Original Article / Özgün Araştırma

Assessment of mothers’ measures against home

accidents for 0–6-year-old children
Annelerin 0–6 yaş çocuklar için ev kazalarına karşı aldıkları önlemlerin değerlendirilmesi

Zehra Aslan Aydoğdu, Elif Ateş, Turan Set

Department of Family Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

Cite this article as: Aslan Aydogdu Z, Ateş E, Set T. Assessment of mothers’ measures against home accidents for 0–6-year-old children. Turk
Pediatri Ars 2019; 54(3): 149–56.

Abstract Öz
Aim: Home accidents are one of the important public health prob- Amaç: Kazalar ve yaralanmalar, önlenebilir olması nedeniyle özel-
lem, especially in childhood, because all can be avoided. We aimed likle çocukluk çağında dikkat edilip, önlem alınması gereken önem-
to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers with a li bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Çalışmamızda 0–6 yaş grubu çocuğu
child aged 0–6 years in terms of the safety measures they have taken olan annelerin sosyodemografik özellikleri ile ev kazalarına ilişkin
against home accidents. aldıkları güvenlik önlemlerinin karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi
Material and Methods: Our study was performed between July and amaçlanmıştır.
December 2017 in the Trabzon, Kalkınma Family Health Center. Two Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız Temmuz 2017 ile Aralık 2017 tarih-
hundred forty-four female volunteer mothers were included in the leri arasında Trabzon ili Kalkınma Aile Sağlığı Merkezi’nde gerçek-
study. We evaluated the relationship between sociodemographic leştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 0–6 yaş grubu çocuğu olan 244 kadın gönül-
characteristics and scores from the ‘Scale for Identification by lü birey alınmıştır. Katılımcılara demografik bilgiler anketi ve 0–6
Mothers of the Safety Measures Taken by Mothers to Prevent Home Yaş Çocuklarda Ev Kazalarına Yönelik Güvenlik Önlemlerini Tanıla-
Accidents in Children in the 0–6 Age Group.’ ma Ölçeği yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.8±5.4 years. The fre- Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 30,8±5,4 yıl idi. Çocukları ev
quency of home accidents was 42.6% (n=104). We found significant kazası geçiren annelerin oranı %42,6 (n=104) olarak saptandı. Anne-
differences between the scale scores in terms of educational status lerin eğitim ve gelir durumları açısından aldıkları ölçek puanı ara-
and income levels (p=0.049, p=0.015). There was no significant cor- sında anlamlı bir fark saptandı (p=0,049, p=0,015). Çocuk sayısı ile
relation between the number of children and scale score (r=-0.067, ölçek puanı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyon yoktu
p=0.299). There was a statistically significant difference between the (r=-0,067, p=0,299). Ölçekten alınan toplam puan ile bakımdan so-
total score of the scale and the person responsible for the care of the rumlu olunan çocuk sayısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki
child at home (p=0.027). saptandı (p=0,027).
Conclusion: The childhood home accidents are important since they Çıkarımlar: Çocukluk çağı ev kazaları önlenebilir olması nedeniyle
are preventable. The present study reveals the risk factors that may önemlidir. Çalışmamız çocukluk çağı ev kazalarını önleme çalışma-
form a basis for the studies on preventing the childhood home acci- larına dayanak oluşturabilecek risk etmenlerini ortaya koymaktadır.
dents. In the scale used here, the score of participant determines the Kullanılan ölçekte katılımcının aldığı puan ev kazası riski açısından
risk of home accident. The increase in the number of children in the belirleyicidir. Hane içerisinde çocuk sayısının fazla olması ev kazası
house increases the risk of home accident. görülme riskini artırmaktadır.
Keywords: Child protection, home accidents, age 0–6 years Anahtar sözcükler: Çocuk koruma, ev kazaları, 0–6 yaş

Introduction categorized into types such as home accidents, traffic ac-

cidents, and occupational accidents, depending on the
Unexpected death and property loss and incidents that location where they occur (2). Those that occur inside or
cause injuries are defined as accidents (1), which can be around the house are considered home accidents (3).

Corresponding Author /Sorumlu Yazar: Zehra Aslan Aydoğdu E-mail /E-posta: [email protected]
Received /Geliş Tarihi: 21.09.2018 Accepted /Kabul Tarihi: 21.06.2019
©Copyright 2019 by Turkish Pediatric Association - Available online at www.turkpediatriarsivi.com
©Telif Hakkı 2019 Türk Pediatri Kurumu Dernegi - Makale metnine www.turkpediatriarsivi.com web adresinden ulasılabilir.
DOI: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.64614
OPEN ACCESS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 149
 Aslan Aydoğdu et al. Home accidents Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54(3): 149–56

Although numeric data on home accidents in Turkey is The sample group was selected from volunteer women
not definitive, a study revealed that home accidents con- with children aged 0–6 years who were registered at FHC.
stituted approximately 18–25% of all accidents. Further, Individuals who met the study participation criteria (no
50–80% of all fall incidents that result in death among chronic illness and no reliance on people for care) were
children aged 0–6 years occur at home (4). A study con- provided the necessary information about the study,
ducted in England found that 48% of childhood injuries and a demographic data questionnaire and the Scale for
occurred at home; of all injuries, 21% are cuts and lacer- Identification by Mothers of the Safety Measures Taken
ations (47% occur at home), 19% are hematoma and ec- by Mothers to Prevent Home Accidents in Children in
chymosis (48% occurs at home), 13% are fractures (31% the 0–6 Age Group was used to assess the volunteering
occurs at home), 12% are sprains and strains (32% occurs participants during face-to-face interviews. Written in-
at home), 12% are inflammation and swelling (35% occurs formed consent was obtained. Ethics committee approval
at home), and 6% are superficial abrasions (37% occurs at was granted (Date: 07.07.2017, No.: 24237859-415). The
home) (5). study was conducted in accordance with the principles of
the Declaration of Helsinki.
Accidents affect everyone, but children and elderly people
are at higher risk due to their physical characteristics or To evaluate the mothers’ measures against home acci-
medical conditions. In several cases of home accidents, dents, the above-mentioned scale developed for Turkey
individuals at the beginning or final stages of their lives and for which Çınar et al. (14) conducted a validity and
are the most vulnerable. reliability study was applied. The scale is a 40-item 5-point
Likert-type scale. Example questions are as follows: (1)
Small children are known to be curious; however, they I keep the bathroom and toilet floor dry, and (2) When
are not equipped with the developmental competence to choosing furniture, I take care not to have sharp edges
protect themselves from accidents. Furthermore, because and sharp corners, which are scored as 5=Always, 4=Often,
they cannot easily maintain balance, home accidents hap- 3=Sometimes, 2=Rarely, 1=Never. The maximum and min-
pen to them more often (6). Those most at risk from home imum scores that can be received from the scale are 200
accidents are children in the age group of 0–6 years, who and 40. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was
mostly spend their preschool period at home (7). There- reported as 0.82, and in this study it was calculated as 0.85.
fore, the responsibility mostly falls upon parents in this
regard. In our society, mothers usually take care of chil- Considering the study conducted by Sekerci and Inal (15),
dren at home; therefore, they have to take measures to the percentage of mothers taking safety measures was
prevent against home accidents. determined as 30%, and the sample size was calculated as
244. Reliability was calculated as 95% and sampling error
Several studies have examined whether children’s sex, as 0.05%.
personality, the education level of parents, socioeco-
nomic status, the number of people in the household, Statistical Analysis
and children’s age have any effects on the risk of facing The data were entered into a computer using the Statisti-
childhood home accidents (8–13). Home accidents may cal Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 package pro-
include suffocation, burns, falls, poisoning, or injuries gram and statistical calculations were performed by the
from stab wounds. researchers.

This study aims at comparing and assessing the sociode- In the scale assessment, a total score was calculated for
mographic characteristics of mothers with children aged each participant. Following the identification of statis-
0–6 years and the measures taken by them to prevent tics, the correlation between the scale scores of the par-
against home accidents. The objective of this study was ticipants depending on the age and number of children
to determine the measures taken by mothers in order to was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis, and the
avoid home accidents as well as the risk factors for home correlation between other categorical variables and the
accidents, and to contribute to future studies on raising total scale scores was evaluated using one-way analysis of
awareness about home accidents. variance ANOVA, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Student’s
t-test. Post-hoc tests were administered using a Tukey’s
Material and Methods test. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05.
This study is a cross-sectional analysis and was conducted The Mann–Whitney U test was used to measure the be-
between July 2017 and December 2017 at the Family tween-group relationship between the significantly dif-
Development Health Center (FHC) in Trabzon, Turkey. ferent results of the Kruskal–Wallis test.

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Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54(3): 149–56 Aslan Aydoğdu et al. Home accidents

Level of education 80 76
100 91 70
90 60
80 77
50
70 40
60
50 46 30
40 20 18
30 26 10 7 5
4 2 1
20 0
10 4
0 Falls Burns Poisoning Electrical Stab Suffocations Falling
Illiterate Elementary Primary High University shocks wounds furniture
school education school and above
Figure 3. Type of accidents
Figure 1. Education level of research participants
The type and frequency of accidents are shown in the Fig-
ure 3.
Other
4.3%
Of those who had home accidents, 53.8% (n=56) presented
Bathroom
10.9%
to a hospital, and 23.2% of those who went to a hospital
were admitted (13).

Kitchen Living room

47.40% The logistic regression analysis model used to assess
24.21%
factors that affected accident occurrence included scale
scores for the level of education, level of income, house
condition, person responsible for childcare, mother’s oc-
Bedroom cupation, mother’s age, family structure, and the number
32.27% of children. No statistically significant correlation was
determined in terms of mother’s age (p>0.05), mother’s
occupation (p>0.05), level of education (p>0.05), family in-
come (p>0.05), and family type (p>0.05).
Figure 2. Accident locations of children who suffered
accidents The mean scale score of mothers was 176.6±16.2. There
Factors affecting the scale scores were examined using was no meaningful correlation between the partici-
a linear regression model that included age, number of pants’ ages and the scores they received from the scale
(r=0.048, p>0.05).
children, and income level.

The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that there was no signif-

Factors affecting accident frequency were examined
icant difference between participants’ education status
using a logistic regression model that included scale
and scales scores (p>0.05). A statistically significant differ-
scores for education level, income level, house condi-
ence was found between the participants’ scale scores and
tion, the person responsible for childcare, mother’s oc-
their income levels (p<0.05). The Mann–Whitney U test
cupation, mother’s age, family structure, and the num-
was used to understand which groups had significant be-
ber of children.
tween-group differences. A statistically significant differ-
ence was found between the participants’ total scale scores
Results in terms of their income levels (p<0.05), which included
In total, 244 women participated in the study and their those with average monthly income below 1000 TL, in the
average age was 30.8±5.4 years. The education level of 2000–5000 TL range (p<0.05), and above 5000 TL (p<0.05).
participants is presented in Figure 1.
One-way ANOVA showed that there was a statistically
The distribution of people responsible for childcare at significant difference between those with nuclear fami-
home was 75.4% (n=184) parents, 14.3% (n=35) family mem- lies and those with extended families (p<0.05), as well as
bers such as grandmothers, and 10.2% (n=25) nannies. among their total scores in terms of the person responsi-
ble for childcare (p<0.05).
The frequency of mothers whose children had house ac-
cidents was 42.6% (n=104). The number and frequency of A Tukey’s post-hoc test revealed that the statistically sig-
accident locations at home are shown in Figure 2. nificant difference was between ‘family members’ and

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 Aslan Aydoğdu et al. Home accidents Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54(3): 149–56

Table 1. Comparison of scale scores between groups

Groups n Minimum score Maximum score Mean score±SDa P value
Education 0.335b
Illiterate 4 132 190 155.75±24.60
Primary school 46 129 200 174.98±20.86
Elementary education 26 142 198 175.46±15.53
High school 77 102 200 176.16±16.27
University and graduate degree 91 138 200 179.11±13.89
Income levels 0.029b
Below 1000 TL 7 138 187 162.00±19.48
1000–000 TL range 92 129 199 174.38±15.92
2000–5000 TL range 116 102 200 178.35±16.10
Above 5000 TL 29 155 200 180.38±14.24
Family types 0.010c
Nuclear families 212 102 200 177.65±15.40
Extended families 32 131 200 169.81±19.48
Person responsible for childcare 0.027d
Family members 35 131 200 169.94±18.88
Parents 184 102 200 177.58±15.77
Caretaker 25 155 200 179.00±13.00
Total 244 102 200 176.62±16.17
a
SD: Standard deviation; bKruskal–Wallis Test (significant between-group differences were measured using a Mann–Whitney U
test); cIndependent Samples Test; dOne Way Anova Test (A Tukey’s post-hoc test showed that the significant difference was between
Family Members and Parents (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between Caretaker and other groups (p >0.05).

Table 2. Scale scores of mothers whose children suffered and did not suffer home accidents
Home accident history n Minimum score Maximum score Mean score±SDa P value
Suffered home accidents 104 129 200 170.6±15.8
<0.001b
Did not suffer home accidents 140 102 200 181.1±15.0
SD: Standard deviation; bIndependent Samples Test
a

‘parents’ (p<0.05). There was no significant difference be- a linear regression model that included scores for age,
tween ‘caretaker’ and the other groups (p>0.05) (Table 1). number of children, and income level. The linear re-
gression model was found to be statistically significant
We also found a significant difference (p<0.05) between (p<0.001). In this model, scores for the number of chil-
the total scale scores of participants who were house own- dren was mainly effective on the scale score (p<0.05).
ers and those who were tenants. The average scale score
of mothers who resided in their own house was 178.7±16, In the logistic regression model we used to examine fac-
whereas for those who were tenants it was 17.2±15.2. tors influencing the likelihood of having an accident, we
calculated that those with a high scale score affected the
The independent samples test showed that there was a likelihood of having an accident 0.95-fold and that they
statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the were preventive. We also calculated that when the num-
home accident history and questionnaire scale score av- ber of children increased, the frequency of home acci-
erage. The mean scale score of mothers whose children dents increased 1.9 times (Table 3).
did and did not have a home accident and the minimum
and maximum scores they received on the scale are pre- Discussion
sented in Table 2. Home accidents are a worldwide public health problem
and they are also a significant cause of death and mor-
Factors influencing scale scores were examined through bidity. It is known that children and the elderly are at

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Table 3. Results of logistic regression analysis on the factors that affect suffering from accidents
Variables Odds ratio %95 CI P value
Mother age 0.934 0.87–1.00 0.062
Number of children 1.951 1.20–3.10 0.006
Job
Housewife 1 (ref )
Official 1.029 0.79–5.82 0.952
Others 2.166 0.40–2.59 0.112
Education
Illiterate 1 (ref )
Primary school 1.484 0.01–2.58 0.779
Elementary education 0.253 0.05–11.30 0.760
High school 1.218 0.04–8.12 0.723
University and graduate degree 0.859 0.04–10.98 0.737
Income levels
Below 1000 TL 1 (ref )
1000–2000 TL range 0.272 0.23–10.99 0.253
2000–5000 TL range 0.433 0.22–11.63 0.165
Above 5000 TL 0.426 0.41–35.27 0.104
Person responsible for childcare
Parents 1 (ref )
Family members 0.545 0.91–5.73 0.248
Caretaker 1.399 0.65–5.09 0.593
Score 0.954 0.93–0.97 <0.001
CI: Confidence interval

greater risk of home accidents. More than 95% of child This study found that most accidents (40.2%) occurred in
deaths due to injury occur in low-income and middle- the living room. The second most frequent place was the
income countries. Approximately, 40% of the deaths of bedroom (27.4%), followed by the kitchen (20.5%), and
people aged under 18 years in high-income countries bathroom and toilet (8.5%). A study conducted in Tehran
are the result of an injury – an indication of the fact that found the living room to be the place where most acci-
these countries, although doing better, face a serious dents occurred, at a rate of 36.96% (18). The study con-
problem (16). ducted by Sekerci and Inal (15) identified living rooms, at
a rate of 62.5%, to be the most frequent place for home
The average age of mothers who participated in this study accidents, followed by kitchens, at a rate of 13.7%. The
was 30.8±5.4 years. This study did not find a significant living room has been determined as the place where
correlation between mother’s age and children having ac- most home accidents occur, which could result from the
cidents, which is consistent with the study conducted by fact that living room is where children spend most of
Sekerci et al. (15). their time.

Of the study participants, 42.6% (n=104) reported that We determined falls as the most frequent type of accident
their children had previously had home accidents. The at a rate of 67.3%, followed by burns at 15.9%, poisoning
frequency of home accidents was 15.5% in the study by at 6.2%, stab wounds at 4.4%, electrical shocks at 3.5%,
Özmen et al. (10), 73% in a study conducted in Australia drowning at 1.8%, and furniture falling on children at
(15), 57.2% in the study by Gunduz (17), and 30.2% in an- 0.9%. A study conducted in Tehran also determined fall-
other study conducted in Turkey (15). Although the fre- ing as the most frequently seen home accident at a rate
quencies of home accidents vary in existing studies, none of 63% (18). Another study found 55% falling, 30% burns,
can be underestimated due to the fact that home acci- 10% cuts, and 5% other accidents (15). The fact that falling
dents are preventable. is the most frequently seen home accident in this study

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 Aslan Aydoğdu et al. Home accidents Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54(3): 149–56

as well as in the literature can be linked to the fact that In the literature, the average scale scores of mothers of
children aged between 0 and 6 years do not have a fully children who had home accidents were reported statisti-
developed body balance. cally significantly lower than the scores of mothers whose
children had not had accidents (9, 17). However, a study
The average mothers’ scale score in the present study was reported that the scale scores of mothers whose children
176.6±16.2. The scale score average in the study by Gun- had home accidents were higher and statistically signif-
duz, similar to ours, was reported as 179.7±12.9 (17). In the icant (10).
study conducted by Özmen et al. (10), the average scale
score of mothers was found as 76.9±12.5. Similar to other In the present study, a statistically significant difference
studies (9, 15), this study found no significant correlation was reported between the scale scores of mothers whose
between mothers’ ages and the total score received on children had a home accident and whose did not, and the
the scale. We found no significant difference between the average scale score of mothers whose children did not
mothers’ education status and scale scores. However, in have a home accident was found as 181.1±15.0, and those
Gündüz’s study, there was a statistically significant differ- whose children who had an accident had a mean scale
ence between mothers’ education status and scale scores score of 170.6±15.8. Similar to some studies, high scale
(17). In another study conducted with mothers of hospital- scores of mothers with children who had not had a home
ized children, a significant positive correlation was deter- accident suggested that these parents might be taking
mined between mothers’ education level and scale scores more safety measures against home accidents, and, as a
(15). Contrary to the aforementioned studies, Çiçek et al. result, their children might have home accidents less fre-
(13) showed that mothers who graduated from primary quently.
school were more likely to take safety measures against
home accidents compared with those with high school Raising awareness of mothers and other family members
and college degrees. and monitoring the child during the presentation of first
stage health services and during the education period
A significant correlation was detected in this study be- might be effective in accident prevention. Undoubtedly,
tween the income level of families and their scale scores. children, especially those aged 0–6 years, are in need of
Similarly, in the literature, a significant correlation in the constant care and protection. Protecting a child is the
same direction between monthly income and the scale duty of society as a whole, but particularly of parents.
score has been reported (15). The increase in income and
scale score observed in the literature and in this study It is actually the initial duty of doctors to build a patient–
suggests the idea that families with low income levels doctor relationship based on mutual confidence, where
cannot sufficiently afford expensive measures. various secrets can be shared. This is the best way, both in
stages of diagnosis and treatment, and in exposing hid-
When the average scale scores are compared according den trauma. One should remember that when all sorts
to the type of family, mothers living in nuclear families of traumas or abuse are not exposed, it might lead to ir-
seemed to have the highest score average and mothers liv- reparable critical consequences, including death (19). It is
ing in extended families were found to have the lowest av- crucial to be on an alert for signs of neglect and abuse in
erage scale score (17). Furthermore, previous studies have every stage of healthcare provision and to examine a child
not reported a statistically significant difference between both physically and mentally with this sense of responsi-
types of families and scale scores (15, 17). Different from bility and consciousness.
such studies, a significant correlation was detected be-
tween family types and score scale. This can be explained However, physicians should not forget that their respon-
by the possibility that mothers from nuclear families might sibility starts in the prevention stage, long before diag-
have become highly conscious due to the fact that they do nosis. It is important to inform families who will take on
not share the responsibility of childcare with third parties. childcare responsibilities about all aspects of causes of
accidents prior to birth. During the postpartum period,
A significant difference was also reported between those the child must be carefully examined and monitored, in
living in a rented house and those who were homeowners, addition to reminding families of safety measures partic-
and the homeowners’ scale score was found higher than ular to the age group of their children. This study holds
for tenants’. This situation generated the possibility that that with an integrated approach, new generations, who
families with rented houses might be less inclined to take are the safeguards of our future, can be physically and
permanent safety measures, such as putting bars on win- mentally protected from all kinds of neglect, abuse, and
dows, closing off balconies, or placing thick safety rails. accidents.

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Turk Pediatri Ars 2019; 54(3): 149–56 Aslan Aydoğdu et al. Home accidents

The present study reveals the risk factors that may form Hasta Onamı: Katılımcılardan yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam
a basis for the studies on preventing the childhood home alınmıştır.
accidents. According to the logistic regression analysis,
Hakem Değerlendirmesi: Dış bağımsız.
the score of participant in the scale used here determines
the risk of home accident. The increase in the number of Yazar Katkıları: Fikir - Z.A.A., E.A.; Tasarım - Z.A.A., E.A.;
children in the house increases the risk of home accident. Denetleme - T.S., E.A.; Veri Toplanması ve/veya İşlemesi
- Z.A.A.; Analiz ve/veya Yorum -Z.A.A., E.A., T.S.; Literatür
The primary limitation of this study is that it was con- Taraması - Z.A.A.; Yazıyı Yazan - Z.A.A.; Eleştirel İnceleme
ducted in only one FHC. It is recommended that studies - E.A.,T.S.
that are to be conducted for globally effective initiatives
Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarlar çıkar çatışması bildirmemişlerdir.
should be conducted in more centers, in a way that will
reflect the society at large. Mali Destek: Yazarlar bu çalışma için mali destek alma-
dıklarını beyan etmişlerdir.
This study is cross-sectional, and the data was retrieved
through face-to-face interviews and with statements References
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Author Contributions: Concept - Z.A.A., E.A.; Design -
graphic risk factors for home-type injuries in Swedish
Z.A.A., E.A.; Supervision - T.S., E.A.; Funding -Z.A.A.; Ma-
infants and toddlers. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90: 61−8.
terials - Z.A.A.; Data Collection and/or Processing - Z.A.A.;
9. Karatepe TU, Akış A. 0-6 yaş çocuklarda ev kazası geçirme
Analysis and/or Interpretation - Z.A.A., E.A., T.S.; Literature
sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakül-
Review - Z.A.A.; Writing - Z.A.A.; Critical Review - E.A.,T.S.
tesi Dergisi 2013; 39: 165−8.
Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of in- 10. Özmen D, Ergin D, Şen N, Çakmakçı-Çetinkaya A. 0-6
terest to declare. yaş grubu çocuğu olan annelerin ev kazalarına yönelik
güvenlik önlemlerinin tanılanması. Sosyal Politika Çalış-
Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study
maları Dergisi 2007; 9: 13−20.
has received no financial support.
11. Yılmaz-Kurt F, Aytekin A. 0-6 yaş grubu çocuklarda ev
kazaları. HSP 2015; 2: 22−32.
Etik Kurul Onayı: Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı Kara- 12. Morrongiello BA, Ondejko L, Littlejohn A. Understand-
deniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu’ndan ing toddlers’ in-home injuries: I. Context, correlates, and
alınmıştır (07.07.2017, 24237859-415). determinants. J Pediatr Psychol 2004; 29: 415−31.

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ev kazalarına yönelik güvenlik önlemlerinin çeşitli 17. Gündüz G, Aytekin A. Annelerin çocuklarını ev kazaların-
değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler En- dan korumaya yönelik tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler.
stitüsü Dergisi 2012; 21: 157−74. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi 2015; 5: 184−92.
14. Çınar N. 0-6 Yaş grubu çocukların ev kazalarından korun- 18. Younesian S, Mahfoozpour S, Ghaffari Shad E, Kariman
masında ailenin rolü. Klinik Çocuk Forumu 2004; 4: 62−6. H, Hatamabadi HR. Unintentional home injury preven-
15. Şekerci E, Sevil İ. Hastanede yatan 0-6 yaş grubu çocuk- tion in preschool children; a study of contributing fac-
ların annelerinin ev kazaları konusundaki bilgi ve uygu- tors. Emerg (Tehran) 2016; 4: 72−7.
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