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Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 1 Set MCQ

Sets in Maths
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407 views16 pages

Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 1 Set MCQ

Sets in Maths
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Sets Quick Revision A well-defined collection of objects, is called a set Sets are denoted by capital letters 4, B, C, X, Y,Z etc. and elements of a set are denoted by 4,8, 6, &, 9, Zee. Ifa is an element of set, then we say that a belongs to 4, The phrase ‘belongs to’ denoted by the Greek symbol ¢ (epsilon). Thus, we write and written as a A and b does not belongs to set is written as 5 ¢ A. Representation of Sets ‘There are two ways of representing a set (i) Roster form or Tabular form or Listing method In the roster form, we list all the elements ofthe set within curly braces {} and separate them by commas. (ii) Set-builder form or Rule method In the set-builder form, we ist the property or properties satisfied by all the elements of the sets. Types of Sets (i) Empty set A set which does not contain any element is called an empty set or the void set or the mull set and it is denoted by {} or 0. (ii) Singleton set_A set consisting of a single element, is called a singleton set. (ii) Finite and infinite sets A set which is empty or consists of a finite number of elements is called a finite set, otherwise, the set is called an infinite set (iv) Equivalent sets Two finite sets A and B are said to be equal, if they have equal number of elements, icc. n(A) = n (B). (v) Equal sets Two sets A and B are said to be ‘equal, if they have exactly the same elements and we write 4 = B. Otherwise, the sets are said to be unequal and we write A+ B. Subset A set Ais said to be a subset of a set B, if every element of A is also an element of B. In symbols, wwe can write ACB,ifxeA>xeB Also, if Ac B and 4 # B, then Ais called a proper subset of B and Bis called superset of A. Note (i) Bvery set is a subset of itself (ii) The empty set is a subset of every sets. (ii) The total number of subsets of a finite set containing n elements is 2". Subsets of the Set of Real Numbers We know that, every real number is either a rational or an irrational number and the set of real numbers is denoted by R There are many important subsets of set of real numbers which are given below (i) Natural numbers The numbers being used in counting as 1, 2,3, 4,.. called natural numbers. ‘The set of natural numbers is denoted by N. Thus, = N={1,2,3,4,.) (i) Whole numbers The natural numbers along with number 0 (zero) form the set of whole numbers ie. 0, 1,2, 3, «. are whole numbers. The set of whole numbers is denoted by W. Thus, W=(0,1,2.3,. (i) Integers The natural numbers, their negatives and zero make the set of integers and its denoted by Z. Z = (4-5-4, 3-2 -HO42 34} (iv) Rational numbers A number of the form ’, 7 where pand gboth are integers and q #0 (division by Os not permissible, is called 4 rational number. ‘The set of rational numbers is generally denoted by Q Thus,Q = |4 ¢ (0) Irrational numbers A number which cannot bbe writen in the form p/, where p and g both ae integers and g #0, i called an irrational number sez andg} The set of irrational numbers is denoted by T. Thus, T = (x: xe Randx €Q) Diagrammatical Representation All the subsets can be represented diagrammatically as given below Integers geal DUMbe, Rational number Whole Irational number number Natural number Intervals as Subsets of R Let a and b be two given real numbers such that E) = Hf U = 75425425 25 Hence, the number of students in the group is 195. 34, Given, n(F) = 50, n(C) =30 and n{PaC)=15 ‘The number of students who participated for either football or for cricket is 65. Fc U Q 35. Assertion ‘The collection of all natural ‘umbers less than 100’, is a well-defined collection. So, it isa set. Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. 56, Assertion We can write 60 =2x2x3x5 Prime factors of 60 are 2, 3 and 5 Hence, the set D in roster form is (2, 3,5}. Reason There are 12 leters in the word “TRIGONOMETRY” out of which three letters T, R and O are repeated. Hence, set Fin the roster form is {T,R,1,G,0,N,M,E, Y} Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true. 37. Assertion We sce that each member in the «given set is the square of a natural number. Hence, the given set in set-builder form is {x:x =n, where nN and 1 @=12,6=10, ¢=5d=8, e=15 f =10 and g=20 (i) Number of students who did not take any dink =100-(a+beerdset f +g) =100 (12 +10 + 5+8 +15+10-+ 20) {a Number of students who prefer Milk =atb+ f +e=12+10410+15=47 (ii) Number of students who prefer Coffee Hb+et f+ g=1045+10+20= (iv) Number of students who prefer Tea dte4 f + g=8+15+10+20=53 (v) Number of students who prefer Milk and Coffee but not Tea is bie. 10. Let M denotes set of student who reading mathematics books, P denotes who reading Physics books and € denotes who reading chemistry books. We have, n{U) = 25, nM) =15,(P) =12, 40) =11 HM OC) =3M OP) =9, POC) =4, MO POC) =3 (i) The number of students who reading only Chemistry is 5. (i) The number of students who reading only Mathematics is 4 (ii) The number of students who reading only one of the subject is 4+5+ 2i.e. Il (iv) The number of students who reading atleast cone of the subject is 4+6+ 342+ 5+1+2 ive 23, (v) The number of students who reading none of the subject is 25~23i.. 2 53. Let M, § and P be the sets of students wo offered Mathematies, Statistics and Physics respectively. Let x be the number of students ‘who offered all the three subjects, then the number of members in different regions are shown in the following diagram. From the Venn diagram, we get, the number of students who offered Physics. 40-2) ++ (20-2) + > 68 (i) The number of students who offered all the three subjects are 3 (ii) The number of students who offered Mathematics 5+ (10—x) + x+ (40-2) [given] 3 fe x=3] (ii) The number of students who offered Statisties 2+(10—x) + 2+(20-x) (iv) 10-x {v) The number of students who offered ‘anyone of the three subjects =15+1248+ (10-2) +(40-x} +(20-a)+ x (05-28 05-23 =99 fe x=3] The number of students who did not offer ‘anyone of the three subjects = 100-9: 54, Consider the following Venn diagram Where, 4 = Number of students who participated in dance only +b = Number of students who participated in dance and drama only ¢=Number of students who participated in drama only = Number of students who participated in singing only ‘¢=Number of students who participated in dance and singing only f =Number of students who participated {nll three events dance, drama and singing jumber of students who participated in drama and singing only and ¢= ‘Then, we have dalderf =12¢=15,f =15 (i) The number of students who participated indance=a+b+e+f 8410415415 48 {ii) The number of students who participated in drama=6+e+f +¢ 51045415 +5 =35 (ii) The number of students who participated tet feg (iv) The number of students who participated in dance and drama but not in singing = 6 =10 (v) The number of students who did not participats in any of the events =100-(a+b+erdterf tg) 00 (8+ 104+ 541241541545) =100 -(70) = 30 5B. Let G, F and $ be the sets of employees who offered ground floor, first floor and second floor respectively. Let x be the number of employees who offered all three floors, then the number of members in different regions are shown in the following diagram. uw FE (s\ S& (i) From the Venn diagram, we get the number of employees who offered second floor 30 ~ x) + x+ (25 — x) +10 =60 [given] = 65-x=60 3 s5 (ii) The number of employees who offered ground floor =10+ (15) + + (30-2) Gi) The mmber of employees who feed fist 5+ (15 — x} + x + (25 - x) liv) The number of employees who offered ‘ground and first floor but not second floor 15-x 15-5 =10 (¥) The number of employees who offer anyone of the three floors, =10 +15 +10 + (15x) + (25-2) +(30-a) + =105- 2x 105-25 95 The number of employees who did not offer any of the three floors =100 -95 =5

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