102/1

South Pacific Form Seven Certificate

BIOLOGY
2021
QUESTION and ANSWER BOOKLET
Time allowed: Three hours
(An extra 10 minutes is allowed for reading this paper.)

INSTRUCTIONS
Write your Student Personal Identification
(An extra 10 Number
minutes is allowed for (SPIN)
reading in
thisthe space provided on the top
paper.)
right-hand corner of this page.
Answer ALL QUESTIONS. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
If you need more space for answers, ask the Supervisor for extra paper. Write your SPIN on all extra
sheets used and clearly number the questions. Attach the extra sheets at the appropriate places in
this booklet.

Skill Level & Number of Questions

Major Learning Outcomes Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Weight/
(Achievement Standards) Uni- Multi- Relational Extended Time
structural structural Abstract
Strand 1: Animal Behaviour
Demonstrate an understanding of biological
concepts and processes relating animal 10%
4 1 0 1
behaviour to biotic and abiotic environmental 30min
factors and how the behaviour contributes to
the organism’s survival.
Strand 2: Gene Expression
Describe, explain and discuss biological 20%
6 4 2 0
concepts and processes relating to gene 60 min
expression.
Strand 3: Biotechnology Applications
Describe, explain and discuss biotechnology 5%
2 0 1 0
applications and the human needs and 15 min
demands for the applications.
Strand 4: Processes and Patterns of
Evolution 20%
6 2 2 1
Describe, explain and discuss processes and 60 min
patterns of evolution.
Strand 5: Environmental Issues
Demonstrate an understanding of biological 5%
1 2 0 0
concepts and processes relating to 15 min
contemporary environmental issues.
60%
TOTAL 19 9 5 2
180 min
Check that this booklet contains pages 2–18 in the correct order and that none of these pages are blank.
HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.
 2

STRAND 1: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

Assessor’s use only

1.1
“Salmon come back to the stream where they were 'born' because they 'know' it is
a good place to spawn. Scientists believe that salmon navigate by using the
earth’s magnetic field like a compass. When they find the river they came from,
they start using smell to find their way back to the stream of their birth.”

Source: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs Unistructural

Identify one feature of homing that is given in the example above. 1

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1.2 All organisms have a natural timing device that regulates the cycle of
circadian rhythms. Unistructural

Define the term circadian rhythm. 1

____________________________________________________________ 0

____________________________________________________________ NR

1.3a The photograph below shows an example of interspecific competition – an

eagle and a fox competing for a rabbit.

Source : https://mymodernmet.com/kevin-ebi-wildlife-photography/

Define the term interspecific competition. Unistructural

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Assessor’s use only

1.3b Discuss, using examples, how interspecific competition contributes to

species redistribution.
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Abstract
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 4
Assessor’s use only

Use the information given below to answer questions 1.4a and 1.4b.

“The social organization of groups of pigs is known to include the

establishment of various friendly relationships and a social hierarchy.
For the hierarchy to function properly the size of the group and the
space allocated to it are important. Pigs established in a group are
quickly able to recognize an alien in the group. Visual and olfactory cues
seem to be the main differentiating features of pigs for each other.’’
Source: Author: Syed Khawar Abbas Asad https://www.slideshare.net/

1.4a State one feature of social organisation in the given example.

_____________________________________________________________ Unistructural

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1.4b List one advantage and one disadvantage of group living.

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 5

STRAND 2: GENE EXPRESSION

Assessor’s use only

2.1 Study the diagram of the DNA replication process given below.

Source: https://www.pnas.org/content/44/7/671

Identify one important characteristic of replication that is represented in the

diagram.
_____________________________________________________________ Unistructural

_____________________________________________________________ 1

_____________________________________________________________ 0

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2.2 DNA replication is a highly accurate process, but mistakes can occasionally
occur.
Describe how DNA replication problems may arise.
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 6
Assessor’s use only
The diagram below shows a stage of Protein Synthesis. Use the diagram
to answer questions 2.3a–2.3c.

Source : https://sites.google.com/site/proteinsynthesis/

2.3a Define Protein Synthesis.

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Unistructural
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1
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2.3b Which of the following letters in the diagram represents the process of
transcription?
A. X Unistructural
B. Y
C. Z 1
0

__________________________________ NR
 7
Assessor’s use only
2.3c Using the diagram above on Protein Synthesis as a guide, explain the
relationship between transcription and translation. Your answer may include
the roles of DNA, RNA, ribosomes, the use of the genetic code and its
redundancy.
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Relational
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2
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NR
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2.4 Mutations are changes that occur in DNA sequences.

Describe one feature of mutation using an example.

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Multistructural
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2
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 8
Assessor’s use only
2.5a Many studies suggest that the occurrence of human aneuploidy is at least 5%.
Define the term aneuploidy. Unistructural

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2.5b Explain the effects of aneuploidy on the genome using examples.

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 9
Assessor’s use only

2.6a Use the information below to answer questions 2.6a and 2.6b.
The metabolic pathway in phenylketonuria or PKU is the conversion of
phenylalanine into another amino acid, tyrosine.
Unistructural
Define metabolic pathway.
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2.6b Describe one characteristic of PKU.

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Multistructural
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2.7 The diagram below shows chromosomes with heterozygous gene pairs.

Source: https://byjus.com/biology/

State one feature of a heterozygous gene pair. Unistructural

_____________________________________________________________ 1
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 10
Assessor’s use only
2.8 A monohybrid test cross is carried out to determine the genotype of an
organism showing a dominant phenotype.
Describe the genotypes of the parents in a monohybrid test cross.

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1
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 11

STRAND 3: BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

Assessor’s use only
3.1 ‘Short tandem repeat (STR) typing methods are widely used today for
human identity testing applications including forensic DNA analysis.’
Source: https://www.future-science.com/

Define short tandem repeat. Unistructural

1
0
NR

3.2a ‘After the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, scientists travelled to Thailand to identify
victims. In order to achieve this, specific DNA patterns were obtained from
each person or body tissue sample.’
Source: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources
Unistructural

Identify the process used above to identify the victims of the tsunami. 1
0
NR

3.2b Explain the positive impacts of DNA profiling on medical and health services.

Relational

3
2
1
0
NR
 12

STRAND 4: PROCESSES AND PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION

Assessor’s use only
4.1 Study the diagram given below of a cell division process.

Source: https://microbenotes.com/

Identify the type of cell division process shown in the diagram above. Unistructural

1
0
NR

4.2a Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who proposed the theory of biological
evolution by natural selection.
Define evolution. Unistructural

1
0
NR
 13
Assessor’s use only

4.2b Discuss the impact of evolution on the survival of the species and the
important role of variation in facilitating the evolution process.
In your answer, you may describe and/or explain the following:
• the link between evolution and survival of the species; and
• importance of variation in a population and its effect in promoting
evolution.

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Extended
Abstract
4
3
2
1
0
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 14
Assessor’s use only

4.3 Explain the impact of selective breeding on the genetic diversity of a

population.

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Relational

3
2
1
0
NR
 15
Assessor’s use only

Study the diagram below showing the process of the founder effect to
answer questions 4.4a and 4.4b.

Source: https://socratic.org/questions/

4.4a Define the founder effect. Unistructural

1
0
NR

4.4b Describe one feature of the founder effect as a special case of genetic drift.
Multistructural

2
1
0
NR

4.5 Study the diagram given below.

Source: https://www.slideserve.com/ Unistructural

1
Identify the type of speciation shown in the diagram above. 0

___________________________________________________________ NR
 16
Assessor’s use only

4.6 Explain why behavioural isolation leads to reproductive isolation.

Relational

3
2
1
0
NR

4.7 State a feature of hybrid sterility.

Unistructural

1
0
NR
 17
Assessor’s use only

Refer to the diagram given below on analogous structures to answer

questions 4.8a and 4.8b.

Source: https://quizlet.com/

4.8a Define the term analogous structures.

Unistructural

1
0
NR

4.8b Analogous structures are believed to arise through convergent evolution.

Describe one feature of convergent evolution.

Multistructural

2
1
0
NR
 18

STRAND 5: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Assessor’s use only

5.1 ‘Coral reefs sustain the lives of many Pacific Islanders. More than 80% of
Pacific Islanders live in or near coastal areas and draw from coral reefs for
their livelihoods.’
Source: https://www.sprep.org/climate_change

List two effects of climate change on coral reefs.

Multistructural

2
1
0
NR

5.2a Sustainability and conservation are words usually heard in discussions on

the environment – both concepts emphasise caring and advocating for the
planet, and protecting its natural resources and ecosystems.
Unistructural
Name one conservation practice. 1
0
NR

5.2b Using an example, describe one renewable source of energy.

Multistructural

2
1
0
NR

THE END