GNS 108 SUMMARY BY HAY WHY OH

Salutations in French

Here are some common salutations in French and their meanings:

• Bonjour: Good morning / Hello

It is a general greeting used throughout the day, but primarily in the morning.

• Bonsoir: Good evening

It is used as a greeting when meeting someone in the evening or late afternoon.

• Bonne nuit: Goodnight

It is used when saying goodbye to someone before they go to bed or when leaving a gathering at
night.

• Salut: Hi / Bye

It is an informal and versatile greeting used both for saying hello and goodbye.

• Bonne journée: Have a nice day

It is a way to wish someone a pleasant day ahead.

• Au revoir: Goodbye

It is a formal way of saying goodbye when leaving someone or ending a conversation.

• Bienvenue: Welcome

It is used to greet and make someone feel welcome upon their arrival.

• Bon appétit: Enjoy your meal

It is a phrase used to wish someone a good meal before they eat.

• Joyeux anniversaire: Happy Birthday

 It is used to convey birthday wishes to someone.

• Enchanté(e): Nice to meet you

It is a polite expression to convey pleasure when meeting someone for the first time.

• Félicitations: Congratulations
• Bonne journée: Have a nice day
• À tout à l'heure: See you later
• Comment ça va?: How are you?
• "même à vous": Same to you
• "Venez manger": come and eat

Days of The Week

• Monday: Lundi
• Tuesday: Mardi
• Wednesday: Mercredi
• Thursday: Jeudi
• Friday: Vendredi
• Saturday: Samedi
• Sunday: Dimanche

Months of the year

• Janvier (January)
• Février (February)
• Mars (March)
• Avril (April)
• Mai (May)
• Juin (June)
• Juillet (July)
• Août (August)
• Septembre (September)
 • Octobre (October)
• Novembre (November)
• Décembre (December)

Friends and relatives in French

• Father: père
• Mother: mère
• Son: fils
• Daughter: fille
• Brother: frère
• Sister: sœur
• Husband: mari
• Wife: femme
• Uncle: oncle
• Aunt: tante
• Cousin: cousin/cousine
• Grandfather: grand-père
• Grandmother: grand-mère
• Grandson: petit-fils
• Granddaughter: petite-fille
• Nephew: neveu
• Niece: nièce
• Male friend: mon ami
• Female friend: mon amie

Parts of the Body

1. La tête - head

2. Les cheveux - hair

3. Les yeux - eyes

4. Les oreilles - ears

5. Le nez - nose

6. La bouche - mouth

7. Les dents - teeth

8. Le cou - neck

9. Les épaules - shoulders

10. Les bras - arms

11. Les mains - hands

12. Les doigts - fingers

13. La poitrine - chest

14. Le dos - back

15. Le ventre - stomach

16. Les jambes - legs

17. Les genoux - knees

18. Les pieds - feet

19. Les orteils - toes

20. La peau - skin

Weather Conditions

• Il fait beau – the weather is nice, ok

• Il fait chaud – it’s hot.
• Il pleut – it’s raining.
• Il fait froid – it’s cold.
• Il fait mauvais temps – the weather is bad
• Il fait du soliel – it’s sunny.
• Il fait (très) chaud – it’s very hot
 • Il fait (très) sèche - it’s very dry
• Il fait très lourd – it’s cloudy
• Il fait le brouillard – there is fog
• Il fait un temps d’hiver – it’s winter, it’s wintry weather
• La neige tombe – snow is falling

Colors

1. Rouge - Red

2. Orange - Orange

3. Jaune - Yellow

4. Vert - Green

5. Bleu - Blue

6. Violet - Purple

7. Rose - Pink

8. Marron - Brown

9. Gris - Gray

10. Noir - Black

11. Blanc - White

12. Beige - Beige

Numbers in French (1 to 100)

1. un

2. deux

3. trois

4. quatre

5. cinq
6. six

7. sept

8. huit

9. neuf

10. dix

11. onze

12. douze

13. treize

14. quatorze

15. quinze

16. seize

17. dix-sept

18. dix-huit

19. dix-neuf

20. vingt

21. vingt et un

22. vingt-deux

23. vingt-trois

24. vingt-quatre

25. vingt-cinq

26. vingt-six

27. vingt-sept

28. vingt-huit
29. vingt-neuf

30. trente

31. trente et un

32. trente-deux

33. trente-trois

34. trente-quatre

35. trente-cinq

36. trente-six

37. trente-sept

38. trente-huit

39. trente-neuf

40. quarante

41. quarante et un

42. quarante-deux

43. quarante-trois

44. quarante-quatre

45. quarante-cinq

46. quarante-six

47. quarante-sept

48. quarante-huit

49. quarante-neuf

50. cinquante

51. cinquante et un
52. cinquante-deux

53. cinquante-trois

54. cinquante-quatre

55. cinquante-cinq

56. cinquante-six

57. cinquante-sept

58. cinquante-huit

59. cinquante-neuf

60. soixante

61. soixante et un

62. soixante-deux

63. soixante-trois

64. soixante-quatre

65. soixante-cinq

66. soixante-six

67. soixante-sept

68. soixante-huit

69. soixante-neuf

70. soixante-dix

71. soixante et onze

72. soixante-douze

73. soixante-treize

74. soixante-quatorze
75. soixante-quinze

76. soixante-seize

77. soixante-dix-sept

78. soixante-dix-huit

79. soixante-dix-neuf

80. quatre-vingts

81. quatre-vingt-un

82. quatre-vingt-deux

83. quatre-vingt-trois

84. quatre-vingt-quatre

85. quatre-vingt-cinq

86. quatre-vingt-six

87. quatre-vingt-sept

88. quatre-vingt-huit

89. quatre-vingt-neuf

90. quatre-vingt-dix

91. quatre-vingt-onze

92. quatre-vingt-douze

93. quatre-vingt-treize

94. quatre-vingt-quatorze

95. quatre-vingt-quinze

96. quatre-vingt-seize

97. quatre-vingt-dix-sept
98. quatre-vingt-dix-huit

99. quatre-vingt-dix-neuf

100. cent

Main verbs in French

In French, there are three main types of verbs: regular verbs, stem-changing verbs, and irregular
verbs. Below is a list of common main verbs in French, along with their infinitive form and
English translation:

➢ Regular verbs:
▪ Parler (to speak)
▪ Manger (to eat)
▪ Voyager (to travel)
▪ Étudier (to study)
▪ Travailler (to work)
▪ Chanter (to sing)
▪ Danser (to dance)
▪ Regarder (to watch)
▪ Écouter (to listen)
▪ Jouer (to play)
➢ Stem-changing verbs (verbs with an irregularity in their stems):
▪ Prendre (to take)
▪ Apprendre (to learn)
▪ Comprendre (to understand)
▪ Mettre (to put)
▪ Connaître (to know)
▪ Boire (to drink)
▪ Croire (to believe)
▪ Recevoir (to receive)
▪ Voir (to see)
▪ Devoir (to have to/must)
 ➢ Irregular verbs (verbs that have unique conjugation patterns):
▪ Être (to be)
▪ Avoir (to have)
▪ Faire (to do/make)
▪ Aller (to go)
▪ Venir (to come)
▪ Pouvoir (to be able to)
▪ Savoir (to know)
▪ Vouloir (to want)
▪ Dire (to say/tell)
▪ Conduire (to drive)

Questions and answers about main verbs in French

Question 1: Qu'est-ce que "parler" veut dire en anglais?

Answer: "Parler" means "to speak" in English.

Question 2: Comment conjugue-t-on le verbe "manger" au présent?

Answer: To conjugate the verb "manger" (to eat) in the present tense, you say:

▪ Je mange (I eat)
▪ Tu manges (You eat)
▪ Il/Elle/On mange (He/She/One eats)
▪ Nous mangeons (We eat)
▪ Vous mangez (You eat)
▪ Ils/Elles mangent (They eat)

Question 3: Quel est le verbe irrégulier pour "to be" en français?

Answer: Le verbe irrégulier pour "to be" en français est "être".

Question 4: Quelles sont les formes conjuguées du verbe "dire" au passé composé?

Answer: Les formes conjuguées du verbe "dire" (to say/tell) au passé composé sont:

▪ J'ai dit (I said/told)

 ▪ Tu as dit (You said/told)
▪ Il/Elle/On a dit (He/She/One said/told)
▪ Nous avons dit (We said/told)
▪ Vous avez dit (You said/told)
▪ Ils/Elles ont dit (They said/told)

Question 5: Comment conjugue-t-on le verbe "aller" au futur proche ?

Answer: To conjugate the verb "aller" (to go) in the near future tense, you say:

▪ Je vais aller (I am going to go)

▪ Tu vas aller (You are going to go)
▪ Il/Elle/On va aller (He/She/One is going to go)
▪ Nous allons aller (We are going to go)
▪ Vous allez aller (You are going to go)
▪ Ils/Elles vont aller (They are going to go)

Remember that verb conjugation in French depends on the subject of the sentence (je, tu,
il/elle/on, nous, vous, ils/elles) and the tense you are using (present, past, future, etc.).

Auxiliary verbs in French

In French, there are two auxiliary verbs: "être" (to be) and "avoir" (to have). These auxiliary
verbs are used to form compound tenses, such as the passé composé, plus-que-parfait, and the
futur antérieur. Here's how they are used:

➢ Être (to be):

▪ Je suis (I am)
▪ Tu es (You are)
▪ Il/elle/on est (He/she/one is)
▪ Nous sommes (We are)
▪ Vous êtes (You are)
▪ Ils/elles sont (They are)
"Être" is used as the auxiliary verb with certain intransitive verbs of motion (aller, venir, partir,
etc.), with reflexive verbs (se lever, se promener, etc.), and with a handful of other verbs like
naître (to be born), mourir (to die), and devenir (to become).

➢ Avoir (to have):

▪ J'ai (I have)
▪ Tu as (You have)
▪ Il/elle/on a (He/she/one has)
▪ Nous avons (We have)
▪ Vous avez (You have)
▪ Ils/elles ont (They have)

"Avoir" is the most common auxiliary verb and is used with most transitive verbs to form
compound tenses.

For example, to form the passé composé (one of the most commonly used compound tenses),
you conjugate the auxiliary verb (either "être" or "avoir") in the present tense and add the past
participle of the main verb:

▪ Je suis allé(e) à Paris. (I went to Paris.)

▪ J'ai mangé du gâteau. (I ate some cake.)

It's important to note that the choice between "être" and "avoir" as the auxiliary verb can depend
on the verb itself and whether it is transitive or intransitive. It's recommended to refer to verb
conjugation tables or consult a language resource to determine which auxiliary verb to use with a
particular verb.

Questions and answers about auxiliary verbs in French

Question 1: Quels sont les auxiliaires utilisés en français pour former les temps composés?

Answer: Les auxiliaires utilisés en français pour former les temps composés sont "avoir" (to
have) and "être" (to be).

Question 2: When do we use the auxiliary "avoir" in French?

Answer: We use the auxiliary "avoir" to conjugate the majority of verbs in the passé composé
(past tense) and other compound tenses.

Question 3: When do we use the auxiliary "être" in French?

Answer: We use the auxiliary "être" to conjugate certain intransitive verbs and verbs of
movement in the passé composé (past tense) and other compound tenses.

Question 4: How do we conjugate the auxiliary verb "avoir" in the present tense?

Answer: To conjugate the auxiliary verb "avoir" in the present tense, you say:

▪ J'ai (I have)
▪ Tu as (You have)
▪ Il/elle/on a (He/She/One has)
▪ Nous avons (We have)
▪ Vous avez (You have)
▪ Ils/elles ont (They have)

Question 5: How do we conjugate the auxiliary verb "être" in the past tense?

Answer: The auxiliary verb "être" (to be) is conjugated in the past tense as follows:

▪ Je suis (I am)
▪ Tu es (You are)
▪ Il/elle/on est (He/She/One is)
▪ Nous sommes (We are)
▪ Vous êtes (You are)
▪ Ils/elles sont (They are)

Question 6: What other compound tenses can be formed with the auxiliary verbs "avoir" and
"être"?

Answer: In addition to the passé composé (past tense), the auxiliary verbs "avoir" and "être" are
used to form compound tenses such as the plus-que-parfait (pluperfect), le passé antérieur (past
anterior), le futur antérieur (future perfect), etc.
 Objects in French

1. Chair - Chaise

2. Table - Table

3. Pen - Stylo

4. Book - Livre

5. Bed - Lit

6. Computer - Ordinateur

7. Phone - Téléphone

8. Car - Voiture

9. Cup - Tasse

10. Window - Fenêtre

11. Door - Porte

12. Television - Télévision

13. Kitchen - Cuisine

14. Spoon - Cuillère

15. Knife - Couteau

16. Fork - Fourchette

17. Clock - Horloge

18. Bag - Sac

19. Shoes - Chaussures

20. Wallet - Portefeuille

Benediximus vobis! Benediximus vobis!! Benediximus vobis!!!

COMPILED BY:

HAY WHY OH AND GODSPEED