counter. — Remove the two screws (A) and nuts (B) from the fan. = Disconnect the fan eable from J18, When reinstaling the fan, be sure that the alr-fow arrow fon the fan points to the rear of the counter and that the black wire Is oriented toward the power module. Figure 3-4 The fan is fastened with four screws and nuts, PM 9621, PM 9624 or PM 9625 HF Input = Disconnect the power cable. = Remove the cover from the counter. = Disconnect the cable from the minl-coax connector (A) fon the HF Input. = Press the clips (B) apart and lift the HF Input pea straight up and out ~ When instaling the HF input, make sure that the connec tor pins fit exactly in the holes in the connector housing (©). Figure 3-6 Removing the HF input. PM 9678B TCXO Disconnect the power cable. Remove the cover of the counter. Remove the screw (A) holding the TCXO to the main a from beneath, Lift the TCXO straight up. Make sure that the jumpers J12 and J15 are set In the correct positon, When instaling the TCXO, make sure that the connector ins ft exactly in the holes in the connector housing, Figure 3-6 Lift the TCXO straight up after removing the fastening screw. Fan 3-3PM 9690 or PM 9691 Oven Oscillator ~ Disconnect the power cable. — Remove the cover of the counter. — Remove the screw (A) holding the oscillator to the main ca from beneath, = Press the clip (B) gently to the front of the counter and lit the oscillator straight up. = Make sure that the jumpers J12 and J18 are set in the correct postion. — When fing the oscilator, make sure that the connector pins ft exactly in the holes in the connector housing. Figure 3-7 A clip and a screw hold the oven oscila- tors in place. Reinstalling the Battery ‘The Instrument will lose its stored programs and front panel settings when the battery is replaced if not connected to the line power. WARNING: Disposal of lithium batteries requi res special attention. Do not expose the batteries to heat or put them under extensi+ ve pressure. These measures may cause the batteries to explode. 3-4 PM 9690 or PM 9691 Oven Oscillator Return used batteries to your supplieror fo yourlocal Fluke or- ganization, Exchange Procedure move the cover ofthe counter. = connect the counter tothe line power but Keep it sw shed oft. — Lit the metal lp and press the battery towards the font of the counter using a sorewarver Figure 3-8 Location of battery Gt. ~ Clean the battery connectors with @ cotton swat and ab cohol. NOTE: Do not touch the new battery with your hands to avoid self discharging, — Insert a new battery between the metal clip and the pla- stc holder. You will find the ordering number in the Re- placements Parts Chapter Disconnect the power cable. = Reinstall the cover to the counter. Don't throw batteries in your wastebasket. Return used batte- ties to your supplier.Chapter 4 Circuit DescriptionsBlock Diagram Description General The PM 6881 Timer/Counter consists of three main units = Front unit = Main board unit — Rear panel unit ‘Several options can be added, these are: ~ Prescalers (1.3 GHz PM 9621, 2.7 GHz PM 9824, 4.2 GHz PM 96258, and 4.5 GHz PM 9625) ~ Oscillators (TCXO PM 9678B and oven oscillators’ PM 9690 and PM 9691) — Rack mount adapter (PM 9622) Rear panel inputs (PM 9811/81) ‘The chassis of the counter consists of a front place molded in aluminum, an aluminum rear panel, and three aluminum profes that hold the front and rear panels together. This Unit can be slid into the aluminum cover of the instrument, ‘The front unit contains al functions needed for the user communication. A flat cable connects the front unit to the main board unit, and the molded frontpiece screws onto the two aluminum profiles. 4.2 Block Diagram Description Most functions, such as the following, are placed on the main board! = Input amplifiers with tigger level circuits = Power supply = Measurement logic = Microcomputer circutry — GPIB-bus ‘Analog output — External reference input = Exiaral arming input ‘Some outputs, such as the TRIGGER LEVEL and PROBE COMPENSATION VIEW outpuis are directly mounted on the main board, The rear panel unit is an aluminum panel with a number of mounted connectors. Most of the connectors are soldered directly to the main board. The rear panel screws onto the ‘wo aluminum profies, NOTE: Simplified extractions from the Schematic diagrams ‘are used inthis chapter. For complete information, soe Chapter 8, Schematic Diagrams.‘Optional osc 10 MHz out “-(as} Probe comp B L AandB —— Trig + | Micro computer Local/Preset Reset Trig lev. A out ! _ +! Power supply 90-265 V Gate LED 2 Ph ran] Figure 41 Block dagram PI 6687. Block Diagram Description 4-3Hardware Functional Description Front Unit LCD Drivers [ir] Pres rorasre saree | Epes Fe-bus Leo soa Yore 158 coments Toe 2 talon Diver2 |] Porasrs Figure 4-2 Front panel LOD drivers. ‘The front unit is made of a molded aluminum front. The keypad Is made of slicon rubber with screened carbon pads on a PC board that covers the total front. An LCD and four LED's are used as indicators. To show both the measurement result and the state indicators ofthe instru- ment setting @ LCD Is used. The LED's shows standby, ga- ting, and triggering channel A and B. thas 160 segments that are multiplexed with a rato of 2:1, Two cascade coupled LCD drivers (U201 and U202) fare used. A serial [°C bus connects the drivers to the i= controller on the main board, R201 sets the clock frequen- coy of the drivers to approximately 140 kHz. The VLCD pin Is connected to GND on the main board. ‘A back-light Is provided with the LOD. This is an LED array integrated to one component. It uses approximately 0.35 A ‘and dissipates approximately 1.5 W. 4-4. Hardware Functional Description Keyboard Main PCA usd | Front panel 1 1 | ony |e BY aa ' ae i 5) mp | 2] fas) | — 1 Figure 4-22 Keyboard scanning ‘The push buttons are connected in a matrix and the scan- ring signals HO to H7 are coming from the main board. If buttén is pressed and HO to HT is high, one of the output signals VO to VF will be high. VO to V7 are also connected to an interrupt input, PO.7 on the y-controller UB via the AND gatas U21 and U87. The LOCAL-PRESET buttor rot part of the scanning, but connected direcly to the AND gates U2! and U87. ‘Three sorews fix the front unit tothe main board unit. A 40-pin fat cable electrical connects the front unit tothe main board,Main Board Input Amplifier A Input amfers A and 8 are two matched 800 MHz amp fier celts: Channel A end channel B Channels A and B are Kenteal except the 100-KHz fier In channel A, the switching ccuty forthe separateleommon modes, tho B-channel delay line, and event delay output “The folowing description refers to channel A but is also vax lid for channel B, (see Figure 4-4). Four main stages makes the input amplifier: Input stage, impedance converter stage, comparator stage and butter stage « Input Stage ‘The input stage contains: = 50 2/1 Ma impedance selector = AX/10X attenuator = AGIDG coupling = Voltage liter 50 O11 MQ impedance YL ae, fie fie Lea be me) e Figure 4-3 Impedance selector, 1X/0X attenuator and AC/DC coupling. Relay K2A select 50 9 or 1 MQ impedance mode. 50 2 is Solacted via resistors R135 to R146 If the relay switch Is Closed. 1 MG? is selected ifthe gwitch Is open, (soe Figure 4-8), Depending on selected attenuation, the 1 MQ Input impedance is determined by lfferent combination of resistors. Resistor network RT, R8, R22 to R24, and RO2 deierments the 1X atlenuation. Together with 1X resistors Ra to R6 and R10 to R12 sets the Impedance in 10X atte ‘uation. The input capacitance in parallel with 1 MO is 15 pF. Resistor R92 immediately after the selector serves both as current limiter with the voltage limiter (see below) and as impedance matching resistor. This resistor also im- proves the V Standing Wave Ratio of the amplifier. 4X/10X attenuator ‘The 1X attenuator consists of the resistive low frequency dl- vider, which reduces the input signal by a factor of 2.3. R7, Ra, R22 to R24, and R92 forms the attenuator, (see Figure 4-3), The variable capacitor C40 and the parasitic capac tance forms the capacitive high frequency divider in para lol with R22 to R24, Variable capacitor C40 adjusts the capacitive attenuator to the seme attenuation as the resistive. Resistors Ré to R6 and R10 to R12 forms the 10X atte- huator. The variable capacitor C1 and the resistors R10 to Ri2 forms the capactive divider. The parasitic capacitance is in parallet with resistor R10 to R12, (0432 set the 10X Input capacitance equal to the 1X Input capacitance, ACIDC coupling Relay K4A select AC/DC - coupling. In AC coupling relay 4A Is open and the signal is fod through the AC capacitor 5, (see Figure 4-8), In DC coupling the relay KAA Is clo- ‘sed and the AC capacitor CS is short-circuited. To protect the relay contact the two resistors R20 and R21 serve as current limiters Pre Trigger. — comp. A level A Imp. | LP Comp & Timp. Hatt. coup: |ftimited 4 conv. | titer | arator Butfer| 9. [Common] Event }— delay B Simp. att. | {coups {Limite | ime, Come detay || Buter| Conv. arator Tego. _ | rove level B a ‘comp, B Figure 4-4 Input amplifier block diagram. Hardware Functional Description 4-545 R28 os ZX YZ oieaoee From To Impedance aciocrelay | converter stage * veZy YZ o+8os td Ir Las Figure 4-5 Voltage limiter ‘A voltage limiter that protects the impedance converter ‘against over voltage is placed betwoen the AC/DC selector and the impedance converter, (see Figure 4-5). It consists of resistor R26, the diodes D18, D62, and D8 to clamp po- sive voltage. Resistor R25 plus the diodes D4, DS, and 19 to clamp negative voltage. The clamp voltage is appro- ximately 2.7 V at low frequency signals. At high frequency the clamp voltage rises to approximately 3.0 V. * Impedance Converter Stage ‘Te analog signal fom the input stage is fo to an ampl- fier stage where spli-band technique is used to get a good ‘frequency response over a wide range, (see Figure 4-6) This means thatthe high frequency path ofthe signal Is fed via a high impedance AC-coupled FET transistor stage. in parallel via a DC coupled feedback operational ampitier stago, the low frequency path s fed. The low frequency path handles frequencies up to approximately 5 kHz Through tho FET, Vi gate the high frequency signal is fed ‘The high impedance at the gate is converted to a low impe~ cance atthe source. Common for both high frequency and fow frequency path the souree Is connects to the HF-transk stor V2. To make the FET work wel in its actve region within the whole dynamic range, the FET-crain is supplied with +12 V Via resistor Re ‘Two resistors, R16 and R17 divides the low frequency sk 4gnal before itis coupled to the input pin 2 of the operatio- nal amplifier Ut. Resistors R14 and R16 at U1 pin 6, cen- tor the output swing, and eapactor C3 stalizes the opera- tional amplifier stage. ‘The low frequency path goes via the operational amplifier, tne base and collector ofthe transistor V25. This point (co! tector of V25) isthe common point forthe high and lo fe ‘quency paths ofthe input frequency. From Protection To Probe comp-A To Common switch Figure 4-6 Impedance converter 4-6 Hardware Functional DescriptionA driver slage (V22), an output stage (V28), and a current generator (V26), forms an amplifier with high output cure rent. This amplifier is used to get a linear output in the 1000 load resistor R101 over a swing of 2 V. From the output ofthis second amplifier stage, the signal ‘goes back to the operational amplifier pin 3 via divider R27 to R29 and R167. Trim potentiometer R167 sets the gain ‘ofthe low frequency path equal to the high frequency gain, (about 0.9}. Capacitor C30 is connected to Ut pin 1 and 8 to achieve stable operation. The trim potentiometer R18 be- ‘ween pin 1 and 5 on Ut Is used to adjust the offset volt- ge of the operational amplifier The channel A filer connected to the output of the second amplifer siage is a 100 kHz LC-fiter. It consists of col Lt and two capacitors, C29 and C241 in parallel. Two relay- contacts, KSA and KSB, conitols the Miter The fier output is connected to the input of the comparator stage. The output of the ampiier stage is also connected to the ar panel via the amplifier U9S. By using this output called "ROBE COMPENSATION A’ its possible to compensate fa probe connected to the counter. This voltage Is also con- nected to an analog input in the j-controller. This makes it possible for the y-controlle to get a quick knowledge about the input voltage « Comparator Stage Tig Lowa RAT From S| Impedance convener & Figure 4-8 Comparator and buffer stages. ‘The comparator stage converts the analog signal from the impedance converter stage to a square wave, (see Figure 4-8). This circuit consists mainly ofthe high speed integre- ted comparator US and a separate tigger level circuit con- nected to the comparator at pin 8 via resistor RS7. ADC level In the range of approximately -2 V to +2 V are ‘generated by the trigger level circuits, which are desorbed later. This covers a dynamic range of 5 V since the input si- ‘gnal is divided by a factor of about 2.4 before it reaches the comparator. ‘The counter is provided with fixed hysteresis ie. it ls not controlabie via the front panel or GPIB, » Buffer Stage Before the signal is fed further into the ASIC O@0502, USB Ithas to be converted by the buffer stage, (see Figure 4- 8). The negative ECL logic levels (~~0.9V to ~ ~1.7 V) {rom US pins 2 and 3, are converted to a single-ended si anal with positive ECL logic levels (~ 4.1 V to ~ 3.3 V). ‘The buffer isa differential ampiffer consisting ofthe two transistors, V27 and V28 whose bases are fed differentially from the two comparator outputs. Resistor R83 sets the current in the stage. Resistors REG and R67 serve as cur- ront limiters to stabilize the stage and the two collector rest store R64 and R65. « Common B via A we Bate stage A From i Input Riot Rice uw 1 From Buter opin age Figure 4-7 Common B via A ‘The output signal from V23/ V26 can also be fed to the B- channet comparator, (see Figure 4-7). This is done in Com- mon B via A mode. Relay K9A and K9B connects the com- parator inputs pin 7 (A) and 10 (B) in parallel. Simultane- ‘ously relay K9B disconnects the output signal from Input 8 to the B-channel comparaior. In separate mode, the relays connect the output signal from input B to B-channel compa- rator input pin 10 (K9B), and disconnect the signal from in- put A to the B-channel comparator pin 10 (K9A) ‘The resistors R101 and R118 set the impedance in the comparator stage to 100 0. Hardware Functional Description 4-7Input Amplifier B Input channe! is the same as input channel A withthe fol iowing exceptions: = The Common B via A switehes, that connect the B-chan- nel comparator tothe input signal on channel A The B-channel delay tne. ~ The B-channel has no lowpass fit. — The B-chennel has @ special event-delay signal output to (000504, US6. Delay Line a Sonu 7 seve os: Bre = © @ 10 LJ il | b Figure 4-9 Delay lines. ‘Aine of approximately 65 om is placed betwoen th channel comparator output" pins 15 and 16 and the buffer stage V33 and V4, (see Figure 4-9). This delay lin is a 4-8 Hardware Functional Description part of the crcult boar. It should compensate for delays in ‘oa0502, Use. * Event Delay {Aso for sein the aing func, the inverse output fom the butler stage V4 of channa Bs uoed ooo Figure 4 40). Tis signal caled EVENT-DELAY, is connected to he a0508 creat USS via the transsior V2 and the 1, UAT wich worl a 2 ruler “The EVENT-DELAY signa is also used by the HOLD-OFF fol when te Input pulses shouldbe counted, (see Gout ter circuits on page 11). enon vs CT lees oe veme ws sooate [+ on 3 wae ; Figure 4-10 Event delay. Calibration Circuits US3 and a delay line on the PCA generates a xc ns long pulse, end feed Ito channel B Input on the counter IC, U8, This pulse is inated by the yrconitoller pulso CAL TEST-PULSE.Trigger Level Circuits ‘The tager level cults generate the vigger levels to the ‘and B inputs. The tigger level range is 51 V to + 5.1 V with a resolution of 1.25 mV. As the Input ampliflerattenue- tion is approximately about 2.4 times, the tigger level c- cails generate a DC lvel that has the same attenuation ‘This means thatthe output ofthis ceuit has a range of ~ 2.2 Vto +22 V with a resolution of 0.5 mv. To get the high resolution, wo 12 DACS are used. The Supply vol tages tothe tigger lavel cults are fitred to prevent nok se from the digital cicuity to influence the tigger level, (Gee Figure 4-11, The tigger lovel circuits consists of = Roforence voltage circuit (2.5 V), (UB6). — Reference voltage inverter circuit (-2.6 V), (USS). = A multiplexer to select positive or negative reference voltage and Full scale 8 or Full scale common B trim mers, (UB0), Buffer circuits, (U64 and U62) = Two Digital o Analog converters, (U63 and US4). = Two currentto-voltage converters (UBS and U66). These circuits convert the current at the IOUT pins of the DACs to a voltage. This signal has a range of approximately 24 Vo 21 V. — Two output buffers and RC filters for the trigger level out- puts on the rear panel. (U87). — ti oes 7 v0 — a ro oer EF TnlcoeR ees LT! . | | | 5 rusates UT UES cle (k " ‘common B scale A Figure 4-11 Trigger level circuits. Hardware Functional Description 4-9Power Supply © Primary Circuits ‘The powor supply goneraes fv regulated DC supply voll esto the cour also penerates somo cher supply w= {ages for special purposes The power supply block also contains the ON/STANDBY logic, (see Figure 4-12). ‘The main buingock ofthe power eupply Is the primary Sten mode power ereuts, A rection make a DC-vliane of the line power AC-voltage (90 V to 265 V), before it is fodto the suite eels. ‘After a tne-power itor n the power inet, a fuse and an NTC-tesistor protect the power supply. The fuse (Ft) Shout only bow fa catastrophe er oeeurs ont p> tary sie ofthe power supoy. A snoreccut onthe secon Gary sie shou not afet to primary ig, To minimize tho curent ash to th capaci atthe eomnocton ofthe power cod, an NTCesistr (R297) fused, Te ressian- tes 182 when the fessor sco, but docrase to ow cms when warmed up by th cunt. The AC volage Teuiied inte Bdge recor D40 and fered in €290, Giet, 6188, and C184 sould suppress noise fom O40 (20.6473, and 0178 forms tere FA pow fer PSEA A c173 ci74 F460 to Rao, {| R467, and R468) 50 vss Cc W Sy SENCE our ENCE Our LS] 90 Re VREF Dyes wo t OO Aw veo Y aa Figure 4-12 Power supply, primary circuts. 4-10. Hardware Functional Description 139 and L40 prevent HF-nolse from the switch circuitry to. reach the line-power inlet R460 to R463, RAST, and RABE gives the start up voltage to the contol circuitry UBt. U8t outputs a frequency of 420 kHz on OUT (pin 10) o tho switch transistor VSB. When the switch transistor has started US1 wil be supplied from the transformer T1 pin 3 via the diodes OSOA and 508. Every switch pulse causes a voltage drop over the resi sors R471 to RA7S and R558. This voltage feeds the SEN- SE input (pin 5) of the contol crcult UBT, When the vol- age has reached the internal reference level in UBt, the switch transistor VSB is tuned off ‘60 is a blanking transistor that wil compensate for high transionts generated by he transformer Tt. The interna sawtooth generator RC (pin 7) in UBt Is con- nected to the SENSE Input via V5, to compensate for low toad ‘The regulated #5 Vie senced by U82 and adjusted by R446. The output of UB2is connected to the VF input (pin 3) of U9t via the opto coupler U90. The VREF pin (pin 14) outputs a reference votage of S V De. * Secondary Circuits {A voitago over the capactor C378 is generated by the dio- des DS6A and DEB. This votage is ised to generate a poweraiure interrupt, (NM) 0 the contol, when the tne-powor disappears, (ose Figure 4-13). From the module there ae three DC volages outputs. One of those is regulated (+5 V) andthe ofers are unregul- ted. Theso voltages wil vary with Input ne vokage, the eu tent ai 5 V, and al the unregulated votages. The oulpu, ‘arkod +16, wil be 14.8:Vt0:21 Vand the output marked 3 wil be 125 V to~7.5V. The oulpus are fitred, HF- fered by C176, C177, and C178 and LF-itered by L19, (24,122, 179, 0329, and C328, These tree DC votages er used to ake te folowing fve supply votages in the counter 45V From the switch transformer T1 via 48 and regulated by \V48 and UT2. “62 ~9V is regulated by V17, U73, and U74. 12 VREG +15 V is regulated to +12 V by U68. #12: VREG is used for the optional oven oscillator and the STAND-BY indicator. “2V “+12REG V is swithed on and off by +5 V via V18 and V48, 47V U70 and UT! regulates +12 V to be +7 V. ‘The voltages for special purposes are:wv Used unregulated. At stand-by, the regulated supply voltages except +12VREG are switched off. However some special vota- {ges are not, because the oven oscillator should be on and the ON/STANDBY logic should function, therefore, the pri- ‘mary power circuits wil never be switched off. PM 88841 has only a secondary power switch, A relay (K1C) disconnects the load of the +8 V and -5.2 V at stand-by. Because the power circuits always must have 4 load on the regulated voltage, @ biseder resistor R349 is ‘always connected to +5 V. At standby the counter only needs +12 V, and to get enough current of this voltage, a ccortain current of the rogulated #6 V must be used. 45 V controls the switching on/off of +12 V and +7 V. When +5 V is on, V48 conducts, and the base of V18 will be approximately #11 V and the transistor will conduct, ie. +12 V willbe on. If there is no +5 V, Val will be off, and the base of V18 will be +12 V, thus blocking the +12 V. ‘The ON/STANDBY logic controls relay KA, which opera- tes as described above. J15 have three functions: Normal 1A controlied by the ON/STANDBY logic. Removed KiA allways open. Ground KA allways closed. Fan ‘The temperature Is senced by counter elroult USB which ‘outputs an analog signal io the p-controller US, The j-con- troller also senses the temperature on the main PCA via FAN C ug99 V62 i < Fan cs > +12VREG > +12V U70 & U71 >+7V |. +5V U72 &V49 Figure 4-13 Power supply. Hardware Functional Description 4-11Input é —— a ian Inpt _ BR EE wi External reference input + - fe ea 5 a Se | ae j a Sep] >t eos = bk |e] ts | focuses | sane 3 everroetan ||| face self pS E Figure 4-14 090502 and 0Q0504 block diagram. the resistor R54 and then controls the fen via U99 and vee. 4-12 Hardware Functional DescriptionCounter Circuits The PM 8681 measuring logic consists of two ASIC's: One high speed bipolar ECL cicut and one CMOS circu. The bipolar SMTC, (U56) contains the measuring control functions, high speed counters and some analog parts used to Increase the time resolution. The CMOS ASMTC, (U8) consists of two countar chains forthe measurement and logic for measuring the expanded interpolator pulses taleo contains two programmable mono fp flops (100 ne resolution), an oscillator and an extemal reference input, (Gee Figure 4-16), Intorpolator The bipolar circuit has a small analog part. This part Increa- 505 the resolution in time and frequency measurements by ‘means of an analog interpolator. An analog interpolator Is. basicaly a capacitor charged and discharged wih diferent currents (ratio approximataly 400). A small error pulse Is cextended with the ratio of these curents, (see Figure 4-14) erat cece otro Figure 4-16 The interpolator expands the error pulse 400 times. Using the standard clock frequency as a reference we can ‘measure this new extended pulse length. There are two in- terpolators, one start and one stop interpolator. 000502, (U58) circuit includes the generation of the error pulse and the time expander. 00504, (USB) holds the measuring lo- gic for the expanded pulse. The small eror pulse Is the {ime from the external trigger event to the second positive ‘lock transition. Consequently, the error pulse is between 40 ns and 20 ns long. The extended pulse is epproximat ly 8 to 7 us, (se0 Figure 4-15). one) LL a -—1 eowigpee —]_ Figure 4-17 Measuring the expanded pulse in the (000504 and the external counter. Very fast events can not be handled by the counter c= cults. Therefor some extomal interpolator circus have been added to the interpolator circuits located inside (000502, USB. The counter circuits, USS and U41 are clok- ed with 100 MHz when the signals IPA and IPB are pre= sent. After the counter circuit the signal is fed to 020504, UBB, to be measured. Timing The following timing diagram (Figure 4-17) shows a num- ber of measurement signals for a frequency measurement of 11 periods. This measurement is started directly whon reset is released. The measurement start can be controlled Ina much more detailed manner. GET and arming delays (event or me) can be used to qualify the measurement start. Qualifying the stop can be done in the same advan- ced way. The basic method is to send a Measurement STOp (MSTO} signal to the circuits via the uC interface, This signal cannot be viewed extemally. ‘The length of IPA and IPB is not correctly viewed (approx- mately 3 0 7 8) TITIAN cs 71 Figure 4-15 A number of measurement signals for 2 frequency measurements of 11 periods XCY (% cary) Is the input signal divided by 8. YCY (Y car- 1y) is the clock divided by 8 ( 12.6 MHz ). These two si- gnals will normally look ike a burst signal of 12.5 MHz and the input signal divided by 8. The burst length is as long as the gate time, An OverFLow Warning message, OFLW is send to the ©Q0502 circuit. This means that the counter chains in 0@0504 wil soon overflow and thatthe staristop logic should stop the measurement when possible. Reset ‘The RESET signal is coupled as a ripple through chain. By this method the reset signal resets the whole measuring lo- gic in a correct order. The reset chain starts at the RESET IN pin on 0Q0504, ripples through the measuring logic of (000504 and comes out on RESET OUT. The RESET si- dgnal is clocked through a flip-lop by the 100MHz signal ‘and is then connected to the RESET IN pin of 00502 and resets the measuring logic of OG0602. ‘The TRA and TRB signals are dlreetly controlling the tig- ger LED's on the front panel. C318 and C316 connected to TRAC and TREC inputs control the blinking rate. Arming Delay ‘The measuring logic also has a programmable delay with a resolution of 100 ns. This delay is used as arming delay ‘and is generated in the OGO5O4. itis triggered from (©0502 by the signal ARDO (lo SYN1 in 0Q0504). Toget- Hardware Functional Description 4-13B2 C114 56 IN y yer MAL 2 —e0¢1 2 ep y vay vad ae Vo REF. OUT/ ort. 21 osc ose. a Fe use Loy 8 1 | 24 t ve4 CPU |Ext. Ref. 100 MHz, Jonson Frequency multiplier EXT, REF, @©-{ External reference frequency mutipier Figure 4-18 Oscillator crouits functional description. hor with the signal PD1 from 000504, the delayed signal is fed back to the ARDI input on 0Q0502. Instead of a time dolay, the dotay can be programmed to an event de- lay. The EDC input of 040504 are therefore connected to the B input enabling, event delay for events on tho B chan- nel Hold-off A second programmable delay with a resolution of 10 ns is sed as hold oft is triggered from 00502 by the signal HOS. The counter USS is loaded with a value and clocked with 100 MHz. When the counter has come fo zero this in- ‘otmation is sent to 00504, EDC? and the circuits are ro- seted. The delayed signal is fed back to the HOF Input on oaes02. Gate Open The signal GATO trom 000502 gives a realtime indication of the state of the measuring logic. Main gate open is ind ccatad by a high lavel and main gate closed Is indicated by 2 low level. V122 makes it possible to make the high ieve! 14 Vin 500. Divider ‘The signal rom input A is divided by two during frequency A ‘measurements by the divider U85. The reason for this is that the 000502 can not handle frequencies above 225 MHz, 4-14. Hardware Functional Desoription ‘Tobe able to measure frequency bursts also on input Cthe si- nal from the prescaler is divided by two by the other half of UBS before it enter the 00502. Inputs Tho signals A (A-channel), 8 (B-channel), C (prescaler si- gal), and (rear panel external arming input) go to an in- put multiplexer in OG0S02. in OQO502 the A and B inputs also have slope selections (postive edge and negative edge). R257 and C117 terminates the C signal External Arming The rear panel input EXTERNAL ARMING is a DC-coupled TTL level input, R258 to R261 with D32 and D33 protects the input. VB and Va2 are & Schmittsrigger with approxima- tely 1.4 V threshold level. The external arming signal is connected to E input on 00502. Burst The signal HOS from 00502 ate also used when measu- ring at bursts. The External Arming input is switched off by the signal HSO.4 from the y-processor via VBS and V85. ‘The HOS signal is then fed via V68 and V67 back to the (009502 Input E. AA ECL-inputs in 000502 get their reference (VBB) from an extemal ECL-cireult U132, ‘The GET-ignal from an optional GPIB-interface can con- trol the start of the measurement.Ext. Ret, Oniort ExT, REF, 276,R278 U8 i> MH eH eR ya Touss b | ae ore Figure 4-19 Extemal reference circus Oscillator Circuits © CPU oscillator The p-controller US works with 16 MHz. A 16 MHz crystal Bis connected to the XTAL inputs ofthe p-controle. This frequency is divided by two by the controller and Is used by the GPIB controller U78, * Standard oscillator ‘The 10 MHz reference oscillator is used as a re the measuring logic, (see Figure 4-8), For the internal oscilator, there are several optional osclla- tors to choose from. The uncompensated 01-oscillator is al- ‘ways mounted in the PM 6681. Ifa bettor oscliator is nee- ed, It should be connected to the optose connector P15. ‘ATCO PM 96788, oven oscilator PM 9690, or oven osci- lator PM 9691 can be mounted. If this Is done the oscillator type jumpers J12 should be placed in the OPT position. ‘The 01-oscilator consists of a crystal B2, C107 to C109, R239, R240, and the trim capacitor C114, C114 adjusts the frequency. If an optional oscillator is mounted, the 10 MHz signal is ‘amplified in a two stage amplifier (V40 and V4"), ce for * External Reference Input The external reference Input can hanelefrequences In ops fom Mie fo 10 hs, (1, 1111, 195, 14285, 418897, 2, 25, 3.8000, 6,8 10 Mie), a7, R278, and D35 protect the Input. U88 amplifies the Sigal end maka rice pulses out of. UST gonetaoe short pulses whichis thon fitoed nth enya ter BS to be 10 MHz, (see Figure 4-19). iis posto swich of he extemal reference signal with the signal DISABL-EXTREF fom the micro contol. A Ibw level o ti signal makes Vt condvetve, and that or cee @ high ECL-tevel on the output of USB. “The selected references used as 10 MHz out An ample Te stage, VO ranstorme th square wave fom U38 0 a sin signal. Tis sage hes 50 diving capa. * 100 MHz Frequency Multiplier “The 10 Mit reference sina sf the fi-fops UB, which generates short negative pulses, (see Figure 4-20). ‘These pulses triggers the resonant cial 125, C444, tir ned to “00 Mi, Aer theampilr V20, te signals barks fd toa resonant creutL22, C346, tuned {00 He. & 100 itz ier BS removes over and undero= nes. this procedures ropected to got sro sino wave. toe generate a soars wave signal which used diy by the extemal Inepoltr counter and Hoof creat ‘Th 100 Nite sgare wave saso converted to ECL ovo by resistors R238, R286, and RAP, ae sed by OGDSO2 aa rtororee +5 ust +5V 18S og 100MHZ sy {ior {ici} +7}. Ae 1oMHe fF I J 7 Lar Mos: Figure 4-20 100 MHz frequency multiplier. Hardware Functional Description 4-15Herdeare 1D B0C196— 4300 || — care hatin Preset +801 ||} sopttenrenen vet #802 [|| —Preaertsr00 n F903 Prez ONOFF nga iss [4 7 183 Date REF peru ——— Pua Fanci tier Ato Pas Saniby Meceaty hat ort delay piety — — 7 Power f 8 a] Dep pf Reet Bz aay | circuit ae T A Address decoding circuits i oe ||| ere z iE 8 kb RAM 3 l | Analog out | eee Leo | Ag | | —»-[rcaea backed-up 7 —fReset s basic board - =| 68502/08504 z wy te 8. Relay Stouts & 128 kb RAMP | basic board > LP Keyboard eyboart eyboat 056 ko ROMP 7 create ppnow E| Taker = [Trigger ievell Keyboard circuits seanning circuits Figure 4-21 Block dlagrarm, PM 6681 logical circuits. Logical Circuits * Microcomputer Circuits including. VO Tho microcomputer in PM 6881 isan Ini! 16-38 CHMOS {contoter 806 186K018, Us. tis a fast nico contol, tended for controler appicatons, ie, thes many JO pois Sand othor allie to Sonel and roact onthe external world. It contains 232 RAM-bytes, (see Figure 4-21). The micro contolr can opera In both 8 and 16s mods extemal Intemally the micro contol uses 16- Big. The addoss and dat-bus ADO fo AD'S i shared 4-16 Hardware Functional Description (lime multiplexed) between addresses and data. Therefore the address must be stored in an address-atch (U14 and 18) by using the signal ALE (pin 62) Ifthe surrounding circuits are slow compared to the micro Controllor, wait states must be Issued. The ready.-pin (pin 43) goes tow to get walt states. When the micro controller communicates withthe battery RAM, the GPIB-chip, tho ASIC;s, and the trigger level circuits, wat states are auto- ‘matically inserted ‘The PROMis (U16 and U17) used is 27H010, i, two 428K byte memories. The address mapping is done so we ccan only address 32K bytes directly. Bank switching IsUsed to be able to use all 128K bytes. The signal from US pin 21 and 22 controls that one quarter of the memory is Used for the moment. At reset the fist quarter is selected (Us pin 21 and 22 goes high). To be able to make a CRC-check of the contents of the PROM, the micro controller must be able to read the con- tants of the PROM as data, ‘The address and data bus ADO to AD1S can be separated Into two parts. By romoving resistors R183 to R190, R200 to R212, and R221 to R224 you can separate the micro Controller, the address latch and the PROM from all other circuits on the bus. By removing R225 to R232 you can se- parate the counter circuits and the GPIB controller from the AD-bus. ‘The micro controller communicates with the outer world by VO circus connected to the address and data bus ADO - ‘AD1S. The WR (pin 40) and RD (pin 61) signals from UB ‘control the direction of information. These two signals, with the address decoding logio, produce “chip select” signals for the IO circuits. The address decoding logic uses the [AS - A16 to produce chip select signals. Chip select st- dgnals are generated for: = PROM, U16 and U17, and RAM, US to U13. = The input amplifier relay driver U18, display scanning cir- cuit U8 and U20, and the GPIB criver U78. ~The trigger level circus UBS, UB4, and U6O and the counter circuits US and U58. ‘To show that the counter measures, a gate indicator is pla- ‘ced on the front panel. Its controlled from the micro con- troller US pin 28 via V54, The blinking of the LED is softwa- re controled, and does not necessarily reflect the true sta- te of the measuring hardware, ‘The RAM, U3 has battery backup. If the counter Is ON oF in STAND-BY, the +12VREG gives power fo the RAM pin 28, via U7 and D30 to get +5 V. If the counter is not con- nected to the line power at all, tne 3 V battery gives power to the RAM. The Schottky diode D31 isolates the battery land preserves power when +12VREG is present. When this happens pin 27 of the RAM is low, and the RAM goes to the power-down mode. At this point the RAM needs a 2.V supply voltage, ‘The version of the main PCA are identified by the resistors R524 and R625. This DC voltage are fad into the analog in- put ACHO of the y-controlar US, which recognizes the bo- 4rd, This makes it possible to make the software backward ‘compatible. ‘The different prescalers are identified in a similar way. R192 to R194 and R203 to R20é forms @ resistor network that generates different DC voltages at the ACH" input of the p-controler. This DC voltage depends of how the pins 412, 14, and 18 on P20 are connected to ground and +5 V con the prescalers. Reset Circuit A special reset circuit is included in the design. UB is @ spe- cial supply supervisor. Ifthe +5 V becomes lower than 435, the reset output pin 4 goes low. This gives @ micro controler reset. For test purposes the micro controller can be forced to reset by short circuiting the pads J10, The length of the reset pulse is set by C310; 2.2 uF gives a pu- se of approximately 40 ms. The supervisor circuit also con- trols the reset pulse during the power-on, so the micro con- troller staris in @ controlled manner. * Keyboard Scanning Main PCA of] | Front panel i B05 od Pu T — Te |p | 3] wo: 2) ee) i — 1 i Hew | unauer | Kew Inerupt i toca 1 preser pss. ne Figure 4-22 Keyboard scanning. ‘Al outputs of U19 are set iow one after the other. f no but- ton is pressed, all outputs to the latch U20 are high and s0 fare the inputs to the AND gates U21 and U87, (see Figure 4.22), \When a button is pressed, one input on the AND gates will {go low. An interupt is generated to the u-controler US pin 0.7. The u-controller reads the latch U20, and the pro- ‘gram jumps to a special handler in the SW, ‘The ON button are connacted to the ON/STANDBY logic in the power supply. When the counter is in STAND-BY the RESET input (pin 10) of U76 is kept high and so are the outputs of U78. A press on the ON key will discharge the capacitor C180 vie the diode D24, the ON switch and the resistor R337 to ground. Pin 5 on U78 will go high making the transistor V52 active and the relay Kt will draw. Furt- her more a short pulse is generated at V7 teling the p-con- tvoller that the ON button have been pressed. This makes itpassible to sense the diferance between plugging in the line power cable or pressing the ON button. \When STAND-BY Is pressed the 4-controller sets the flp- flop U76 by the signal SET-STAND-BY and the relay Ki vl fall ‘The LOCAL/PRESET button are connected directly to the AND gates U21 and U87 ‘The STAND-BY indicator on the front panel is controlled by the +5 V, via VS1. +5 V off lights the STAND-BY LED. Hardware Functional Description 4-17GPIB Interface ier 15 ur »—_| id | U7 | Analos PWM — DP) {out S Full scale Figure 4-24 Analog outout he resuit on the display can be converted to an analog si- gnal. A digital pulse wisth modulated signal, PWM, from the microprocessor is fitered and integrated (U77) to give ‘an analog DC level between 0 and 4.98 V with @ resolution (of 20 mV, (s88 Figure 4-24) T- = Power supp¥ int neuting EMI iter Rear Panel Unit ourruts: ° rtamaloeronc ouput BNC (6 ) — Gate open output - BNC (H ) = Analog output (X). — Probe compensation output = Tage fovel ouput ‘The rear panel consists of an aluminum panel with some mounted connectors, (see Figure 4-25). The following con- rectors are mounted on the rear panel: INpurs: — Extomal reference input - BNC ( D ) = Extomal arming input - BNC (E) — Rear panel inputs (factory-mounted option) ~ AGPIB communication connector. OF wwe Figure 425 Rear panel Hardware Functional Description 4-19Optional Units HF Inputs Thor Is a cholee of three diferont optional HF inputs; PM 9621, PM 8624, and PM 9626. The inputs ar all ‘mounted on the same place on the main board, tothe right of the input amplifier. Thay are connected to P107, and only one prescaler at a time can be mounted, In BUT there are 3 ID pins. Diferent proscalers have ctferent coding of these pins. PM 9824 and PHI 9625 are facoryrepalr only, dus to the need of instrumentation for high frequencies. Prescaler 1.3 GHz, PM 9621 More curront through the diodes means lower impedance. ‘This means that the HF voltage over GR11 Is constant R12 aischarges C4 then the input level decreases. L1 pre- vents capacitor C4 from short-ciruiting the HF signal Amplifier Int} Liter {lamp aivider} S24, | Love Testao detect note . Figure 4-26 PM 9621 Biock diagram, The frequency range forthe prescaler is 70 MHz to 1.3, GHz. To be ablo to be handled by the measuring logic in the counter the frequency is divided by 256. The input is |AC-coupled and the input impedance is 500 nominal. Five ‘main blocks makes the prescaler: Limiter, amplifier, divider, ECL output, and level detector, (see Figure 4-26) Limiter But ct ERD Ha Figure 4.27 Limiter circuits. ‘The 6 4B attenuator (R1 to R11) keeps the VSWR low for all input levels, even the PIN lodes have low impedance, (ee Figure 4-27). When the peak-lo-2eak level ofthe in- put signal is greater than the sum ofthe voltage drops of ‘the Schotky diodes GR3 and GR&, the charging of capacl- tor Cé staris. Capactor Of fiters the voltage after the ‘Schottky diodes. The PIN diodes GR11 slat to conduct when the voltage is ower than approximately ~0.65 V. 4-20 Hardware Functional Description Figure 4-28 Amplifier creuts RIG, R14, and RIS attenuate the HF signal 3 dB, to pre- vent overloading of the amplifier circuit C1. C1 amplifies, the HF signal approximately 15 dB. TS1 amplifies the fro- ‘quency range 0.8 to 1.4 GHz by 8 dB, to increase the le- for these frequencies due to the fling frequency re- sponse of IC2. TS2 is an impedance converter, (aee Figure 4-28) Divider + From “Amplior Figure 4-29 Divider and ECL-converter circuits. ‘The divider IC, 1C2, divides the input frequency by 256. ‘The output frequency fs max. 5.5 MHz, (see Figure 4-20). ECL output ‘T83 and TS4 convert the output signal from IC2 to ECL le- vols. The rise and fall ime of the outbut signal must be shortened. This is done in the diferential amplifier TSS and ‘788. TS7 restores the ECL levels and buffers the single ded output signal, (see Figure 4-28).Level detector « Prescaler 2.7 GHz, PM 9624 Wotage eater ott] [meted ot i +8y +5 From Diterental TSY 88 angio 5 From Ect ‘Aplfer + output Reterancd owt 30 ¥ Test sto Figure 4-30 Level detector. 13, C16, and L6 form a fiter making the frequency re- ‘sponse of the signal fo the level detector diode GR7, the ‘same as the signal to IC2, (see Figura 4-20) ‘The detector voltage is fltered and fed to IC3. Diode GR1S prevents the level from being too negative (ICS is then lok kod), The frst stage In [C3 amplifies the level approximete- ly 19 times and the second stage is a Schmit tigger. The ‘output from the Schmitt trigger can biock, via TS8, the ECL ‘output signal. A low output signal from IC3 pin 7 makes ‘TSB conduct. The ECL output signal willbe 4.5 V. IF IC3 pin 7 is high, T8 is not conducting, and the output signal {rom 87 is not blocked. The Schmitt trigger is controled {rom the fst amplifir in IC3, Ifthe level on IC3 pin 3 (de- tected level) is lower than the reference leval on IC3 pin 2 (an HEF signal with sufficient lovel present), IC3 pin 1 is low and the Schmit trigger output is high, thus not blocking the ECL output signal. The reference level on [C3 pin 2is set by trim-potentiometer R30. GRB, GR9, and R28 form a temperature compensation circuit, to compensate for the temperature behavior of the detector diode GR7. For te- sting purposes, the level detection can be overruled by the signal TEST GO. A high level makes TS10 conduct, and that enables the ECL output signal, despite the HF input sk gnal amplitude. The ECL output signal can also be swit- hed off, despite the level detection. A high level on signal NOT C makes TS9 conduct and thus makes the level to TSB low. TSB makes the ECL output signal +4.5 V. allele Figure 4-31 PM 9624 Biock diagram. ‘The PM 9624 prescaler cannot be repaired at a local workshop, It must be sent to the factory for repair ‘Tae prescaler consists of the following parts, (see Figure 4- 31) Limiter — The limiter consists of a 6 dB attenuator and a PIN diode attenuator, to achieve constant input amplitude to the amplifers. Amplifier — Five amplifier stages are divided into three blocks. One block consists of one amplifier. Two blocks consists of two amplifers each and an AGC control. ‘Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Helps the ampifiers to retain a constant output amplitu- de. Dividers — Two dividers divide the input signal frequency by 16. Detector — Detects whether the level of the input signal Is high enough to ensure correct measurement and, if not, blocks the output signal from the prescaler. Positive Voltage Regulator ~ Positive voltage supply for the amplifiers. Hardware Functional Description 4-21Prescaler 4.5 GHz, PM 9625 vatugs | veoge Second Figure 4-32 PM 9625 Block diagram, ‘The PM 9625 prescaler cannot be repaired at a local ‘workshop. It must be sent to the factory for repair. The prescaler consists of the following pars, (see Figure 4- 32). 4-22 Hardware Functional Description Limiter = The limiter consists of a 6 dB attenuator and & PIN diode attenuator, to achleve constant Input amplitude to the amplifiers. Amplifier ~The amplifier consists of 4 cascade coupled integrated GaAs amplifiers; each amplifas approximately 8 dB. First divider ~ The GaAs dlvider chip consists of an input buffer, 3 divi der stages, and 2 output butfer stages. The circuit div es by 8. ‘Second divider — This divider divides the signal from the first divider by 4. In fotal the frequency is divided by 32, and the output frequency from the prescaler is 185 MHz at maximum. Voltage regulators — Two positive voltage regulators are used for the GaAs ‘amplifier and the frst divider.Test Routines Test Routines via AUX MENU Key ‘The test routines are the routines accessible via the aux ‘menu key. Refer to the PM 6881 Operators Manual Power-On Tests [At power on, ome tests are automaticaly performed. Si- multanaously a message is sent to the serlal port of the jx ‘computer. The message can be read by a PC connected to the sara port. To do this perform as folows: = Connect testponts Porton the PC. Run a terminal emulator program as KERMIT or Wind- ows TERMINAL EMULATOR. ‘Switch on the counter. Every time the counter is switched on the following message willbe aisplayed on tne screen: Code start OK Ram regs OK Timert OK Prom bank3 OK Prom bank2 OK Prom bank! OK Prom bank OK Disp. Driver 1 OK Disp. Driver 0 OK Disp. Driver fi Ram bank2, 2080h xor OK, 4000h fil OK Ram bankt, 2080h xor OK, 2080h fil OK, 4000h fill OK Fam bankO, 2080h xor OK, 2080h fil OK, 4000h fill OK Ram bank2, 4000h zero OK, CO00h zero OK Ram bank, 2080h zero OK, 4000h zero OK Ram bank0, 2080h zero OK, 4000h zeto OK Asies, 0291h, O2A5h OK PHILIPS, PMG8B1, 0, MAIN X1.02 Mar 24 1994 10:30:26 / GPIB X1.13 Mar 01 1994 123 Hardware Functional Description 4-23This page is intentionally lft blank. 424 Hardware Functional DescriptionChapter 5 RepairPreventive Maintenance Calibration ‘To maintain performance of PM 6681 we recommend that you caliorate your instrument every year, or more often, if Greater time base accuracy is required. Calibration should be performed with traceable references and instruments at 2 certified calibration laboratory. Contact your local Fluke service center for calibration To know the present status of your instrument, test your t- mericounter ‘rom time to time. The test can be made ac ding to the information in Chapter 2, Performance Check. Oscillators ‘The frequency ofthe reference crystal osellatar isthe main paramoioraffocing accuracy in a courter. The fre- uency is affected by extemal conditions ike the ambient temperature and supply voltage, but also by aging. When recalbrating, the reference crystal osllator is compenss- ted only for deviation in freqveney due to aging Some important points: = The high sibility oscitors have been uit into an oven in order to keep the osclator temperature a8 stable as possible. Continuous operation is also important for sta- Eity. after @ power interupton, the osllator restarts at a sighty aiforenttrequancy. If vl then, as time goes on, ago at an equal rats. = The stabity indicated forthe oscilators is valid within @ temperature range of Oto 50°C, witha reference tompe- rature of 29°C. fF the tmerfcounter is used In a room fomporatuo of 20 t0 80°C, the temperature etabilty of TEXO of OCXO wil be increased hy a factor of 3. = The femperature stably indicated for TCXO and stand- ard oscilators are mainly dependent onthe ambient tem- perature. When operating thro is elways a tomperature Increase Inside the counter wrich wil inivence tne oscil lator 5:2 Preventive Maintenance * Recalibration intervals ‘Tho Mean Time Botween ReCalibration, MTBRC, Is dof ned as: (Acceptable error) - (Temperature stabity) ing) MTARC can be calculated when the total acceptable eror and the oscilator spectcatons are known. ‘The total acceptable error is defined as: (Deviationof reference frequency ) (Nominal frequencyreference ) MTBRC = (Acceptableerror Example: = A user can accept a maximum of 9 Hz deviation on the “0 Ht frequency of te oslo. This resus 3 " (Acceptableerron 10 ° 10-18 “The aging and temperature factors can be selected from the table on page 5-3 The value ofthe acing factors corecysolcte fom the table when the calulation of MTBRC resus in 1 10.30 days (use 24h). 1 to 12 months (us month) or over 1 Year (use oar (nt, eg, 48 days or 17 months or 08 yer us) Example: = The user has the same requirements as in the example above. The counter has a PM 9690 oscliator. Look up information about PM 9690 In the table on page 5.3. The results wil be the following: Relative Frequency devietion caused by: + Ambient temperature deviation (within 0 fo 50°C; reference point at 23°C): Less than 15+ 10% + Aginglyear: Less than 1 + 107 Use the MTBRC formula with the above values. This o ves a MTBRC of maximum: G1) = ey 1107 See also Figure 6-1, Figure 5-2, and Figure 5-3,NOTE: When recalbrating, the reference crystal oscillator ‘will be compensated only for frequency deviation caused by aging. Model Options Deviation of reference frequency 10 20 30 Calibration interval “+ PM 9690 => PM 9691 Figure 6-1 MTBRC in days. Deviation of reference frequency Calibrati Standard 3€PM9678B-+PM9600_ PM 9691 Figure §:2 MTBRC in months. 1000. 3 Deviation of reference frequency Calibration interval ‘Figure 5-3 MTBRG in years. [+ Standard > PM 96788 + PM9690_*PM9691 stability [24 jaa ls. against Pw o6785|Pm 9690 [PM 9601 [standard |ToxO oven oven aie: an na feroto™ [ese 10% Aoi: ont fere1a7 fear sa® [ete 10% Aging: lyear <5 +107 |i4v|__ iv] sao vlnz7vI - Low. vo.| 93] _et7v] 005] V| Bias ret votage, Ves|_+37vltavi_- | Table 6-2 Logical levels. &4 Troubleshooting Figure 5-4 Functional loves. ‘The troubleshooting strategy In PM 8681, Is an integrated patt of the overal service stratagy forthe instrument. This instrument is hierarchically designed in diferent levels, see Figure 5-4, and troubleshooting can be performed in any design lovel If the lower levels are OK. It is therefore impor- tant to disconnect ail options inthe beginning ofthe trou- bleshooting procedure,Running Test Programs ‘Tho service functions are activated by connecting the two so der points, labeled TEST, J11 during startup, see Figure 5-6 Figure 5-6 The sorvice functions are activated by con- necting the two solder points, labeled TEST, Jf? during startup = Switch on the counter. ‘The ROM test, RAM test, and jiC Kernel test runs automat ically. After the dlsplay test the tost-program starts from the beginning again, Use LOCALIPRESET to step through the diferent tess, NOTE: The adress test and display test are described under Level 4 and Level 5 respectively, but they cannot be un before you have checked Level 6 Text Function | Level | Exit FO _[ROM test [Automatica Test TA |RAMtst [3 Automatically Best Core |yc Komeltest _|Se4 |LOCALPRESET Test relay |Conto! sonal wei |5 _|LOCALPRESET est buttn [Keyboard test (6 _|LOCAPRESET Test Addr. [Address text [4 |LOCALPRESET 25E ASIC [ASICs eet 17 _|automatoaly Test ASIC [ASICs tet? [7 |LOCAUPRESET Teat AAC [DAG test la |LOCALPRESET Test AWALO_|Anslog oul teal 1 ILOCAL/PRESET 35 [Analog out test2 | |LoCAUPRESET 25888 [Diepay toot LOCALPRESET Table §-4 Test programs. Troubleshooting Tree Trereiinert soomeobe OK ook or bad eats orate exe Cot 50 OF Tce ccanatoretotse | | Resse the ‘retpana ents | neuen ane st ‘imports on he | [aloe aps ‘ontpera Figure $5 Troubleshooting tree. The levels mentioned in the troubleshooting tree rafer to ‘he functional levels in Figure 5-4. For example Level 3 are ‘equal to Microcontroller (3). (Do the microcontroler check later In this Chapter.) Troubleshooting 5-5Power Supply (Functional Level 1) mL OTPA7 Po2 OTP16 |‘ prema | 0 TP1S J16 | Figure 5-7 Tost points and votes forthe power supply WARNING: Live parts and accessible terminals Which can be dangerous to life are always exposed inside the unit when it is connec- ted to the line power. Use extreme caution when handling, testing or adjusting the counter. Primary circuits To verify the Power supply proceed as follows: = If the primary fuse is broken, there is a short circuit in the primary clrults. Uso 2 DMM and ty to locate the fault by resistence measuring = Remove the cover from the Power Supply WARNING: The heat sink inside the power ‘supply is connected to the line power. 5-6 Troubleshooting Disconnect L89 and L40 and chock the resistance be- ‘wean pin 1 and 4 on the transformer T1, see Figure 5-7 I the DMM show a short circuit the fault Is proabably & broken transistor VSS. Put L39 and L40 back in poston = Connect the counter to the line power via an insulating transformer with separate windings. ~ Set the counter to STAND-BY mode. = Check that the voltage between P18 and P23 is in the range of 90 to 260 Vac. — Check that the OC voltage between pin 1 and 4 on Tt is about ¥2 times the input AC-vollage. If not, use traditio- nal faultfinding techniques to locate the faut. = Remove the jumper J16. = Check the "STAND BY" voltages according to Table 5-5. Test points Ground Voltage Ust pin 11812 | ust pin 00 +135 Bt pin 14 USt pin 8 =50V. 155 source Ust pins =H mv 'U90 pi 4 Lat ~82V. 192 pint Lat rT x10 Lat =S4V xi Lat 48 Vip tv, x12 Lat ~125 Vio 15 x13 Lat i2V05V) Table 6-5 Stanc-by voltages. Reinstall the jumpor J16 = Check the curveforms according to Figure 5-8 and Figure 5-7 to verly the primary cicults. Use the heal- sink of V65 as ground, Figure 5-8 Typical curves of the power supply NOTE: U91 and U92 are located at the bottom side of the PCA, Secondary circuits — Connect the power cable to the counter. = Switch ON the counter CAUTION: If you adjust the +5 V trimmer you have to adjust the complete instrument.— Check the "POWER ON’ voltages according to Table 5- 6. Use L4t as ground. Test points Voltage. X15: E01 V #90 Ve x16 =5.1.V 350 mV xia —#7V3100 mv Xi $2V 2100 mv Table 6:6 Power-on voltages. “NOTE: Ifthe +5 V voltage Is outside the spectiction, all of- her levels will be wrong, since they are based on the +5 Vievel. Ifyou find any faut, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circuits. See also Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Power Supply. Oscillator (Functional Level 2) P17 a GND Figure 5-9 Test points and jumper for testing the oscil Iators. © Standard Oscillator — Be sure that jumper J12 are in the STD postion, see Figure 5-9. Check that 10 MHz Is present at USE pins 34, 35, 36 and pin 37. ~ Check that 10 MHz Is present at the rear panel connec tor 10 MHz OUT, J7. = Check that 100 MHz Is present at UBS pin 19. If you find any fault, continue with tracitional roubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circuits. See also Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Oscillator Circuits. * Optional Oscillator, PM 9678B This test can be carried out only If the counter is equipped with an optional oscillator, PM 96788. = Be sure that jumper J12 are in the OPT position, see Figure 5-9, = Check that 10 Miz is present at USB pins 34, 35, 36, and pin 37, = Chock that 10 MHz is present at the rear pane! connec- tor 10 MHz OUT, J7. = Check that 100 MHz Is present at USS pin 19. Ifyou find any fault, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circuits. See also Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Optional Oscilator, PM eras. * Optional Oscillator, PM 9690 and PM 9691 Ths test can be carried out only ifthe counter Is equipped with an optional osciiator, PM 9690 or PM 9691. = Be sure that jumper J12 are in the OPT position, soe Figure 5-9. = Check thal 10 MHz Is present at USS pins 34, 35, 36 ‘and pin 37. = Chock that 10 MHz Is present at the rear panel connec- tor 10 MHz OUT, J7. = Check that 100 MHz Is present at USB pin 19. These oscillators cannot be repaired in a local workshop. ‘They must be sent to the factory for repal. Troubleshooting 5-7Microcontroller (Functional Level 3) RESET| Figure 5-10 Test points end jumpers for testing the microcontroler. (Check that 16 MHz Is present at US pin 67, see Figure 5-10. Check that 8 MHz is present at P7. = Check that the RESET circuttyy UB works properly by short circuiting the above shown pads. {At power on, some tosts are automatically performed. Si ‘multaneously a message Is sent to the serial port ofthe t+ ‘computer. The message can be read by a PC connected to the serial port. To do this perform as follows: = Connect testpoints Pe port on the PC. = Run a terminal emulator program as KERMIT or Wind ‘ows TERMINAL EMULATOR. = Switeh on the counter. Every time the counter is switched on the folowing message willbe displayed on the screen: Code start OK Ram regs OK Timert OK Prom bank3 OK Prom bank2 OK Prom bank1 OK Prom bank0 OK Disp. Driver 1 OK Disp. Driver 0 OK Disp. Driver fl Ram bank2, 2080h xor OK, 4000h fil OK Ram bank, 2080h xor OK, 2080h fil OK, 4000h fil OK Ram bank0, 2080h xor OK, 20804 fil OK, 40004 fil OK. Ram bank2, 4000h zero OK, CO0dh zero OK &8 Troubleshooting Ram bankt, 2080h zero OK, 4000h zero OK Ram bank0, 2080h zero OK, 4000h zero OK Asies, 028th, O2ASh OK PHILIPS, PMB6B1, 0, MAIN X1.02 Mar 24 1984 10:30:26 / GPIB X1.13 Mar 01 1984 123 ~ Stn Pio | | = | ex _(nhainnninhiining ee [U | uU mul ss Munna Figure §-11 Timing diagram for w-controier = Run uC Kernel test, Test 3 — Set the osclloscope to 0.2 Vidlv and 60 sid = Check the output signals from the C, US, see Figure 5-10. Use test pin PS to trigger the oscilloscope. = The timing diagram, Figure 5-11, shows the signals ge- nerated by the stimu program. Ifyou find any fault, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circuits. See also Chapter 4, Circut Descriptions, Logical Circuits. NOTE: Check that activity is going on at U6 pin 62 (ALE), UB ‘pin 67 (RD), U6 pin 83 (INST), U6 pin 40 (WRIWRL), US pin 41 (BMEMWRH), and U6 pin 43 (READY). The- ‘0 pins should not be stuck to HIGH or LOW. — fone or more bits on the AD-bus are corrupt, the WC often reads the same Instructions repeatedly. When the UC discovers are Invalid OP code, it will RESET liso and start from the beginning again. The uC sels, the RESET input low when It resets liso. This can be iscavered at the RESET input of UB, (pin 18). If +5 V 10 UB is OK. this could be the case.Microcomputer Kernel (Functional Level 4a) Set the osciloscope to 2 Vidiv and 20 us. = Run uC Kernel test, Test 3. = Check all signals on U9 to U13, U18 and U7. The sk gnals should not be stuck high or low. Use test pin PS to trigger the oscilloscope, see Figure 5-12. R208 to R212 R183 to R190 Figure 5-12 Pinning diagram for U9 to U16. NOTE: By remioving R183 fo R190, R209 to R212, and R221 to R224 the microcomputer kernel (ADO-AD15) can be ‘Soparated from the rest of the counter logi. NOTE: These resistors are located at the bottom side of the PCA, Ifyou find any fault, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circuits. See also ‘Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Logical Circults. Troubleshooting 5-9Microcomputer Kernel (Functional Level 4b) NOTE: tis not possible to run this fest before you have run the Keyboard test, Test & — Set the oscilloscope to 2 Viciv. on channel A and B. — Sel the time base fo 0.5 usiclv. ~ Use pin 40 on U8 to trigger the oscilloscope. — Run the Address test, Test 6. nter the data code 85 (hex 65) on the DATA ENTRY keypad, — Press ENTER, — Enter the address code 43690 (hex AAAA) on the DATA INTRY keypad, = Press ENTER, Examine the DATA bus lines ADO-AD15 (US pin 45-60) with the probe connected to the A-channel, and compare the signal to with Figure 5-13. ‘The interesting part ofthe dale bus signal is the grayed area on the figut. — Press LOCALIPRESET. Enter the data code 170 (hex AA) on the DATA ENTRY keypad. — Press ENTER. Enter the address code 49690 (hex AAAA) on the DATA ENTRY keypad. — Press ENTER. — Examine the DATA bus tines. = Press LOCALIPRESET. — Enter the data code 170 (hex AA) on the DATA ENTRY keypad. ~ Press ENTER, = Enter the address code 21845 (hex 5555) on the DATA ENTRY keypad ~ Press ENTER. ~~ Examine the DATA bus lines. ~ Press LOCALIPRESET. ~ Ener the data code 85 (hex 8 keypad. — Press ENTER, ~ Enler the address code 21845 (hex 5555) on the DATA NTRY keypad, ~ Prose ENTER. — Examine the DATA bus lines. ~ Press LOCAL/PRESET. If you find any fault, continue with traditional troubleshooting techniques and replace defective crcuts. See also Chapter 4, Citeult Descriptions, Logical Circuits. ) on the DATA ENTRY CAUTION: Do not enter an address code be- tween E000 and FFFF because this changes the status of the RAM, which has battery backup. This cant cause iregular operation of the counter when in normal ust 5-10 Troubleshooting Detacode 85 Data ode (ex) ‘Ack Soe 69690 aires Code (ex) ARAR, - wan. —Tadaress | ata = “4 t noo pos | ang 8 as cy 209 55 avg 5 ry] 53 ag 52 ap 3H ant0| aor 4 ania] 4 Antal a7 Antal ants) 45 Data to RAM UY, U0, and UI Data to RAMU and U1, Figure 5-13 Example of AD-bus line diagram.Internal Control Signals and Display (Functional Level 5a) Figure 5-14 Display driving signals and internal con- trol signals can be measured here. = Run the Control signal test, Test 4. Sot the osciloscope to 0.2 Viciv and 50 usidiv. = Check the output signals of Uie, see Figure 5-14, Use {est pin PS to trigger the oscilloscope. NOTE: U18 Is located at the bottom side of the PCA, a 7s P5 TL J fn |__| 100mvep_ vre;t9 | I h ‘vee uiest8 IN utest7 tests ure;t4 utes ures \ pelt | svpp Pte Pts Piz Pit Pto Po l l Figure 18 Timing diagram for Control signals. = The timing diagram in Figure 5-18 shows the signals ge- nerated by the stimuli program. Ifyou find any fault, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circus. See also Chapter 4, Circult Descriptions, Logical Circuits. Troubleshooting 5-11oe ae FEBeeeeeee: eee DDD IED cn VBR | 1 FREQA FREQC PERA RATOAB RATIOC PWIDTHA TIMEAS PHASEAS ARM aaM ff TOTABMAN TOTASLST8 TOTASLB. DUTYFA. RISERALLA VOLTA MAXMIN — STA® stot |] REMOTE EXTREF FILTER 1600 ISIS Ass I= i50Ma COMA CHECK HOLD || SAQ__LOBAT 0X _DCAC__BURST_AUTO_PRF___DCAC 10x oFe Figure 5-16 Display readout, lest 12. Internal Control Signals and Display (Functional Level 5b) NOTE: Its not possible to run this fest before you have run Keyboard test, Level 6 ~ Run DISPLAY test, Test 12. Check the validity of the display readout according to Figure 5-16, Keyboard (Functional Level 6) Run the Keyboard test, Test . — Press a pushbutton on the front panel and chock that the displayed code are as inthe Figure 5-17 NOTE: The STAND BY/ON and LOCAL/PRESET pushbut- tons cannot be tested with tis foo Ifyou find any fait, continue with traditional roubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circus. See also Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Front Unit, and Keyboard Scanning PM 6681 HIGH RESOLUTION PROGRAMVABLE TIMER/COUNTERIANALYZER sss on 06 si] 32 as 34 35 |36 NOTE: Switches the counter off. Figure 5-17 Codes for each key, Test 6. 5-12 TroubleshootingMeasuring Logic (Functional Level 7) © ASIC Stimuli Figure 8-19 Pinning diggram for US6 and USB, Run the ASIC tests, Test 7 and 8. NOTE: Test 6 runs automatically without simul signals. = Set the osciloscope to 2 Vidiv and 50 usa. = Check all signals on US6 and US8. Use PS to tigger the ‘oscilloscope, ses Figure 5-18 S Figure 6 Timing diagram for ASIC stimuli fest program. = The timing diagram in Figure 5-18 shows the signals ge~ norated by the stimull program. you find any fault, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circus. See also Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Counter Circuits. The following tests should be done with the standard PROM installed in the counter. ‘Switch on the counter. Connect an arbitrary signal to the EXT ARM Input, JS at the rear panel. ‘Trace the signat from JS to US8 pin 27, Connect a 10 MHz signal to the REFERENCE IN input, 456 at the roar panel ‘Trace the signat from J6 to US6 pin 38, Select EXT REF. ‘Trace the signal from US6 pin 35 to the 10 MHz OUT, J7 at the rear panel Trace the signal from U58 pin 41 to GATE OPEN output, 4 atthe rear panel, ‘Trace the signal from USB pin 37 and 38 to J17 pin 30 ‘and 34 at the front panel and to the display and key- board board. Ifyou find any faul, replace the defective crculs. See also Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions, Counter Circuits. Troubleshooting 5-13Trigger Level DAC’s (Functional Level 8) bch Uss ues er » @ Figure 5-20 Trigger level DACs, U63 and U6é. = Rum the DAC test, Test 9, = Use test pin PS to tigger the oscilloscope. 5-14 Troubleshooting some we Fo a, ves20 & ves Y eats & eet [I im ens 819 uss Tassei TT ” Figure §-21 Timing diagram for Trigger level DAC's. A sawtooth signal of approximately 12.6 Hz is generated fon both the A and B trigger levels. The sawtooth spans over the complete tigger level range, and the B value ‘equals the A value multiplied by ~1. This means that both signais can be added by using the osciloscopes ADD TRA- CE function with the result of approximately zero. = Check all signals on U63 to US7. NOTE: US, and U6? are located atthe bottom side ofthe PCA, ‘se0 Figure 8-20 and Figure 5:21 = Trace the signal fom UBS and USS gin 6, to TRIGGER LEVEL A and B OUT, P11 pin 1 and 2 at the rear pa- el — Connect TRIGGER LEVEL A and B OUT to the oscilos- cope and check the result by using the ADD TRACE function. Ifyou find any faut, continue with traditional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circuits. See also Chapter 4, Circult Descriptions, Trigger Level Circuits.Shown from bottom side of Figure 5-22 Typical voltages, Input Amplifier. Troubleshooting 6-15Input Amplifier (Functional Level 9) « A and B Input Check DC levels = Switch on the counter. — Press LOCALIPRESET and ENTER. — Select Time AB. Deselect AUTO and set the trigger level to -1 V on both inputs. — Select ATTENUATION A and B to x1, = Select DC on both inputs. Measure the DC voltages according to Figure §-22 and Table 5-7. Use the DMM with a 10 k& resistor In series with the tést cable Test point Vo Vee Aa = 05. Bb Br = ce. 27 = Da 0A = Ee HS: = Ft 45: = Gg 708 = [in +0. 08 Jd 04 = Kk =28 = ul =38. = Mim as = Noo =17 05 (square) 0.0. “5. 0.5 (equare) Pp 42 1 (square ag 22 (square) } Re 433 = Se =16. = te m2 = Uw 22 = Viv Lo. 025; wow 0 025; Xx | 42r os Yiy Hz, Zz 428 Table 5-7 Typical votages, Input Ampifior AC levels Connect @ 1000 Hz sine wave signal with an amplitude (of 1 Vp to Input A. = Sot the input amplitude to 1 Vp-3. = Measure the AC-levels according to Figure 622 and Table 5-7. Use the oscilloscope and a 10 MA probe. = Trace the signal from V23 pin E and V29 pin E to PRO BE COMP VIEW A and 8 OUT, P25 pin 5 and 4 at the rear panel If you find any fault, continue with tradional troubleshoo- ting techniques and replace defective circults. See also Chapter 4, CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS, Input Amplifiers A and B. * Prescaler 1.3 GHz, PM 9621 In all measurements you should use TP4 as ground. &18 Troubleshooting Drss 186 - 8 @ Erss Ts4 @gqrss ea cols Figure 5-23 Test points, 1.9 GHz prescaler. Sensi ity Check = Connect the signal generator to the HF input of the counter. — Check the "Correct sensitivity and counting” levels accor dling to Figure 5-24 to find out which part may have cau- sed the faut. If everything sems all right, the fault is probably caused by the base unit : a = : Figure 5-24 Senstivty and Counting levels.DC-voltages = Use a DMM to measure the DC-levels according to Table 68, Level Detector Control = Disconnect the signal generator from the counter. ~ Check the level detector according to the table below. “Test point Measured voltage = Connect the signal generator to the HF input of the iCt pint =09V counter. ict pins =S1V — Sot the input frequency to 100 MHz and the amplitude to “st pn b 43.68, (1 Ves) — = Check the level detector according to Table 5-10. Test point | Without input | With input signal signal 1c? pin 7 cc GR, C18 = 320 mv io mv TSSie ies pin = 570 mv 370 mV 38:6 163 pin, 6 222 <01V. BUT pin 163 pin = 201 21 Te 1C3 pin? <08V 7 Table 58 DC voltages, Plt 8621 Ts8h 49 2v BUT pind Tw =38V = Connect the signal generator to the HF input of the counter. ~ Sot the input frequency to 100 MHz and set the amplitu- de to -15 dBm, (40 mans). = Connect the oscilloscope to BUT pin 4. = Verily that the amplitude Is 800 mV p-p and that the pe~ Fiod time is 2.66 us, (frequency 390 KHz). The DC level should be 3.8 V. If everything seems all right the fault Is probably caused by the base unit = Connect the DMM to TP3 and TP4 (GND). Disconnect the input signal = Check that the DC voltage drops = 200 mv. I this last measurement is OK, you can skip the Overvota- 19 Protection Control Overvoltage Protection Control = Connect the signal generator to the HF input of the counter. Set the input frequency to 100 MHz, and set the ampltu- do to 13 dBm, (1 Vs). = Check the DC voltages according to 0 Table 6-10 DC voltages, Level detector, PM 9621. Divider and Differential Stage Control Connect the oscilloscope to C2 pins 8 and 7. Check that the ampliude is €00 mVp-p and that the pe- tiod time is 2.88 ys, (requency 390 kz). The DC level is 45V. = Connect the osciloscope to TS3;b and TS4ib. = Check that the amplitude Is 800 mVp-p and that the pe- tiod time is 2.56 us, (frequency 390 kHz). The DC level is 3.8. Connect the oscilloscope to TS5;c and TS6ic = Chock that the amplitude Is 800 mVp-p and that the po- fiod time is 2.56 ys, (frequency 390 kH2). The DC level is 45V. Signal Measurement = Connect the signal generator to the HF input of the ‘counter. = Connect the Y-input of the oscilloscope to TPS and TP4 (GND). Table &9 DC voltages, Overvoliags protection control, PM 9621, — Connect the DMM to IC2 pin 2. — Check that the DC voltage is = 300 mV. — Check that the amplitude at ICt pin 1 is one third of the amplitude at BUT. — Check that the amplitude at IC1 pin § is = 300 mvp-p. — Check that the amplitude at TSt collector and TS2 emit- ter is ~ 500 mp, ‘Test point Measured ‘Comment Connect the X:input ofthe oscilloscope to the horizontal voltage ouput ofthe generator. erect | = Set the frequency range of the generator to 70- Gr feuty | 1300 MHz GRE fauty — Sot the amplitude to -15 dBm, (40 mVears) Te 20-100 a Correct = Figure §-25 shows the typical frequency curve of the Tee = 400 eV GRIM foul prescaler. 1P1 a TP ~250 mV | Short crcl in one = 7 of ORS, GRA or onl [ chit eniy | Co wool { - a Figure §-28 Typical Frequency Curve PM9621. Troubleshooting 5-17* Prescaler 2.7 GHz, PM 9624 ‘See Chapter 2, Performance Check, for verification. SCE gy SSE any Tole aes Froqiney Figure 5-26 Specified and typical sensitivity of put C With option Pb 9624. This prescaler cannot be repaired in a local workshop. It must be sent to a Fluke Service Center, who will transfer the prescaler to the factory for repair. ° Prescaler 4.2 GHz, PM 9625B See Chapter 2, Performance Check, for verification. Sensitty GPIB interface and Analog output (Functional Level 10) “06a een] ~ — 28 40 | J S088") “oie 2Giz SCH: aGHz _SCHe Frequoncy Figure 6-27 Specified and typical sensitivity of input C with option PM 96258. This prescaler cannot be repaired in local workshop. It ‘must be sent to a Fluke Service Center, who wil ransfer the prescaler tothe factory for repair. Prescaler 4.5 GHz, PM 9625 ‘See Chapter 2, Performance Check, for verification. ‘senatty| woe = KW | \ 208m} 0 mt Tote 20H scm sGm Sct Frequency Figure 5-28 Specified and typical sensitivity of Input C with option Ph 9625. ‘This prescaler cannot be repaired in a local workshop. It must be sent to @ Fluke Service Center, who will transfer the prescaler tothe factory for repair. 5-18. Troubleshooting Figure 5-28 Component layout, GPIB interface. — Set the oscilloscope to 2 Viv and 10 msiv = Run the Analog out 1 iest, Test 10. ‘The p-eontolier generates a pulse width modulated signal with @ variable duty cycle. This PWW signal is converted by US¢ to @ sawtooth signal of approximately 20 Hz. U77 makes a DC voltage in the range 0 to 4.98 V of the saw= tooth and feeds ito the analog output on the GPIB intera- NOTE: US4, and U77 are located at the bottom side of the ‘main PCA. Trace the signal from U6 pin 39 on the main board to ANA- LOG OUT, J3 at the rear panel, = Use PS on the main board to trigger the oscilloscope. = Run the ANALOG OUT 2 test, Test 41 = The analog output now outputs @ DC voltage that can be controlled by pressing the UP/DOWN keys. = min value = OV. 255 = max value = 4.98 V = Connect an IBM PC or compatible, equipped with 8 PM 2201, GPIB interface or equivalent and its software, to the Interface in the counter. — Insert the floppy disc labeled: Test and Calibration pro- gram for PM 8681. This test program is included in this Service manual — Change to the drive where the test floppy is Inserted. — Type GPIBTEST and press enter to start to program. Al instructions needed to nun the program are supalied by the program itself NOTE: This test program does not test the analog output