K.C.S.

E CRE PAPER 1 2006-2022

QUESTIONS AND MARKING SCHEMES
YEAR PAGE

2006……………………………………………………… 1

2007……………………………………………………… 8

2008……………………………………………………… 14

2009……………………………………………………… 21

2010……………………………………………………… 29

2011……………………………………………………… 36

2012……………………………………………………… 42

2013……………………………………………………… 50

2014……………………………………………………… 57

2015……………………………………………………… 64

2016……………………………………………………… 70

2017……………………………………………………… 76

2018……………………………………………………… 86

2019……………………………………………………… 94

2020……………………………………………………… 109

2021……………………………………………………… 117

2022……………………………………………………… 129
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For More Free KCSE Past Papers & Answers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com

K.C.S.E YEAR 2010 PAPER 313/1

1 . (a) Identify eight historical books in the Old Testament. (8 marks)

(b) Give seven reasons why the Bible is referred to as a library. (7 marks)
(c) State five different occasions when Christians use the Bible. (5 marks)
2. (a) State four ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus
(8 marks)
(b) How did the Israelites worship God when they were in the wilderness? (5 marks)
(c) Identify seven challenges that Christians face while practising their faith in Kenya today. (7 marks)
3.(a) From the story of Naboth's vineyard, explain the commandments which King Ahab and Queen Jezebel
broke. (8 marks)
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(b) With reference to 1 Kings 21: 17 - 29, give the forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King
Ahab and Queen Jezebel. (6 marks)
(c) Why is killing condemned in traditional African communities? (6 marks)
4.(a) Outline six characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament. (6 marks)
(b) State four ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos.
(8 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in society today. (6 marks)
5. (a) Give six reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet.
(6 marks)
(b) Explain four evils condemned by Prophet Jeremiah during the Temple sermon. (8 marks)
(c) State six ways in which Church leaders communicate God's message to people in Kenya today.
(6 marks)
6 (a) Name six places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional African communities.
(6 marks)
(b) Give seven reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities. (7 marks)
(c) State seven roles of ancestors in traditional African communities. (7 marks)

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KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL 2010

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CRE PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME

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1. a) The historical Books of the Old Testament.

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i) Joshua

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ii) Judges

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iii) Ruth

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iv) First Samuel vi
v) Second Samuel
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vi) First Kings

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vii) Second Kings

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viii) First Chronicles

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ix) Second Chronicles

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x) Ezra
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xi) Nehemiah
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xii) Esther
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b) Reasons why the bible is referred to a library.

Mo

i) It contains many books.

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Fo

ii) The books were written by different authors

iii) It has different categories of books/division
iv) The books are written in different styles/forms
v) The books in the bible were written at different times/situation/background
vi) The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purpose
vii) The books were written for different audience/readers
viii) The books are systematically arranged /order/chronological.
ix) Ref. book 4 theology

c) Occasions when Christians use the Bible

i) When preaching the word of God (crusade/church sermons)
ii) When in court
iii) When instructing new converts/conducting Bible study
iv) During different Christian religious ceremonies/festivals
v) When teaching Christian Religious Education
vi) When composing songs/plays/Christian literature
vii) During fellowships/prayers/guidance/counselling
viii) During a swearing in ceremony

2. a) Ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the
Exodus.
i) He made a passage from them in the Red Sea.
ii) He provided them with manna.
iii) He provided them with quails.
iv) He provided them with water from the stone/rock/asked Moses to purify the
bitter water.
v) He gave the Ten Commandments

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vi) He defeated their enemies the Egyptians/Amelekites/protect them against

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change.

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vii) He provided a cloud to lead them during the day.

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viii) He provided a pillar of fire to lead them in the darkness.

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ix) Provided them leaders.

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b) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God when they were in the

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wilderness. vi
i) They built alters
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ii) They offered sacrifices

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iii) They sang songs/danced

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iv) They said prayers

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v) They held festivals

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vi) They gave offerings/tithes

KC

vii) They constructed/sacred places of worship/tabernacle/tent of meeting

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viii) They observed the Sabbath day

Fr

ix) They burnt incense/burnt offerings.

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Mo

c) The challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya
r
Fo

today.
i) The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
ii) The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
iii) The emphasis of materialism by the churches.
iv) Lack of roles models among the leaders.
v) Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church
members/authoritarianism.
vi) Misuse of resources by the leaders.
vii) Rise of state-church conflict e.g No/Yes situation.
viii) Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.
ix) Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
x) Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
xi) Permissiveness/moral decadence/during abuse

3. a) The commandments that King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke from the story
of Naboth’s vineyard.
i) They broke the commandments of not to kill when they planned for the stoning
of Naboth.
ii) When they worshipped idols, they broke the rule of not worshipping other gods.
iii) They broke the commandments of not coveting a neighbour’s property when they
wanted Naboth’s vineyard.
iv) The commandments of not stealing was broken when they took Naboth’s
vineyard.
v) The commandments of not to cheat/bear false witness was broken when they
planned instituting for false witness against Naboth.
vi) They used the name of God in vain when they said that Naboth had blasphemed
God.

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b) Forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel.

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i) Death of King Ahab would be in the same place/valley of Jezebel like Naboth.

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ii) Evil would be upon Ahab

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iii) God was to take away the prosperity of Ahab/his rule would come to an end.

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iv) Dogs would lick the blood of Ahab

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v) All the male children free/slaves would be cut off.

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vi) The lineage of Ahab would be wiped out.
vi
vii) The dogs would eat anybody who belongs to the family of Ahab who died in the
rs

city.
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viii) The birds of the air would eat all who die in the field.
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ix) The dogs will eat the body of Jezebel.

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SE

c) Reasons why killings was condemned in traditional African communities.

KC

i) Life is sacred and therefore should not be destroyed by anybody.

ee

ii) It brings hatred/revenge/ill-feeling among members of the community.

Fr

iii) It destroys continuity of the family/community

re

iv) It brings poverty/denies one the chance to take part in the community
Mo

development.
r
Fo

v) It breeds suspicion/fear/anxiety.
vi) It destroys harmony/undermines good relationships in the community.
vii) It creates sadness/misery/sorrow to the relatives/community
viii) To avoid being banished/ex-communicated by the community.
ix) Avoid curses/being haunted

4. a) Characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament

i) They were called by God.
ii) They received revelation from God through dreams/visions/direct
command/familiar objects
iii) They were obedient
iv) They faced opposition/rejection from the people because of their
uncompromising attitude.
v) They commanded God’s message to the people.
vi) The prophets spoke with authority/were fearless.
vii) They acknowledged one God who was universal/monotheism
viii) They understood the nature of the prophesies.
ix) They preached about God’s judgment for sin/hope for restoration.
x) Their prophesies were fulfilled.
xi) They did not prophesy for material gains
xii) They lead holy lives.

b) Ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the times of prophet Amos.
i) The rich took people’s garment in pledge.
ii) The poor were robbed of their food/gains/belongings
iii) Merchants overcharged the poor when selling them anything.

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iv) The poor were sold for a piece of silver/air of shoes as they were considered

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useless.

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v) The goods sold to the poor were unfit for human use/consumption/expired.

kc
vi) The poor were cheated in business deals as the rich used faulty

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scales/measures

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vii) The poor were sold into slavery when they were unable to pay their debts to the

ww
rich.

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viii) The poor were denied justice in the law courts because they could not bribe the
vi
judges.
rs

ix) The cases taken to the courts by the poor were thrown out/not listened to.
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c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in Kenya today.
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i) There are too many needy cases.

SE

ii) Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
KC

iii) Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do

ee

not belong to their camp.

Fr

iv) Lack of what to share/inadequacy

re

v) Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.

Mo

vi) Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with
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Fo

those who do not belong to their group.

vii) Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make
impossible to reach the needy.
viii) It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.
ix) Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages
Christian from contributing.

5. a) Reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a
prophet.
i) He felt that he was too young/was inexperienced as a prophet.
ii) He did not have the message to the people.
iii) He lacked confidence/courage
iv) He did not know how to speak/not a good speaker.
v) He was afraid of confronting/talking against the kings/elders
vi) The task was too difficult overwhelming for him.
vii) He was not sure of what could be done to him by the people of the message he
was to deliver (response to the message).

b) Evils condemned by prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon.

i) He condemned the false belief about the temple not being destroyed because it
was God’s dwelling place.
ii) He condemned the hypocrisy/presence of people who committed different sins
and came to the temple to worship Yahweh.
iii) He talked about the defiled of the temple by placing idols in it.
iv) He condemned the worship of other gods/idolatry which was a rebellion to the
Sinai covenant.

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v) He condemned the practice of human sacrifice which was against the

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commandments of God.

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vi) He condemned oppression of the foreigners/widows/orphans which against the

kc
covenant way of life.

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vii) He condemned the stubbornness/rebellion of the Israelites against God’s

w.
warning

ww
c) Ways in which church leaders communicate God’s message to the people in

t
si
Kenya today. vi
i) Use of print/give out bibles e.g. publications conference/retreat.
rs

ii) Holding public meetings/crusades/Rallies

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iii) Through sings songs of praise

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iv) Through conducting pastoral care/counseling

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v) Through carrying spiritual healing/prayer

SE

vi) Conducting door to door evangelism visits.

KC

vii) Providing material support to the needy.

ee

viii) Through leading exemplary lives.

Fr

ix) Through electronic media (6 x 1 = 6

re

marks)
Mo
r
Fo

6. a) Places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional Africa communities.

i) Under trees/in forests
ii) In caves
iii) At river banks/seashore/lake shores
iv) Near rocks
v) On mountains/hill tops
vi) At waterfalls
vii) In shrines/temples
viii) In homes
ix) Grave sides (6 x 1 = 6
marks)

b) Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities.

i) It is an act of worship.
ii) It enables the people to maintain good relationship with God/Human beings.
iii) As a way of asking for protecting
iv) To appease ancestors/spirits/God for any wrongs done e.g( cleansing forgiveness)
v) In recognition /honour the ancestors of god’s power.
vi) It is a way of acknowledging god as the source of life.
vii) In order to seek God’s intervention in times of trouble.
viii) As a thanksgiving to ancestors/spirits/gods
ix) To invite/ancestors/spirits/God in the function/event.
x) To ask for blessings (7 x 1 =
7marks)

c) Roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.

i) They act as mediators/intercessors between the living and God.

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ii) They monitor oversee what is happening in the community.

st
pa
iii) They bring punishment to the wrong doers/blessings to the righteous

se
iv) They give instructions/directions on what should be done by members of the

kc
community.

ee
fr
v) They rebuke/give a warning of the coming punishment for wrong doers.

w.
vi) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.

ww
vii) They are community values/traditions.

t
si
viii) Through the ancestors, the living have a sense of belonging/identify.
vi
ix) They welcome the dead to the spiritual world.
rs

x) They provide a reservoir of names. (7 x 1 = 7

pe
pa

marks)
st
pa
SE
KC
ee
Fr
re
Mo
r
Fo

35
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CRE

st
pa
se
2011

kc
ee
fr
PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEMES

w.
ww
t
1.
a) si
vi
The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school
rs
pe

(i) It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth

pa

(ii) The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life

st

(iii) It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
pa

(iv) It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
SE

(v) It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people

KC

(vi) It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life

ee

(vii) It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth

Fr

(viii) It leads to employment / carrer

re
Mo

(b) The major division of the old and new testament

r
Fo

(i) law books.

(ii) Historical books.
( i i i ) Prophetic books.
(iv) poetic books
(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books
vi) Epistles / letters

(c) Ways in w h i c h the Bible, is misused in Kenya today.

(i) It is used to take oaths in courts / offices by people who may not be believers /
not saying the truth.
(ii) It is kept in places associated w i t h evil.
(iii) There is distortion of the Biblical teachings / specific verses are picked to
fulfil
i n d i v i d u a l demand misinterpretation
(iv) Some people use Bible like an ordinary..text book I reference .
(v) It is being used in witchcraft / cults to mislead people
(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade
(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible
(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display
(ix) Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses
7 x 1 - 7 marks

2(a) How God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at M t . Sinai

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(i) God told Moses to remind the people of" Israel of how he had brou ght the m

st
pa
ou t o f Egy pt

se
kc
(ii) God told Moses t h a t He wanted to make a special relationship with I s r a e l /

ee
fr
make

w.
them a kingdom of priests

ww
(iii) Moses called all the elders / people and told them what God had said.

t
si
(iv) God told Moses that he wanted the Israelites to obey him.
vi
(v) The Israelites promised to do all that t h e Lord h a d said.
rs

(vi) God promised to come down a n d meet w i t h t h e people on the third day.
pe

( v i i ) The people were ins tructed to consecrated themselves / w a s h t h e i r

pa

garments
st

(viii) The people were to abstain fro m sexual relationships

pa

(ix) On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet
SE
KC

blast /an earthquake.

ee

(x) Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at
Fr

the foot of the mountain

re

(xi) The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him
Mo
r

(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai
Fo

(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .
(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader
(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel
(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry
(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds
(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God

(c) Lessons learned by Christians about the nature of God from the Exodus
(i) God is caring
(ii) He communicates
(iii) He provides
(iv) He is powerful
(v) He guides
(vi) He protects
(vii) He commands
(viii) He is to be obeyed
(ix) He punishes those who disobey him
(x)He is holy
(xi) He is faithful
(xii) He is patient
(xiii) He is merciful
(xiv) He is jealous 8 x = 8 marks

3. (a) The failures of king Saul

(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it

(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.
(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life of
king Agag.

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(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them

st
pa
(v) He lost faith in God

se
(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David

kc
(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God

ee
(viii) He committed suicide 5 x

fr
w.
1 = 5 marks

ww
t
(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel
si
(i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .
vi
(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel
rs
pe

(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites

pa

(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .

st

(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.
pa

(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours

SE

(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship

KC

(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.

ee

(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple

Fr
re
Mo
r
Fo

(c) Reasons why Christians build churches

( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.
(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .
(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .
(iv) Religious function take place there.
(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .
(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .
(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God
(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of
God
(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity
(x) As a sign of growth

4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament

(i) They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
(ii) They respoded to God’s call in faith / they obeyed
(iii) They were called by God
(iv) They were given specific tasks to carry out
(v) They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
(vi) They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
(vii) Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
(viii) They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
(ix) They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
(x) They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
(xi) They were persecuted for their work
(xii) They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7
marks

(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel

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(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd

st
pa
(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah

se
(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11

kc
(iv) God called him through a vision

ee
(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy

fr
w.
(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience

ww
t
(c) The five visions of prophet Amos
(i) si
He saw a swarm of locusts.
vi
(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God
rs
pe

(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .

pa

(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits

st

(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple

pa
SE

5. (a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia
KC

(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem

ee

(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .

Fr

(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands

re

(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the
Mo

booths
r

(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes
Fo

(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession

(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of
Nehemiah and
the priest.
(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.
(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side.
4 x 2 = 8marks

(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah

(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God
(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.
(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .
(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple
(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the
temple.
(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.
(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to
idotry

(c) Lessons from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemia

(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
(ii) They should lead righteous lives.
(iii) Christian should always pray to God
(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility
(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God

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(vi) They should teach others the word of god

st
pa
(vii) They should set aside aday for worship

se
(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1

kc
= 6 marks

ee
fr
w.
6. (a) The traditional African view of a community

ww
(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living dead

t
/ the ancestors
(ii) si
The members speak common language
vi
(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption
rs
pe

(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region
pa

(v) They carry out similar economic activities.

st

(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans

pa

(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs
SE

/cultural /practices
KC

(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being
ee

of others
Fr

(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community
re
Mo

Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
r
Fo

(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God
(i) The introduction of western culture
(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems
(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.
(iv) some people rely on science and technology
(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .
(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God
(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other
than God .
(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.
(ix) modern education

(c) Similarities between Christian and traditional African ways of showing respect to God
(i) In both members pray to God
(ii) In both they give offering
(iii) In both members sing songs
(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need
(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name
carelessly
(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully
(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship
(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders
(ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God

41
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C.R.E QUESTIONS PAPER 1

KCSE 2012

1.(a) Identify six literary forms used in the writing of the Bible (6 marks)

(b) State four reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by the
early Christians. (8 marks)

(c) Outline six ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible. (6 marks)

2.(a) Describe the covenant ceremony between God and Abraham in Genesis 15: 1-19.
(7 marks)

(b) Identify four differences between the Jewish and the traditional African practices of
Circumcision (8 marks)

(c) Give five reasons why church leaders take vows before starting their mission.
(5 marks)

3.(a) Describe six ways that king David used to promote the worship of God in Israel.
(6 marks)

(b) Explain four life skills that Elijah used to fight against false religion in Israel.
(8 marks)
(c) What problems do church leaders in Kenya face when carrying out their work?
(6 marks)

4.(a) Give four reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites worshipped
God. (8 marks)

(b) State six ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet
Amos. (6 marks)

(c) How does the church in Kenya punish errant members? (6 marks)

5 . a) From the call of Jeremiah, identify eight qualities of God (Jeremiah 1).
(8 marks)
(b) Give six characteristics of the New Covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.
(6 marks)
(c) Give six ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters. (6 marks)

42
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6.(a) Describe five ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate
with God.
(5 marks)
(b) Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in
traditional African communities.
(8 marks)

(c) Give seven reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African communities.
(7 marks)

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CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

st
pa
PAPER 1

se
kc
MARKING SCHEMEME-2012

ee
fr
w.
1. (a) The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible

ww
(i) Poetry

t
si
(ii) Wise sayings vi
(iii) Prose/narratives
rs

(iv) Letters/Epistles
pe
pa

(v) Legal/Law expressions

st

(vi) Songs
pa

(vii) Prophetic/ speeches

SE

(viii) Gospels
KC

(ix) Philosophical essays

ee

(x) Prayers eg Nehemiah

Fr

xi) Sermons (6x1=6 marks)

re

(b) Reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early
Mo

Christians.
r
Fo

(i) The eye witnesses of Jesus Christ were being killed.

ii) In order to prevent information from getting lost/distorted
iii) Due to the expansion of the church/increased number of believers/who needed
material to refer to.
iiv) To counteract false teachings/ teachers who were confusing the believers.
(v) To ensure that same doctrines/beliefs, were being taught to all Christians
vi) To reach out to the Jews in Diaspora/ gentiles
vii) To preserve an orderly account of biblical themes/ distortion
(4x2= 8 marks).
(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible in Kenya today.
(i) Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth/ meditation/ Bible study
(ii) They use it for instructing converts.
(iii) It is used as a text book when teaching Christian Religious Education in
schools/colleges.
(iv) It is used as resource material in search of general knowledge.
(v) It is used to compose Christian hymns/ songs/ dramas/ plays/ films.
(vi) It is used in taking oaths/vows/swearing.
(vii) It is used as a prayer book
(viii) It is used for preaching evangelism
(ix) It is used to explain Christian ethics/ rituals/ doctrines.
x) It is used to produce Christian literatures of Christian magazines
(6 x 1 = 6 marks)
2. a) The covenant ceremony between God and Abraham.
(i) Abraham was in doubt for the promise of a son.
(ii) God assured him that his own son would inherit him and not Eliezer of
Damascus.

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(iii) God showed Abraham the many stars and confirmed that his decedents would

st
pa
be as the stars.

se
(iv) God asked Abraham to bring him a heifer, a goat, a ram, each three years old, a

kc
dove and a young pigeon.

ee
fr
(v) Abraham cut the animals into and arranged the halves in two rows.

w.
(vi) The birds were not cut.

ww
(vii) He drove away the birds of prey that targeted the carcasses.

t
si
(viii) At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.
vi
(ix) God spoke to him giving the promise that his descendants would be slaves for
rs

four
pe
pa

hundred years but He would set to liberate them.

st

(x) Abraham was promised a long peaceful life. Good old age.
pa

(xi) Abraham saw God pass through the carcasses in form of a smoking fire pot and
SE

a flarming torch.
KC

xii) Reaffirmed to give them land.

ee

(7X1=7marks)
Fr
re

b) Differences between Jewish and the traditional African circumcision practices.

Mo

(i) In the Jewish community, it is for boys only while in some traditional African
r
Fo

communities it is for both boys and girls.

(ii) In the Jewish community, it is done on eighth day while in traditional African
communities it is done during adolescent stage.
(iii) Its purpose in the Jewish community is to identify with God’s people while in
traditional African communities it is to promote one to adult life.
(iv) Among the Jews, the practice was commanded by God while in traditional
African communities it was done in obedience to the ancestors.
(v) The rite is not seasonal among the Jews as is the case in traditional African
communities.
(v) In traditional African communities it is a gate way to more responsibilities while
among the Jews one is too young for any responsibility.
(4x2= 8 marks)

c) Reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission.
(i) To receive God’s blessing/guidance.
(ii) To get acknowledgement from the people being served.
(iii) It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/mission.
(iv) To get the authority of God to lead.
(v) It gives the leader courage to do his/her work.
(vi) It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve.
(vii) To emulate the Biblical way of commissioning servants of God.
(5x1=5marks)
3. (a) Ways used by King David to promote the workup of God in Israel.
(i) He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.
(ii) He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came
for important religious occasion.
(iii) He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.

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(iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.

st
pa
(v) He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.

se
(vi) When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.

kc
(vii) He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do

ee
fr
viii) He entered into a covenant with God.

w.
ix) He build alters / offered sacrifices

ww
(6x1=6marks)

t
si
vi
(b) Life skills used by Prophet Elijah to fight against false religion.
rs

(i) Asseniyeness - he told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
pe
pa

(ii) Creative thinking - He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baal and
st

himself.
pa

(iii) Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetess of baal.

SE

(iv) Self esteem - He was convinced that God was on his side.
KC

(v) Negotiation - Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.
ee
Fr
re

(vi) Conflict resolution - Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that
Mo

Yahweh was the true God.

r
Fo

(vii) Effective communication - He explained to the people how the contest was to be
carried out.
(viii) Self awareness - He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he had
confidence in himself.
(4x2 = 8marks)

(c) Problems faced by church leaders in carrying out their work.

(i) They receive threats from the opponents.
(ii) They lack material/ financial assistance.
(iii) There is lack of cooperation from the church members.
(iv) There is rivalry among the leaders/themselves.
(v) They may not be good role models/hypocrisy.
(vi) They may suffer from long separation from their families.
(vii) There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources/
Science & technology.
(viii) Greed for things/property.
(ix) They may be posted to a hostile working environment.
(x) There is political interference in their work.
(xi) They may lack adequate skills for carrying out their work.
xii) Permissiveness/ corruption/ mass media
xiii) Rejection
(6x1 = 6 marks)
4. a) Reasons why Amos was against the worship of God in Israel
(i) The Israelites had neglected God/worshipped idols.
ii) They practised insincere worship/had no inner faith.
iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was
against God’s teaching.

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iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.

st
pa
v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their

se
businesses.

kc
vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God

ee
fr
vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts

w.
(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality.

ww
(ix) They defiled the place of worship. eg drinking & wine

t
si
x) Building high places for the gods & worshipped other gods.
vi
(4x2=8 marks)
rs
pe
pa

b) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Prophet
Amos.
st
pa

i) Israel would be surrounded by an enemy nation.

SE

ii) The Israelites would be taken to exile

KC

iii) Amaziah, the Priest/King would die by the sword.

ee

iv) The Holy place of worship would be destroyed.

Fr

v)The land would be occupied by a foreign nation/ cities would be destroyed.

re

vi)There would be hunger/thirst for the word of God.

Mo

(vii) God would cover the land with total darkness/ eclipse.
r
Fo

(viii) There would be earthquakes.

(c) How the church punishes errant members.

(i) The church suspends them
(ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.
(iii) They may be denied leadership positions/demoted. withdrawal of privilages
(iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologise.
(v) They may be warned.
(vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.
(vii) They may be sacked from the job
(viii) They may be excommunicated.
ix) Payment of fines
(6x1 = 6 marks)

5. a) Qualities of God from the call of prophet Jeremiah.

(i) God is the creator
(ii) God knows every person by name/all knowing.
(iii) God is a planner/chooses/appoints.
(iv) God is holy.
(v) God hates/punishes evil.
(vi) God is just/judges
(vii) He is caring/concerned.
(viii) God is merciful/forgiving.
(ix) God is universal.
(x) God is a protector/deliverer
(xi) He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.
(xii) He is beyond human understanding/transcedent.

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(xiii) He is everywhere/omnipresent.

st
pa
(8x1=8 marks)

se
kc
(b) The characteristics of the new covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.

ee
fr
(i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.

w.
(ii) Every individuaLwould know God individually.

ww
(iii) It would be an everlasting covenant/ would not be broken again.

t
si
(iv) There would be suffering for ones sins.
vi
(v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.
rs

(vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/wiih the remnant.

pe
pa

Vii) It would establish a new Israel/ a new people of God.

st

(viii) It would be initiated by God.

pa

(6x1 = 6 marks)
SE
KC

(c) Ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters.

ee

(i) By donating food clothing for them.

Fr

(ii) By providing shelter for them.

re

(iii) By resettling them in safe areas.

Mo

(iv) Offering guidance and counselling.

r
Fo

(v) Through healthcare.

(vi) By re-uniting them with their families.
(vii) By providing financial assistance
(viii) By taking preventive measures against future disaster. (6x1 = 6 marks)

(ix) Through visiting them.

x) Praying for/ with them.
xi) Preaching to them
(6x1 = 6 marks)

6. a) Ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate with

God.
(i) They make sacrifices to God.
ii) They sing/dance for God.
iii) They say prayers to God.
iv) Through charting/recitation/ involving God’s name
v) They give offerings/food stuffs
vi) Through burning incense
(5 x 5 = 5 marks)

(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional
African communities.
i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity
iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.
iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies

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vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.

st
pa
(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.

se
(ix)They are used to mark the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/

kc
happiness/ rejoice

ee
fr
(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the

w.
initiates

ww
xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness

t
si
vi (8x1=8 marks)
rs

(c) Reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.

pe
pa

i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.

st

ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.

pa

iii) It leads to poverty/ loss of property

SE

iv) It involves cheating/telling lies

KC

v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/ migrate to other places.
ee

vi) It can lead to break up of families/ conflicts/ quarrel/division.

Fr

vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast./ excommunication

re

viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.

Mo

ix) It leads to underdevelopment.

r
Fo

x) It can cause physical/psychological. Injury.

xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family
(7x1=7 marks)

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3.10 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (313)

3.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 (313/1)

1 (a) Identify the five poetic books in the Bible. (5 marks)

(b) Outline the translation of the Bible from the original language to local languages.
(8 marks)

(c) Describe seven ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the gospel today.
(7 marks)
2 (a) Describe the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
(Genesis 22: 1-19) (6 marks)

(b) Give four differences between the Jewish and traditional African practices of
circumcision. (8 marks)
(c) State six ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society today.
(6 marks)

3 (a) How did prophet Samuel promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel? (8 marks)

(b) Explain six effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of prophet Elijah. (6 marks)

(c) What lessons can Christians learn about social justice from the story of Naboth’s
vineyard? (6 marks)

4 (a) Identify six characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament. (6 marks)

(b) Describe the teaching of prophet Amos on Israel’s election. (6 marks)

(c) State eight factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in God.
(8 marks)
5 (a) Outline the measures taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish community after the
completion of the wall of Jerusalem. (7 marks)

(b) Explain why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
(8 marks)
(c) Identify five ways in which the government of Kenya supports church leaders in their
work. (5 marks)

6 (a) Outline the causes of death in traditional African communities. (6 marks)

(b) Explain the significance of rituals performed after the death of a person in traditional
African communities. (7 marks)
List seven moral values promoted during funeral ceremonies in traditional African
50
(c)
communities. (7 marks)

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4.10 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (313)

4.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 (313/1)

1. (a) The poetic books in the Bible

(i) Job
(ii) Psalms
(iii) Proverbs
(iv) Ecclesiastes
(v) Song of Solomon.
5x1 5 marks

(b) Translation of the Bible from the original languages to local languages

(i) The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew.

(ii) The New Testament was originally written in Greek.
(iii) The Old Testament was translated from Hebrew into Greek.
(iv) The entire Bible was translated into Latin by Jerome.
(v) The Bible was translated directly from Hebrew and Greek into English by
William Tyndale.
(vi) The Bible was translated into national languages of European countries during
the period of Reformation.
(vii) It was translated from English into Kiswahili by Dr. Kraph.
(viii) The Bible has been translated into other local languages by the Bible Society of
Kenya/individuals.
4x2 8 marks

(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Gospel today.

(i) The Bible is the main source book for Christian sermons.
(ii) It is used in the writing of Christian literature.
(iii) The Bible is used when composing songs.
(iv) It is used in the production of Christian movies/videos/radio programs/plays.
(v) the Bible is used in swearing/taking of oath of allegiance.
(vi) It is used to organize Bible studies/teaching Sunday/Sabbath schools.
(vii) Verses from the Bible are used for imprints/posters.
(viii) The Bible is used in writing of doctrines for different denominations.
(ix) Biblical texts are used in teaching of Christian Religious Education.
(x) It is used to offer guidance and counselling.
7x1 7 marks

2. (a) The incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac.

(i) God told Abraham to take his only son to the land of Moriah/ to offer him as a
sacrifice.
(ii) Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for burnt offering.

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(iii) They arrived at the place after a three day’s journey.
(iv) Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and Isaac went up to
worship.
(v) He took Isaac, the firewood and the knife, and went up.
(vi) Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering would come from.
(vii) Abraham told Isaac that God would provided the lamb for a burnt offering.
(viii) When they arrived at the place God had commanded, Abraham built an altar.
(ix) He bound Isaac/laid him on the altar upon the wood.
(x) Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of the Lord stopped him.
(xi) Abraham saw a ram, which he offered instead of his son.
(xii) He called the name of the place, The Lord will provide.
(xiii) The angle appeared to Abraham a second time and gave him promises because
of his obedience.
(xiv) Abraham returned with his men to Beersheba.
6x1 6 marks

(b) Differences between Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.

(i) In Jewish Community, circumcision is for male children only whereas in African
practices, it is for both male and female.
(ii) Among the Jews, circumcision is performed on babies of 8 days old whereas in
traditional African communities, it is done during adolescence stage.
(iii) In African communities, it is a test of courage, whereas in Jewish community, it
is a sign of covenant with God.
(iv) Circumcision in African communities is a communal practice whereas among
the Jews, only members of the immediate family participate.
(v) In traditional African communities, initiates take up responsibilities while
among the Jews, the initiates are too young to shoulder any responsibility.
(vi) In African communities, circumcision is carried out during specific seasons
while among the Jews, it is continuous.
4x2 8 marks

(c) Ways in which Christians Identity themselves in the society today.

(i) Christians wear specific designs of clothes.

(ii) They abstain from eating some kinds of food/taking some drinks.
(iii) By carrying/wearing the rosary/cross/the flag/badges/rings.
(iv) They have special ways of greetings/salutations.
(v) Through making personal testimonies/pronouncements.
(vi) By owning specific Bible versions/literature.
(vii) Through speaking in tongues.
(viii) Use of specific church designs.
(ix) Use of different titles/ names.
(x) Through ways in which they worship.
(xi) By residing in secluded homes/houses.
6x1 6 marks

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3. (a) Ways in which prophet Samuel promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel.

(i) He prayed/interceded for the people.

(ii) He mediated between God and the Israelites.
(iii) He performed priestly duties/made sacrifices.
(iv) He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
(v) He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political King/dangers of
rejection.
(iv) He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
(v) He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political King/dangers of
(vi) He anointed kings over Israel.
(vii) He obeyed God’s command’s /instructions/was exemplary.
4x2 8 marks

(b) Effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah.

(i) God raised prophets to bring Israel back to the covenant way of life.
(ii) There was persecution/hostility/towards Yahweh’s people/prophets.
(iii) Bad prophets/prophetesses were brought to Israel.
(iv) There was corruption/social injustices/people rejected the covenant way of life.
(v) Israelites practiced Semitism mixed the worship of Yahweh with Baal.
(vi) There was drought in Israel for three years as a divine curse on the nation.
(vii) Israel lost its identity as a nation of God’s people.
(viii) A contest was held at Mount Carmel to prove who was the true God.
(ix) Elijah fled the country/was sustained by God’s power during the period of the
drought.
6x1 6 marks

(c) Lessons Christians learn about social justice from the story of Naboth’s vineyard.

(i) Christians should not use their position in leadership to acquire wealth
irregulary/falsely.
(ii) Christians should protect the poor against corrupt leaders.
(iii) They should safe guard property received through inheritance/according to the
law.
(iv) They should not be misled by their friends/relatives to go against the law.
(v) Christians should execute justice/protest rights/freedom of citizens.
(vi) they should condemn all forms of injustice in the society.
(vii) Christians should champion/fight for the rights of the weak in the society.
(viii) There is punishment for those who exploit the poor/others.
6x1 6 marks

4. (a) Characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament,

(i) False prophets did not have a divine call/raised themselves.

(ii) They spoke falsehoods/lies.
(iii) They prophesied out of their own minds/imaginations.

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(iv) They prophesied what the people wanted to hear/according to circumstances.
(v) They misled people from the covenant way of life/promoted idolatry.
(vii) They hindered the work of true prophets.
(viii) They worked for material gain/paid for their services.
(ix) Their prophecies were not fulfilled.
6x1 6 marks

(b) The teaching of Prophet Amos on Israel’s election.

(i) Israel’s election was out of God’s own initiative/favour for them.
(ii) God delivered the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt.
(iii) He led them during the exodus.
(iv) He protected them in the wilderness.
(v) He defeated all their enemies.
(vi) God gave them special land to inherit.
(vii) God raised prophets among them to lead them in their religious life.
(viii) God was to punish the Israelites because of their disobedience.
6x1 6 marks

(c) Factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in God.

(i) Lack of role-models/mentorship.

(ii) Job commitment.
(iii) Social injustices.
(iv) Peer pressure.
(v) False teachings/different interpretation of the Bible.
(vi) Greed for power/wealth.
(vii) Permissiveness in society.
(viii) Science and technology.
(ix) Poverty/unemployment.
(x) Sickness/ill health.
(xi) Influence from mass media.
(xii) Cultural influence/Ethnicity/Racism.
(xiii) Gender bias.
(xiv) Generation gap.
8x1 8 marks

5. (a) The measures taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish Community after the completion
of the wall of Jerusalem.

(i) Nehemiah organized for the Mosaic law to be read/interpreted to the people.
(ii) He led the Jews in the renewal/celebration of the Feast of Booths /Shelters.
(iii) The people fasted/held a national day of confession of their sins.
(iv) The covenant was sealed through signing of the agreement by Nehemiah/
leaders.
(v) He led the people in taking of an oath of obedience to the Mosaic law/
contribution towards the maintenance of the temple.
(vi)
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(vii) He dedicated the walls /the gates of Jerusalem in a ceremonial procession.
(viii) Through the reading of the law, the Jews isolated themselves from the
foreigners.
(ix) Nehemiah cleansed the temple/brought back the Levites/singers to their
positions.
(x) He stopped traders from carrying out commercial activities at the temple gates
on the Sabbath day.
(xi) Nehemiah made the Jews take an oath not to marry children to foreigners.
7x1 7 marks

(b) Why Nehemiah introduced the Policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.

(i) Nehemiah wanted to keep the Jewish community pure.

(ii) The Jews were a minority group which needed to preserve their identity/culture.
(iii) Nehemiah wanted to separate/unite the Jews who returned from exile.
(iv) To solve conflicts over land ownership.
(v) Intermarriage would lead the Jews into idolatry.
(vi) The law of Moses was against association with foreigners.
(vii) Children born out of intermarriage could not speak the Hebrew language.
(viii) Religious reforms could not be effectively carried out.
4x2 8 marks

(c) Ways in which the government of Kenya supports church leaders in their work.

(i) The government gives financial/material assistance for development.

(ii) The government supports church-sponsored institutions.
(iii) By setting land aside for construction of church facilities.
(iv) The government allows freedom of worship.
(v) By availing facilities to host church workshops/seminars/conferences.
(vi) By including CRE in the curriculum.
(vii) By employing some of them as Chaplains in education institutions and in the
armed forces.
(viii) Organizing national prayer days.
(ix) Supporting leaders in conducting their charitable services.
(x) Through the development of the infrastructure.
(xi) The government has granted permission to the church to operate electronic/
media station.
(xii) The government recognizes the church calender.
5x1 5 marks
6. (a) Causes of death in traditional African Communities.

(i) Curses
(ii) Witchcraft
(iii) Sorcery/magic
(iv) Breaking of taboos
(v) Failure to perform certain taboos
(vi) Breaking of an oath
(vii) Offending the ancestors
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(viii) Natural calamity
(ix) Wars and raids.
6x1 6 marks

(b) Significance of rituals performed after the death of a person in traditional African
Communities.

(i) Wailing/crying is a sign of sorrow/announcing death.

(ii) Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/deceased.
(iii) Prayers are made to ask the ancestors to accept the dead in the world of spirits.
(iv) Sharing of members of the bereaved family signify new life in the community.
(v) Singing and dancing depict anger towards death/in praise of the dead.
(vi) Washing/oiling of the body before burial shows respect to the departed .
(vii) Burying of the dead in the ancestral land shows that one is still a member of the
community.
(viii) Burying the dead with personal belongings symbolizes life after death.
(ix) Driving of cattle/livestock shows chasing away of evil spirits which caused
death.
(x) Feasting/drinking is meant to bid farewell to the dead.
(xi) Breaking of pots/destruction of property symbolizes the disorder brought by
death.
(xiii) Sharing of deceased’s property among relatives as a sign of solidarity.
(xiv) Lighting of fire signifies chasing away evil spirits/warning spirits of the
deceased.
(xiv) Pouring of libation shows continuity of life.
7x1 = 7 marks

(c) Moral Values promoted during Funeral Ceremonies in traditional African Communities

(i) Cooperation/unity
(ii) Responsibility
(iii) Respect
(iv) Obedience
(v) Loyalty
(vi) Honesty
(vii) Courage
(viii) Love
(ix) Faith/trust
(x) Hope
(xi) Thankfulness
(xii) Self control
(xiii) Generosity.
7x1 = 7 marks

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3.10 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (313)

rs
pe
pa
3.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 (313/1)

st
pa
se
kc
ee
fr
w.
ww
t
si
Vi
rs
pe
pa
st
Pa
SE
KC
ee
Fr
re
Mo
r
Fo

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4.10 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (313)

rs
pe
pa
4.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 (313/1)

st
pa
se
1. (a) Why the Bible is considered as the word of God

kc
ee
(i) The people/authors who wrote the Bible were under the influence of the Holy Spirit / inspired

fr
w.
(ii) Through it, God’s character / attributes / nature is revealed

ww
(iii) God speaks / communicates to human beings through the Bible / it contains God’s spoken

t
si
words Vi
(iv) It shows the will / desire of God for human beings
rs

(v) Through the Bible God guides people in their daily lives
pe
pa

(vi) It transforms lives of people / source of moral values

st

(vii) Part of the Bible was directly written by God Himself i.e the Ten Commandments
(viii) Prophecies / promises made in the Bible have been / are being fulfilled
Pa
SE

(ix) It reveals the actions done by God

KC

(x) It outlines God’s plan of salvation fulfilled through Jesus Christ

ee

(xi) It remains relevant for all generations.

Fr

7 x 1 = 7 marks
re
Mo

(b) Effects of translating the Bible into African local languages

r
Fo

(i) Bible translation has led to the development of the African languages
(ii) It has led to the spread of the word of God to many people
(iii) Through the translations people are able to apply the Bible teachings in their lives
(iv) It has contributed to improved literacy levels among the Africans
(v) It has led to emergence of African independent churches /schools / African leadership
(vi) It has contributed to the numerical growth of the church / expansion of the church membership
(vii) It gives people an opportunity to analyse the Bible in relation to their cultures
(viii) The translation of the Bible has made Africans to incorporate their cultural practices into
Christian worship
(ix) It has enhanced the development of printing press / bookshops / creation of jobs
(x) It has made people to carryout research in African beliefs / practices
(xi) It has led to ecumenical cooperation among Christian in Africa.
(x) It has led to creation of jobs.
7x1 = 7 marks

(c) Versions of the Bible used in Kenya today:

(i) Revised Standard version

(ii) Good news Bible
(iii) Common Bible
(iv) New International version
(v) King James Version
(vi) The African Bible
(vii) Jerusalem Bible
(viii) The Living Bible

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(ix) The Gideons International Version

pe
(x) The New English Bible

pa
(xi) The Holy Bible

st
pa
(xii) Jerome Bible

se
(xiii) The Youths Bible

kc
(xiv) Amplified Bible

ee
fr
6 x 1 = 6 mark

w.
ww
2. (a) The call of Moses. (EXODUS 3:1-22)

t
si
Vi
(i) Moses was looking after his father-in-law’s sheep at Mt Horeb / Sinai
rs
pe

(ii) An angel of the Lord appeared to him in a burning bush which was not getting consumed
pa

(iii) Moses turned to see the bush God called his name out of the bush
st

(iv) Moses responded to God by saying, “Here I am”

Pa

(v) God commended Moses not to move near / to remove his shoes because the place was holy.
SE

(vi) God revealed Himself to Moses as the God of his ancestors

KC

(vii) Moses hid his face / was afraid to look at God

ee
Fr

(viii) God told Moses that he had seen the suffering of his people in Egypt / had come
to deliver them / wanted to sent Moses to Pharaoh to release his people
re
Mo

(ix) Moses was reluctant to be sent to Pharaoh / God promised to be with him
r

(x) Moses sought to know the name of God who was sending him / God revealed his
Fo

name as “Iam who I am”

(xi) God told Moses to go and gather the elders of Israel / tell them God’s message about
their deliverance
(xii) Moses was told to go with the elders to Pharaoh to ask for their release from Egypt.
(xiii) God promised to perform wonders to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites.
(xiv) The Israelites will get favour from the Egyptians/will get jewellery.
8 x 1 = 8 marks

(b) Plagues that God used to demonstrate his power in Egypt.

(i) The waters of Egypt turned into blood

(ii) The land of Egypt was covered with frogs
(iii) The dust of Egypt became gnats
(iv) Swarms of flies covered the land
(v) There was death of all Egyptian livestock
(vi) There was an outbreak of boils on human beings / animals
(vii) The plague of severe hailstorm
(viii) There were swarm of locusts
(ix) Darkness covered the land of Egypt for three days
(x) Death of the first born males of the Egyptians.
7 x 1 = 7 marks

(c) Reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal

(i) Christians should trust in God to provide for their needs

(ii) So as to show respect for other peoples’ property
(iii)
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Christians should work to acquire their needs / laziness is discouraged
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(iv) Christians should have others / should not make others suffer

pe
(v) They should uphold their dignity / self worth be role models

pa
(vi) In order to promote peace / harmony among people / stealing causes conflict in society

st
pa
(vii) In order to practise self control/ righteousness

se
(viii) Christians are expected to be contented with what they have / stealing is an act of greed.

kc
ee
5 x 1 = 5 marks

fr
w.
3. (a) The achievements of Solomon as the King of Israel.

ww
t
si
(i) Solomon built a magnificent temple for God / brought the ark of the covenant to the temple
Vi
(ii) He promoted trade with neighbouring countries / had a navy of merchant ships.
rs

(iii) He initiated a building programme / built the city of Megiddo / royal palaces / fortified the
pe
pa

city of Jerusalem
st

(iv) He reorganized the country into districts for effective administration

Pa

(v) He established good diplomatic relationships with other nations through inter marriages
SE

(vi) He settled disputes among people wisely

KC

(vii) He composed proverbs / songs

ee
Fr

(viii) He initiated industrial activities within the Kingdom / exploited copper mines at Edom
(ix) He established a strong army for defence.
re
Mo

7 x 1 = 7 marks
r
Fo

(b) The importance of the temple in Jerusalem to the Israelites.

(i) The temple was a place of worship / prayers /sacrifices.

(ii) It was where major festivals were held.
(iii) It was used as a treasury / important objects kept there / foreign currency exchanged.
(iv) It was a source of unity among the people / gave a sense of security.
(v) It symbolised the presence of God among the people / the ark of the covenant was kept there.
(vi) It was where people were taught the law.
(vii) It was used as residence / training centre for religious leaders.
(viii) It was a place where disputes were settled / law court.
(ix) It was a place where religious ceremonies / rites were performed.
(x) It was a place of pilgrimage for the Jews.
7 x 1 = 7 marks

(c) Lessons that modern political leaders in Kenya can learn from King Solomon

(i) Political leaders should ask for wisdom from God to enable them to rule
(ii) They should trust in God / have faith in God / obey God
(iii) They should promote the worship of God / support Christian projects
(iv) They should rule with justice / fairness / should not oppress their subjects
(v) They should exercise self control / be leaders of integrity
(vi) They should have good diplomatic / trading relations with other countries
(vii) They should make good use of the nation’s resources / not be extravagant
(viii) They should protect their nation’s territory / land.
(6 x 1 = 6 marks)

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4. (a) Categories of true prophets in the Old Testament:

pe
pa
(i) Major prophets - their messages / books are elaborate / detailed

st
pa
(ii) Minor prophets - they have short / brief messages

se
(iii) Canonical prophets - they are prophets whose utterances are recorded in books that bear their

kc
ee
names

fr
(iv) Non - canonical prophets - they are prophets whose oracles / messages have been compiled by

w.
other authors

ww
(v) Cultic / early prophets - they are prophets whose duties were associated with places of worship

t
si
Vi 3 x 2 = 6 marks
rs
pe

(b) Similarities between the traditional African and true prophets in the Old Testament.
pa
st

(i) Both predicted future events / disasters

Pa

(ii) Both acted as mediators between God and the peopl.

SE

(iii) Both had supernatural powers to exercise their duties

KC

(iv) Both had a personal relationship with God / received revelations through visions / dreams
ee

(v) They were religious leaders who could offer sacrifices / prayers
Fr

(vi) Both played an advisory role to the political leaders /acted as the conscience of the leaders
re
Mo

(vii) Both urged their people to be morally upright / condemned evil in society
r

(viii) They led exemplary lives / were role models.

Fo

(ix) Both had prophets and prophetess.

6 x 1 = 6 marks

(c) Challenges which Church leaders in Kenya face in their work.

(i) Church leaders are rejected / persecuted

(ii) They have rivalry among themselves / inferiority/ superiority complex
(iii) They experience discrimination based on nepotism / tribalism / gender / status
(iv) There is hypocrisy among church members / religious syncretism
(v) Inadequate finances / materials for their work
(vi) They encounter temptations in their duties
(vii) They encounter language barrier while spreading the word of God
(viii) There is conflicting interpretation of the Bible
(ix) There is political interference in their work
(x) They are faced with competition from false prophets / cults
(xi) Permissiveness in society hinders their work
(xii) Poor infrastructure makes it difficult for them to access some areas.
8 x 1 = 8 marks

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5. (a) The political background to Nehemiah.

pe
pa
(i) The Kingdom of Judah had been taken over by Babylon

st
pa
(ii) The Babylonians had destroyed the walls of the city / the temple / Jerusalem
(iii) The King / royal court officials / able people were deported / exiled to Babylon

se
kc
ee
(iv) Persia conquered Babylon / Jews came under the control of Persians

fr
(v) The Persian Kings ruled the subjects through governors

w.
(vi) The conquered people were to pay tribute / taxes to Persia

ww
(vii) The Persian King / Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah in three stages

t
si
(viii) Nehemiah led the third group of Jews back to Judah.
Vi
5 x 1 = 5 marks
rs
pe
pa

(b) Occasions when Nehemiah prayed

st
Pa

(i) Nehemiah prayed when he got a bad report from the Jews that Jerusalem was in ruins
SE

(ii) When he was about to ask for permission from King Artaxerxes I to go to Judah and
KC

rebuild the wall of Jerusalem

ee
Fr

(iii) When Sanballat ridiculed the rebuilding of the wall

(iv) When Sanballat / Tobiah / Amonites threatened to fight the people of Jerusalem
re
Mo

(v) He prayed for God’s favour after having forfeited his portion of food as governor for twelve
r

years
Fo

(vi) When he was threatened to be killed by his enemies / Geshene the Arab
(vii) When he had purified the rooms in the house of God
(viii) After warning the people against ignoring the sabbath law
(ix) After he had stopped the Israelites from intermarrying with the foreigners.
7 x 1 = 7 marks

(c) Importance of prayer in the life of a Christian.

(i) Prayer is a way of communicating with God / Fellowship with God

(ii) Through prayer Christian faith in God is strengthened
(iii) Christians have opportunity to confess / seek for forgiveness through prayer
(iv) Through prayer Christians thank God for blessings received
(v) Christians ask / petition God for their need through prayer
(vi) They use prayer to intercede / show concern for others
(vii) Prayers are made in obedience to the teachings of Jesus / the Bible
(viii) It is a way of emulating the example set by Jesus / the early Church
(ix) Christians praise / adore God through prayer
(x) Prayer promote unity among believers.
8x 1 = 8 marks

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6. (a) How the aged in traditional African community prepare their family

pe
members before they die.

pa
st
pa
(i) Inviting the family members to share a common meal

se
(ii) Identifying the leader of the family

kc
ee
(iii) Disclosing to the members all the property owned

fr
(iv) Sharing / distributing the property among family members

w.
(v) Giving advice to family members

ww
(vi) Blessing the family members

t
si
(vii) Reconciling family members / resolving conflicts
Vi
(viii) Identifying the debtors /creditors
rs
pe

(ix) Identifying the burial site / giving instruction’s regarding the funeral.
pa

7 x 1 = 7 marks
st
Pa

(b) Traditional African understanding of spirits.

SE
KC

(i) Spirits are invisible / do not have a physical form

ee
Fr

(ii) Spirits are more powerful than human beings

(iii) they are believed to be residing in caves / rivers / trees/ rocks
re
Mo

(iv) Spirits can acquire physical form / appear to human beings in form of birds / animals
r

(v) Spirits have the ability to enter human beings / and through them to convey
Fo

messages / reveal certain truths

(vi) Spirits act as mediators between God and human beings
(vii) Spirits change according to the circumstances / they can bring either harm / good to people.
5 x 1 = 5 marks

(c) The responsibility of the living towards ancestors in traditional African community:

(i) Naming children after them

(ii) Pouring libation for them
(iii) Taking care of their graveyards
(iv) Making sacrifices to honour them
(v) Consulting / communicating to them in times of need
(vi) Inviting / involving them in ceremonies
(vii) Invoking their names during prayers
(viii) Transmitting their wishes / visions
(ix) By holding commemoration ceremonies for them
(x) Managing their property wisely.
(xi) Building shrines for them.
(xii) Teaching children about them.
8 x 1 = 8 marks

63
479
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www.manyamfranchise.com 0728450425
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2016
QUESTIONS

1. (a) Name eight historical books in the Old Testament. (8 mks)

(b) Outline the reasons why the Bible is referred to as a Library. (7 mks)
(c) Give five occasions when Christians use the Bible. (5 mks)

2. (a) Narrate Abraham's attempt to sacrifice his son Isaac. (Genesis 22:1-19) (6 mks)
(b) What are the differences between the Jewish and Traditional African
practices of circumcision? (8 mks)
(c) Give six ways through which Christians portray themselves in society today. (6 mks)

3. (a) Explain six ways used by King David to promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel. (12 mks)
(b) Discuss four life skills used by prophet Elijah to fight against false religion in
Israel. (8 mks)

4. (a) Describe three groups of true prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mks)
(b) Give six similarities between the Traditional African prophets and the true
prophets in the Old Testament. (6 mks)
(c) Identify eight problems experienced by church leaders in their work. (8 mks)

5. (a) Describe the meaning of the symbolic act of buying land by the Prophet Jeremiah. (8 mks)
(b) Explain the challenges faced by the Prophet Jeremiah during his ministry. (7 mks)
(c) Give five ways through which Christians settle disagreements among themselves. (5 mks)

6. (a) Explain the significance of rituals conducted during the naming ceremonies in
Traditional African Communities. (10 mks)
(b) Which moral values were acquired during marriage in Traditional African
Communities (5 mks)
(c) Give reasons why Traditional African Communities feared death (5 mks)

70 32
WhatsApp Sir Obiero Amos @0706851439 for more Resources
 2016 C.R.E.
PAPER 1
1.(a)Name eight historical books in the Old Testament.(8 marks)
 Joshua
 Judges
 Ruth
 First Samuel
 Second Samuel
 First Kings
 Second Kings
 First Chronicles
 Second Chronicles
 Ezra
 Nehemiah
 Esther

(b)Outline the reasons why the Bible is referred to as a Library.7 marks)

 It contains many books.
 The books were written by different authors
 It has different categories of books/divisions
 The books are written in different styles/forms
 The books in the Bible were written at different times/situations/backgrounds
 The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purposes
 The books were written for different audiences/readers
 The books are systematically arranged /order/chronologically

(c)Give five occasions when Christians use the Bible. (5 marks)

 When preaching the word of God (crusade/church sermons)
 When in court
 When instructing new converts/conducting Bible study
 During different Christian religious ceremonies/festivals
 When teaching Christian Religious Education
 When composing Gospel songs/plays/Christian literature
 During fellowships/prayers/guidance and counselling
 During a swearing in ceremony

2.(a)Narrate Abraham's attempt to sacrifice his son Isaac.(Genesis 22:1-

19)6mks)
 God told Abraham to take his only son to the land of Moriah/offer him as a
sacrifice,
 Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for burnt offering,
 They arrived at the place after a three day's journey,
 Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and Isaac went up
to worship.
 He took Isaac, the firewood and the knife and went up.
 Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering would come from,
 Abraham told Isaac’ that God would provide the lamb for a burnt offering.
When they arrived at the place God had commanded, Abraham build an altar.
He bound Isaac, laid him on the altar upon the wood
Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of the Lord stopped him.
Abraham saw a ram, which he offered instead of his son.

71
  He called the name of the place. The Lord will provide.
 The, angel appeared to Abraham a second time and gave him promises
because of his obedience.
 Abraham returned with his men to Beersheba.

(b)What are the differences between the Jewish and Traditional African
practicesof circumcision? (8 marks)
 In the Jewish community circumcision is for the male children only whereas
in African practices, it is for both male and female.
 Among the Jews, circumcision is performed on babies of 8 days old:
whereas in traditional African communities, it is done during adolescence
stage.
 In African communities, it is a test of courage, whereas in Jewish
community, it is a sign of covenant with God/sign of faith,
 Circumcision in African communities is a communal practice whereas among
the Jews, only members of the immediate family participate.
 In Traditional African communities, initiates takes up responsibilities while
among the Jews, the initiates are too young to shoulder any responsibility.
 In traditional African communities circumcision is carried out during specific
seasons while among the Jews, it is continuous.
(c)Give six ways through which Christians portray themselves in society
today. (6 marks)

3. (a) Explain six ways used by King David to promote the worship of
Yahweh in Israel.(12 marks)
 He brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem.
 He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land
came for important religious occasions.
 He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.
 He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.
 He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its
construction.
 When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.
 He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do
 He entered into a covenant with God.
 He build altars / offered sacrifices

(b) Discuss four life skills used by prophet Elijah to fight against false
religion in Israel.(8 marks)
 Assertiveness - He told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
 Creative thinking - He requested for a contest between the prophets of
Baal and himself.
 Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetesses of baal.
 Self esteem - He was convinced that God was on his side.
 Negotiation - Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and
Baal.
 Conflict resolution - Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that
Yahweh was the true God.
 Effective communication - He explained to the people how the contest
was to be carried out.
 Self awareness - He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he
had confidence in himself.

72
4. (a) Describe three groups of true prophets in the Old Testament.
(6 marks)'?
 Major prophets-their messages/ books / are elaborate
 Minor prophets- they have short / brief messages
 Canonical prophets- they are prophets whose utterances are recorded in
books that bear their names
 Non- Canonical prophets – they are prophets whose oracles / messages
have been compiled by other authors
 Cultic/ early prophets- they are prophets whose duties were associated
with places of worship
 Early prophets were sent by God for specific tasks e.g. Moses

(b) Give six similarities between the Traditional African prophets and the
true prophets in the Old Testament.(6 marks)
 Both predicted future events/ disasters
 Both acted as mediators between God and the people
 Both had supernatural powers to exercise their duties
 Both had a personal relationship with God/ received revelations through
visions/ dreams
 They were religious leaders who could offer sacrifices/ prayers
 Both played an advisory role to the political leaders/ acted as the
conscience of the leaders
 Both urged their people to be morally upright / condemned evil in society
 They led exemplary lives / were role models
 In both cases there were prophets and prophetesses

(c) Identify eight problems experienced by church leaders in their work.

(8 marks)
 Church leaders are rejected/ persecuted
 They have rivalry among themselves / inferiority /superiority complex
 They experienced discrimination based on nepotism / tribalism/ gender
status
 There is hypocrisy among church members / religious syncretism
 Inadequate finance / materials for their work/ poverty
 They encounter temptations in their duties
 They encounter language barriers while spreading the word of God
barriers
 There is conflicting interpretation of the Bible
 There is political interference in their work
 They are faced with competition from false prophets/ cults
 Permissiveness in society hinders their work
 Poor infrastructure makes it difficult for them to access some areas
 Insecurity / hostility

73
5. (a) Describe the meaning of the symbolic act of buying land by the
Prophet Jeremiah. (8 marks)
 It showed the people of Judah still had a future despite the coming
crisis/Judah will regain freedom after conquest.
 It was assurances that the people would be restored back to their
homeland/reclaim their land.
 It demonstrated that the people would resume their normal lives/construct
homes/cultivate land/own property.
 Divine judgment was not an end in itself.
 Restoration was to take place at God’s own time/God was to determine when
the people would be restored back.(Time).
 The people had to wait patiently for their return from exile.
 It showed that God was loving/faithful/was to keep his promise of
restoration/bring them back to their ancestral land.
 It made them feel secure/they were not to lack anything

(b)Explain the challenges faced by the Prophet Jeremiah during his

ministry.(7 marks)
 He was rejected by his own family/relatives.
 People made false accusations against him.
 He was threatened with death because of speaking for God.
 He lived a lonely solitary life/was commanded to neither marry nor attend
any social gathering.
 His message was rejected by the Israelites.
 He went through spiritual struggle as he saw the evil prosper while the
righteous suffered.
 He was physically assaulted/ beaten.
 The enemies attempted to kill him/He was put in a muddy cistern.
 He was humiliated in public/mocked.
 He was imprisoned/ jailed.
 He was arrested and put on trial.

(c)Give five ways through which Christians settle disagreements among

themselves.(5 marks)
 They pray over the issue/problem
 They offer guidance and counseling to the affected
 Paying visits/talking to the offender/fellowship
 By involving church leaders as arbitrators.
 Forgiving the one who has wronged the other/asking for forgiveness
 Willingness by the offender to accept the mistakes made/accepting
liability.
 Withdrawing some privileges for a period of time so that one can reform
 By sharing meals /eating together
 Through shaking of hands/accepting a greeting.

74
6. (a) Explain the significance of rituals conducted during the naming
ceremonies in Traditional African Communities. (10 marks)
 Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
 Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status
 Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/
incorporation into the wider society/ honour to the ancestors
 Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
 Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/
shared responsibility by the extended family
 Saying prayers/ words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long
life
 Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
 Feasting is a sign of joy/ socialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
 Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign o f good will/ ownership of
property
 Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother

(b)Which moral values were acquired during marriage in Traditional African

Communities?(5 marks)
 Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience
 Respect/ courtesy
 Responsibility/ hard work
 Hospitality/ kindness
 Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance/ patience
 Love
 Co-operation/ unity
 Humility
 Honesty
 Integrity
 Courage

(c ) Give reasons why Traditional African Communities feared death.

 It disrupts the rhythm of human life/ activity
 It is irrevocable/ inescapable
 It brings impurity to the family
 It deprives the community of the individuals
 It involves too many rituals
 It comes unannounced
 It separates one from the loved ones/ marks the end of life on earth
 Nobody knows about the life after death
 It may cause misunderstanding in the community
 Death rites reveal people’s characteristics
 It brings poverty to the family involved

75
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 THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS cOUNCIL
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

313/1 CHRISTIAN Paper 1

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Apr. 2021 - 2% hours

Name IndexNumber
Candidate's Signature . . Date

Instructions to Candidates

(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) This paper consists of six questions.
(d Answer any five questions in the spaces provided at the end of question 6.
(e) Each question carries 20 marks.
(f) This paper consists of 16 printed pages.
Download Notes & More Free Revision Materials at https://teacher.co.ke/notes

(g) Do not remove any pages from this booklet.

(h) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
(i) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner's Use Only

Candidate's
Question Total Score

Candidate's Score

109
2020 The Kenya National Examinations Council
313/1
910111 Turn over
 2

lestanment rererred to as books of minor prophets.

List sir books of the
Bible in the Old
1. (a) (6 marks)

of the translation of the Bible into African languages. (8 marks)

(b) Outline the effects

Christians in Kenya use the Bible to spread the Good news.

(c) Give six ways in which
(6 marks)

State the activities carried

out by the Israelites on the night of the Passover. (6 marks)
(a)
State sir ways through which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God. (6 marks)
(b
find it difficult to worship God. (8 marks)
(c) Explain why some people in Kenya

Describe the incident in which King Ahab took Naboth's vineyard. (1 Kings 21: 1-16)
3. (a) (8 marks)

(b) Outline sir forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel after
taking Naboth's vineyard. (6 marks)
Download Notes & More Free Revision Materials at https://teacher.co.ke/notes

State sir lessons Christians learn from the ministry of Prophet Elijah. (6 marks)
(c)

disobeyed God during the time of Prophet

(a) Identify seven ways in which the Israelites
(7 marks)
Amos.

Israel's election. (6 marks)

(b) Outline the teaching of Prophet Amos on

Give ways in which the church is promoting social justice in Kenya today (7 marks)
(c)

5. (a) Describe the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem under the leadership of Nehemiah.
(Nehemiah 12: 27-47) (7 marks)

Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah. (6 marks)

(b) Give reasons why

(c) ldentify seven ways in which the Government of Kenya supports the Church in its
work. (7 marks)

6. (a) State the role of elders in traditional African communities. (7 marks)

Outline the requiremenis that one has to fulfil to be made an elder in traditional African
(b)
(6 marks)
communities.

(c)
110
ldcntily seven lactors that are undermining the role of elders in Kenya today. (7 marks)

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2020

910111 313/1
 1

KCSE 2020 CRE PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME

1.a) List six books of the Bible in the Old Testament referred to as books of minor prophets.
(6 marks)
I. Hosea
II. Joel
III. Obadiah
IV. Jonah
V. Micah
VI. Nahum
VII. Habakkuk
VIII. Zephaniah
IX. Haggai
X. Zechariah
XI. Malachi
6x1=6 marks

b) Outline the effects of the translation of the Bible into African languages. (8 marks)
I. The scriptures have been written in languages that African can understand.
II. It has enabled further spread of Christianity/has led to more converts.
III. It has led to rise of African Independent Churches/schools.
IV. It has led to the development of reading/writing/formal education/literacy.
V. It led to the establishment of printing press to meet more demands of the Bible/(publishers).
VI. It led to the establishment of Bible societies to translate the Bible into more local languages.
VII. It has led research into African religious heritage.
VIII. It has created jobs/employment in the printing firms/publishing firms.
IX. It led to Africans identifying with Christianity.
X. It led to development of African/local languages.
XI. It has promoted ecumenical movement among Christians.
XII. It made Africans to demand for/assume leadership roles in the church.
XIII. It has led to divisions in the church due to different interpretation of the scriptures
4x2= 8 marks

c) Give six ways in which Christians in Kenya use the Bible to spread the Good News. (6 marks).
I. Christians read the Bible to others so that they can hear the word of God/church
sermons/wedding/burial ceremonies.
II. They use the Bible to instruct/teach new converts.
III. The Bible is used as main text in teaching/learning Christian Religious Education in
Institutions.
IV. They use the Bible as a basic reference book in general search of knowledge/development of
Christian Religious syllabus.
V. Christians use the Bible to compose Christian songs/hymns/drama/films.
VI. They used the Bible when writing Christian books/magazines/pamphlets/banners.
VII. It is used during discussions/Bible study/fellowship.
VIII. Prayers/faith healing.
IX. It is used for guidance and counselling.
X. Through use of electronic media/science and technology.
XI. Distributing Bibles/Christian literature.

111
Courtesy of Okubasu Adams Moi Forces Lanet-0734232715/0710427473 “Education then, beyond
all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel
of the social machinery.”-Horace man
 2

6x1=6 marks
2. a). State the activities carried out by the Israelites on the night of the Passover. (6 marks).
I. The Israelites slaughtered the animals/goats/sheep.
II. They smeared blood on their door post/frames.
III. They roasted the animals whole.
IV. They ate unleavened bread/bitter herbs/roasted meat.
V. They ate while standing/in a hurry.
VI. They dressed/packed their belongings.
VII. They burnt the leftovers.
VIII. They remained in their houses/indoors.
IX. They chose a lamb-one year old without blemish.
X. They borrowed jewelry from the Egyptians.
6x1=6 marks
b). State six ways through which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God. (6 marks).
I. He obeyed God’s call/left his homeland to unknown land.
II. He agreed to enter into a covenant relationship with God.
III. Abraham was willing to sacrifice his only son/Isaac.
IV. He accepted to be circumcised together with his household.
V. Abraham built altars for God at Shechem and |Bethel.
VI. He agreed to change his name and that of his wife.
VII. Abraham believed in the promises given to him by God.
VIII. He abandoned the worship of idols/started worshipping the true God.
IX. He offered animals birds for sacrifice.
6x1= 6 marks
c). Explain why some people in Kenya find it difficult to worship God. (8marks)
I. Some people have a lot of wealth/affluence/power/pride,therefore they see no need of
worshipping God.
II. Other people live in abject poverty hence they lose hope in God.
III. Some people are discouraged by bad examples set by some members/leaders/poor role
models.
IV. Influence by modern technology whereby some people spend more time on their
phones/computer hence have no time to worship God/science/technology providing
solutions to many problems.
V. Constant conflicts in some churches/leadership wrangles people from worshipping God.
VI. Some people have no faith in God/spiritual matters therefore they cannot worship God/no
knowledge of God.
VII. Some people give up on worshipping God when their needs are not met/prayers are not
answered.
VIII. Some people do not worship God because they believe in other forces/powers of
darkness/witchcraft/devil worship.
IX. Some people fear to be ridiculed/mocked by their friends/peers hence fail to worship God.
X. Ethnic differences/discrimination.
XI. Hostility/insecurity/sickness.
XII. Job commitment/busy schedules.
XIII. Permissiveness in the society.
4x2= 8 marks

112
Courtesy of Okubasu Adams Moi Forces Lanet-0734232715/0710427473 “Education then, beyond
all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel
of the social machinery.”-Horace man
 3

3.a) Describe the incident in which King Ahab took Naboth’s vineyard. (1 Kings 21:1-16). (8 marks)
I. Naboth had a vineyard in Jezreel, beside the palace of King Ahab.
II. King Ahab asked Naboth to give him the vineyard/sell it to him for a vegetable garden.
III. Naboth refused to sell it to king Ahab because it was an inheritance from his fore fathers.
IV. King Ahab went home dejected/sad/disappointed/refused to eat.
V. His wife Jezebel asked why he was sad.
VI. When Ahab explained what Naboth had told him, Jezebel asked him whether he was the
king or not/said she would give Ahab the vineyard of Naboth.
VII. Jezebel wrote letters to the elders of the city instructing them to accuse Naboth of
blasphemy/treason.
VIII. The elders organized for Naboth to be punished/killed.
IX. When Jezebel heard about the death of Naboth, she told king Ahab to go and take
possession of the vineyard.
X. King Ahab went to possess the vineyard.
8x1= 8 marks

b) Outline six forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel after taking
Naboth’s vineyard. (6 marks).
I. The death of King Ahab would be in the same place where Naboth was
stoned/killed.
II. God would bring evil upon King Ahab.
III. God would take away prosperity of Ahab/his rule would come to an end.
IV. Dogs would lick the blood of Ahab where Naboth blood was licked.
V. All the male children/slaves would be cut off.
VI. Dogs would eat anybody form Ahab ‘house who would die in the fields.
VII. Birds would eat the body of Jezebel/Jezebel will die within the grounds of
c) State six lesson Christians learn from the ministry of Prophet Elijah. (6 marks).
I. Christians should worship the true God only.
II. Christians should courageously condemn all forms of corruption/evil, in society.
III. Christians should be loyal/obedient to God/faithful.
IV. Christians should be willing to carry out God’s work despite the challenges they may
face/endure persecutions.
V. Christians should lead holy/righteous lives to avoid God’s punishment.
VI. Christians should be prayerful.
VII. Christians should fight for the poor/weak to avoid any form of oppression/promote justice in
the society.
VIII. Christians should trust/have faith in God.
6x1= 6 marks

113
Courtesy of Okubasu Adams Moi Forces Lanet-0734232715/0710427473 “Education then, beyond
all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel
of the social machinery.”-Horace man
 4

4. a) Identify seven ways in which the Israelites disobeyed God during the time of Prophet Amos.
(7 marks).
I. The Israelites practiced idolatry/hypocritical religion.
II. There was murder.
III. The rich oppressed the poor/sold them as slaves.
IV. There was sexual immorality/temple prostitution.
V. There was cheating in business/use of false scales.
VI. The rich were selfish/greedy/lived in excessive luxury.
VII. There was drunkenness in Israel/forcing the Nazarites to drink wine.
VIII. There was bribery/injustice in courts of law.
IX. There was robbery/violence.
7x1= 7 marks
b). Outline the teaching of Prophet Amos on Israel’s election. (6 marks)
I. Israel’s election was out of God’s initiative.
II. The election made them a holy nation/God’s chosen nation.
III. Israel was given a special responsibility by God to serve him.
IV. Failure to meet the responsibility to God would attract God’s punishment.
V. God could choose any other nation if Israel failed to serve Him.
VI. The Israelites were delivered from bondage in Egypt by God because of the election.
VII. God raised priests/prophets I gave them laws to guide them in the covenant way of life.
VIII. God gave them land to possess.
IX. He led them in the wilderness.
6x1= 6 marks
c). Give ways in which the church is promoting social justice in Kenya today. (7 marks).
I. By educating the public on social justice/providing civic education/holding
seminars/workshops.
II. By respecting/obeying the laws of the country as laid down by the government.
III. By helping the needy in the society.
IV. By preaching on social justice.
V. The church guides and counsels victims of social injustice.
VI. The church condemns injustice in the society.
VII. The church prays for people (leaders to practice social justice.
VIII. The church advocates for equal distribution of resources/fights for the rights of the
less privileged in the society.
IX. Members of the church lead exemplary lives by being just/fair.
X. The church punishes its errant members.
XI. The church reports those who commit social injustices to the relevant
authorities/expose culprits.
XII. Creation of job opportunities/economic empowerment.
7x1=7 marks

114
Courtesy of Okubasu Adams Moi Forces Lanet-0734232715/0710427473 “Education then, beyond
all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel
of the social machinery.”-Horace man
 5

5. a) Describe the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem under the leadership of Nehemiah
(Nehemiah 12: 27-47). 7 marks
I. Nehemiah summoned the Levites/priests/political leaders to come to Jerusalem to give
thanks to God.
II. The sons of the singers gathered around Jerusalem/they sang/praised using musical
instruments.
III. The Levites/priests purified themselves.
IV. The gates/wall were purified.
V. Nehemiah brought the prince of Judah.
VI. Nehemiah appointed two groups which went in two processions.
VII. One group led by Ezra went to the right while the other group led by Nehemiah went to the
left/they then converged in the house of God.
VIII. The people led by the priests offered sacrifices of dedication to God.
IX. Women/children rejoiced/was a moment of great joy.
X. Nehemiah then chose people who would ensure that the contributions/tithes/offerings
were handled well.
XI. A service of purification was performed.
7x1=7 marks
b). Give reasons why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah. (6 marks)
I. To preserve the identity of the Jews as the people of God.
II. To separate the Jews from foreign influence (idolatry).
III. To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner.
IV. To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests/singers of the temple.
V. To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the upkeep of the temple.
VI. To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities/kept holy.
VII. He wanted the Israelites to remain faithful to the covenant way of life.
VIII. He wanted to uphold the Hebrew language of the covenant people which had been
neglected due to intermarriages.
IX. To restore true worship of God.
6x1=6 marks
c). Identify seven ways in which the Government of Kenya supports the church in its work. (7
marks).
I. The government has allowed freedom of worship/given permission to churches to operate
electronic media stations.
II. By allowing Christian Religious Education to be taught in schools/colleges.
III. The government recognizes the church calendar/holy days.
IV. By setting aside land for construction of churches.
V. The government gives financial/material support to churches for development/carry out
their charitable services.
VI. By employing some church leaders as Chaplains in various government institutions.
VII. The government supports church sponsored institutions.
VIII. By availing facilities for the church to hold their activities/provides security.
IX. By involving church leaders in national prayer days/national holidays.
X. Through the development of the infrastructure which makes the spread of the
gospel/evangelism easy.

115
Courtesy of Okubasu Adams Moi Forces Lanet-0734232715/0710427473 “Education then, beyond
all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel
of the social machinery.”-Horace man
 6

7x1= 7 marks

6 a) State the role of elders in traditional African communities. (7 marks).

I. Elders are custodians of traditions/customs/teach the history of the community.
II. They make laws in the community.
III. They settle disputes in the community.
IV. They fix dates for community rituals/ceremonies.
V. Elders preside over the distribution of property/inheritance.
VI. They negotiate for peace with other communities.
VII. They advise members of the community on the steps to take during times of
difficulties/calamities.
VIII. They are in charge/preside over community rituals/ceremonies.
IX. They teach the youths on their responsibilities/duties in the community.
X. They reprimand/punish the wrongdoers/law offenders/law breakers.
XI. Act as spokesmen of their communities.
XII. They are mediators between God/Spirits/ancestors
7x1=7 marks
b) Outline the requirements that one has to fulfil to be made an elder in traditional African
communities. (6 marks).
I. Having the right/specific age.
II. Should be knowledgeable on matters of the community/wise.
III. Should be sane/of sound mind/good health.
IV. One should be of good conduct/character.
V. Should have undergone the rites of initiation.
VI. One should have the ability to provide for others/wealthy.
VII. Should be a bonafide member of the community.
VIII. By undergoing the rituals to become an elder.
IX. Should be married.
X. Should have children.
6x1= 6 marks
c). Identify seven factors that are undermining the role of elders in Kenya today. (7 marks).
I. Most judicial duties have been taken over by the courts.
II. Christianity/modern religion have established their own leadership styles/systems.
III. Western education when the learned no longer value the elders.
IV. Urbanization/migration has made people to move away from their communities.
V. Western culture/way of life which promotes individualism.
VI. Intermarriages/intermingling has weakened the value of elders.
VII. The laws are made in parliament/constitution of Kenya is applied.
VIII. Influence from modern technology where people rely on it for information.
IX. Wealth is taken as a symbol of status regardless of one’s age.
X. Permissiveness/moral decadence.
7x1=7 marks

116
Courtesy of Okubasu Adams Moi Forces Lanet-0734232715/0710427473 “Education then, beyond
all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel
of the social machinery.”-Horace man
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