BDwbU 9: M‡elYvi cÖ¯vÍ ecÎ I M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b

M‡elYvi Ab¨Zg Ask n‡jv M‡elYvi cÖ¯ÍvecÎ I M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv| GKwU M‡elYvi mgm¨v
Kx? †Kb Zv Kiv n‡”Q? mywbw`©ó M‡elYv cÖkœ Kx? GwU †Kvb Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv n‡e? Kx cÖwµqvq M‡elYv
cÖ‡kœi DËi †LvRv n‡e? Kvi KvQ †_‡K ev †Kvb Drm †_‡K GB M‡elYvi DËi †LvRv n‡e? †Kvb cÖwµqvq
M‡elYvi bgybv wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e? †Kvb cÖwµqvq DcvË we‡kølY Kiv n‡e? Zv M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Î D‡jøL
Ki‡Z n‡e|

GQvov M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡b Dch©y³ mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi cvIqv hvq| GKwU M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡b g~j w`K¸‡jv
_v‡K| †Kvb ai‡bi fvlv e¨envi _v‡K Zv M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Ab¨Zg w`K|

GB BDwb‡Ui wZbwU cvV wbgœiƒc:

cvV 9.1: M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi KvVv‡gv

cvV 9.2: M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLv
cvV 9.3: M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi aib I e¨eüZ fvlv
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 9.1: M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi KvVv‡gv

M‡elYv cÖ¯ÍvecÎ M‡elYvi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| GKwU M‡elYvq wK wK Kiv n‡e Ges †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv
n‡e Zv M‡elYvi cÖ¯Ívec‡Î D‡jøL _v‡K| GB cv‡V GKwU M‡elYvi wewfbœ Ask, D³ Ask¸‡jvi †dvKvm
Ges wewfbœ w`Kmg~‡ni †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l Avcwb-

 GKwU M‡elYv cÖ¯Íec‡Îi KvVv‡gvi wewfbœ Dcv`vb ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi KvVv‡gv D`vni‡bi mvnv‡h¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi KvVv‡gv

GKwU M‡elYv cÖ¯ÍvecÎ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †h mKj Dcv`vb `iKvi †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
1| M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvg I welq
2| M‡elYv mgm¨vi Dc¯’vcb
3| mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
4| M‡elYv c×wZ
5| Z_¨ িবে ষণ
6| mgqmxgv
7| Z_¨m~Î
wb‡gœ M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi wewfbœ As‡ki eY©bv D`vniYmn †`Iqv n‡jv-
1| M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvg I welq: M‡elYv Ki‡Z ï ‡ZB GKwU M‡elYv welq (Topic) mbv³ Ki‡Z nq|
†hgb: GKwU M‡elYvi welq n‡Z cv‡i KvwiMwi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x fwZ©| AviI M‡elYvi welq n‡jv gva¨wgK
েরর weÁv‡bi g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv, mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ BZ¨vw`| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h
GKRb M‡elK M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvgwU cÖ_‡g wVK K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib| GwU wjL‡Z nq cÖ_‡g Z‡e GwU P‚ov
Ki‡Z n‡e M‡elYv cÖ াec‡Îi †k‡l wM‡q|
2| M‡elYv mgm¨vi Dc¯’vcb: GKwU M‡elYv mgm¨vi Dc¯’vc‡bi †¶‡Î K‡qKwU avc AbymiY Ki‡Z nq-
 M‡elYv wel‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU mgm¨v wba©viY
 D³ mgm¨vi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`b
 D³ M‡elYvi g‡a¨ Research Gap †ei Kiv
 M‡elYvwUi djvdj e¨enviKvix mbv³KiY
 M‡elYv D‡Ïk¨ (Purpose) I M‡elYv mgm¨v mbv³KiY

BDwbU- 9 wk¶v M‡elYv- 162

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cÖ_‡gB Avmv hvK M‡elYvi wel‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU mgm¨v mbv³Ki‡Yi wel‡q| †hgb: M‡elYvi welq hLb
KvwiMwi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x fwZ©, †m‡¶‡Î M‡elYv mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i KvwiMwi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x Kg fwZ©| GLb
cÖkœ n‡jv wKfv‡e GB M‡elYv mgm¨vwUi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`b Kie| GB D`vniYwUi †¶‡Î †h welqwUi
b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`‡bi cÖkœ Av‡m Zv nj Kg kãwUi h_vh_ cÖgvb †`Iqv| A_©vr wk¶v_©x fwZ© †h Kg n‡”Q Zv
wK Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î `ywU Drm e¨envi Kiv hvq-
c~e©eZ©x M‡elYv Ges AwfÁZv| †hgb: KvwiMwi wk¶v Awa`߇ii evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`‡b †`Lv †Mj wk¶v_©xi
msL¨v eivÏ wmU msL¨vi †P‡q Kg| cvkvcvwk †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi wk¶v_©x fwZ©i K‡qK eQ‡ii wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
GB M‡elYv mgm¨vwUi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`b Kiv hvq|
M‡elYvi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`‡bi c‡ii KvRwU n‡jv D³ mgm¨vwUi Research Gap Ly‡R †ei Kiv| G‡¶‡Î
M‡elYv mgm¨vwU wb‡q c~‡e© †Kvb M‡elYv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv ev †Kvb M‡elYv n‡jI c~e©eZ©x M‡elYvq †Kvb
M‡elYvi mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`Lv| G‡¶‡Î KvwiMwi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x fwZ©i eZ©gvb Ae¯’v wb‡q
M‡elYv n‡jI †Kb wk¶v_©x Kg fwZ© nq Zv wb‡q †Kvb M‡elYv nqwb| A_©vr †Kb wk¶v_©x Kg fwZ© n‡”Q
Zv Ly‡R †ei Kiv n‡jv GB M‡elYvi Research Gap|
cieZ©x av‡c GB Research Gap †K wfwË K‡iB M‡elYv D‡Ïk¨ (Purpose) wba©viY Kiv nq| †hgb:
GB M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv KvwiMwi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x †Kb Kg fwZ© nq Zvi KviY Luy‡R †ei Kiv| cieZ©x
av‡c GB D‡Ïk¨‡K Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ M‡elYv cÖkœ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| GB†¶‡Î g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h M‡elYv
cÖkœ wba©vi‡Yi Av‡MB M‡elYvwU †Kvb ai‡bi, A_©vr ¸YMZ,cwigvYMZ bvwK wgkª cÖK…wZi n‡e Zv wba©viY
Kiv| M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖkœ wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ M‡elYvi cÖK…wZ Rvbv AwZ Riæwi| GB M‡elYvi †¶‡Î
M‡elYv cÖkœ n‡Z cv‡i-
1| PvKzixi my‡hvM wk¶v_©x Kg fwZ©i KviY wKbv?
2| mvgvwRK gh©v`v wk¶v_©xi fwZ©‡Z †Kvb cÖfve †d‡j wKbv?

mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡elYv cÖ াec‡Îi GB av‡ci KvR n‡jv mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| M‡elYv mgm¨v Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq Ges
M‡elYv mgm¨vwUi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`‡bi mgqI mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e GB av‡c mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbvi g~j w`K n‡jv eZ©gvb M‡elYv KvVv‡gv cÖYq‡b mnvqZv `vb Kiv| †hgb: wk¶v_©xi Kg fwZ©i
wcQ‡b wewfbœ welq RwoZ _v‡K| Zvn‡j H welqmg~n Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb welq mg~n‡K eZ©gvb
M‡elYvq AšÍf©y³ Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv GB mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvq Avbv nq| Av‡iKwU wfbœ D`vniY †`qv hvq,
†hgb: †Kvb M‡elYvq hw` †kªwYK‡¶i wkLb-†kLv‡bv ch©‡e¶Y Kiv `iKvi nq Z‡e mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g GwUi KvVv‡gv †ei Kiv hvq †h Kx Kx w`K H ch©‡e¶‡Yi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| g~jZ M‡elYv
cÖ াec‡Îi mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvq †Kvb M‡elYvi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni ZË¡xq KvVv‡gv cÖ াe Kiv nq|

M‡elYv c×wZ
M‡elYv cÖ াec‡Îi GB av‡c M‡elYv c×wZi wewfbœ w`Kmg~n cÖ¯Íve Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡gB cÖ¯Íve Ki‡Z nq
M‡elYvwU †Kvb c×wZ‡Z (Approach) Kiv n‡e| GwU wK ¸YMZ, cwigvYMZ bvwK wgkª c×wZ‡Z Kiv n‡e
Ges †mB mv‡_ M‡elYvi cÖ‡kœi mnvqZvq †hŠw³KZv w`‡Z n‡e †Kb GwU cwigvYMZ, ¸YMZ ev wgkª
cÖK…wZi M‡elYv|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Research- 163

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Gi ciciB M‡elYvi mywbw`©ó bKkv D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU hw` cwigvYMZ cÖK…wZi nq Z‡e †Kvb M‡elYv
bKkv (Research Design) G‡Z e¨eüZ n‡e Zv D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb: GwU wK Experiment,
Correlation ev Survey n‡Z cv‡i| Survey n‡j GwU Longitudinal bvwK Cross-sectional GB w`K mg~n
mywbw`©ó K‡i D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx M‡elYvi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni ch©vqmg~nI D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|
cieZ©x av‡c M‡elYv Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Drmmg~n D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| GgbwK GB Drmmg~n cÖ¯Íve Kivi Rb¨
Gi mv‡_ M‡elYv cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †hŠw³KZvI Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e| †hgb: KvwiMwi wk¶vq wk¶v_©x fwZ©i
M‡elYvwU Kvi Kvi KvQ †_‡K mivmwi ev †Kvb WKz‡g›U ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i DcvË msMÖn Kiv n‡e Zv
†hŠw³KZvi mv‡_ cÖ¯Íve Ki‡Z n‡e| M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Drmmg~n cÖ¯Ív‡ei ci KZR‡bi KvQ †_‡K
DcvË msMÖn Kiv n‡e, A_©vr bgybvi AvKvi D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| GgbwK bgybvi AvKv‡ii KviYI
†hŠw³Kfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| cwigvYMZ M‡elYvi †¶‡Î bgybvi AvKvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj
(Representative) n‡Z n‡e| ¸YMZ M‡elYvq bgybvi AvKvi M‡elYvi D‡Ï‡ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡Z n‡e|
bgybvi AvKvi cÖ¯Íve Kivi ci bgybvq‡bi aib D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr hw` 50 Rb wk¶‡Ki ga¨ †_‡K 5
Rb wk¶K‡K bgybv wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq Z‡e H 5 Rb wk¶K‡K wKfv‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡e †mwU D‡jøL
Ki‡Z n‡e| GB bgybvqbwU M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi AwZ ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© GKwU Ask| Gi wcQ‡b †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j
ai‡Z n‡e|
Gici M‡elYvi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi DcKiY (Tools ev Instrument) e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zv
D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Î H ai‡bi DcKiY wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j ai‡Z
n‡e| G‡¶‡Î g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e M‡elYvi ai‡bi mv‡_ hv‡Z DcKi‡Yi mvgÄm¨ _v‡K|

Z_¨ we‡kølY
M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi GB ch©v‡q M‡elYvq cÖvß Dcv˸‡jv †Kvb †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g we‡kølY Kiv n‡e Zv
D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- cwigvYMZ M‡elYvq †Kvb ai‡bi Descriptive cwimsL¨vb e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zv
D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| Aciw`‡K ¸YMZ Dcv‡Ëi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi Thematic †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv n‡e ZvI
D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|
mgqmxgv
GKwU M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi Ab¨Zg w`K n‡jv M‡elYvi mgqmxgv cÖ াe Kiv| wb‡P GKwU bgybv †`qv
n‡jv|
M‡elYv Kvh©µg mgqKvj
M‡elYvi cÖ¯ÍvecÎ Rgv I Aby‡gv`b RyjvB 2018
M‡elYvi DcKiY cÖ¯‘ZKiY I wdì IqvK© cÖ¯‘wZ I Iwi‡q‡›Ukb, AvM÷ 2018
Z_¨ msMÖn `‡ji cÖwk¶Y
wdì IqvK© ev gvV ch©v‡q Z_¨ msMÖn I Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi KvVv‡gv †m‡Þ¤^i-b‡f¤^i 2018
cÖYqb
Z_¨ we‡kølY wW‡m¤^i 2018-†deªæqvwi 2019
Lmov cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi I Rgv`vb GwcÖj 2019
Z‡_¨i h_v_©Zv hvPvB IqvK©mc (Validation Workshop) †g 2019
P‚ovšÍ wi‡cvU© cÖ`vb Ryb 2019
BDwbU- 9 wk¶v M‡elYv- 164
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Z_¨m~Î (Reference)
me©‡k‡l Z_¨m~Î D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| †h K‡qKwU c~e©eZ©x M‡elYv‡K Citation G e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q
†m¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †idv‡iÝ ZvwjKvq _vK‡Z n‡e Ges GwU †Kvb wbw`©ó wbq‡g †hgb: APA, Harvard,
MLA BZ¨vw` AbymiY K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq M‡elYvi cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi gva¨‡g GKwU M‡elYvq wK wK Kiv n‡e Zvi mg¨K aviYv cvIqv
hvq| ZvB GKwU M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi Aby‡gv`b wbf©i K‡i GwU KZ mgq a‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci|
†h w`K¸‡jv GLv‡b AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv n‡jv GwU KZUv †hŠw³Kfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, M‡elYv
cÖ¯ÍvecÎ KZUv mg‡qvc‡hvMx Ges G †_‡K cÖvß djvdj eZ©gvb Ae¯’v cwieZ©‡b KZUv mnvqK n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.1

eû wbe©vPwb cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|
1| wK‡mi Dci wfwË K‡iB M‡elYv D‡Ïk¨ (Purpose) wba©viY Kiv nq?
K. Research Gap L. Research Methodology
M. Literature Review N. Research Topic
2| M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi †Kvb As‡k Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni ZË¡xq KvVv‡gv cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq?
K. M‡elYv c×wZ L. mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
M. M‡elYv mgm¨vi Dc¯’vcb N. M‡elYv welq
3| M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvg KLb P~ovšÍ Ki‡Z n‡e?
K. M‡elYvi ïiæ‡Z L. M‡elYv mgm¨v wba©vi‡Yi ci
M. mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvi mgq N. M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Îi †k‡l

mwVK DËi: 1| K; 2| K; 3| N|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1| M‡elYvi †¶‡Î mywbw`©ó bKkv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
2| M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ Gi bgybvi AvKv‡ii mv‡_ mvgvÄm¨c~Y© nIqv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?

iPbvgyjK cÖkœ
1| GKwU M‡elYv cÖ¯ÍvecÎ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †h mKj Dcv`vb `iKvi †m¸‡jv wKfv‡e G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_
m¤cwK©Z Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
2| M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívec‡Î †Kvb †Kvb wel‡qi b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZcv`b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv D‡jøখc~e©K e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Research- 165
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cvV 9.2: M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l Avcwb-

 M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi wewfbœ Dcv`vb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e;
 M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi wewfbœ w`K D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b Kx?

M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b nj GKwU M‡elYvg~jK e¨vL¨v| G‡Z AšÍfz©³ i‡q‡Q:

 M‡elYvi D‡Ï‡k¨i GKwU ¯có wee„wZ
 cÖvmw½K mvwn‡Z¨i GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
 M‡elYvq e¨eüZ c×wZ¸wji GKwU weeiY
 djvd‡ji GKwU msw¶ß weeiY, Ges
 djvd‡ji GKwU Av‡jvPbv Ges e¨vL¨v

GKwU fvj wimvP© wi‡cv‡U© wbgœwjwLZ Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv DwPZ:

 †Kb M‡elYv Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj?
 Kx j¶¨ wQj?
 Kx cwiKíbv wQj?
 Kx cvIqv †M‡Q?
 Kxfv‡e eZ©gvb Aa¨qb Ab¨‡`i mnvqK n‡e?
 Kxfv‡e eZ©gvb M‡elYv GB †¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨ Áv‡bi mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z n‡e?

fvj wi‡cvU© `ªæZMwZ‡Z wjwLZ nq bv, GgbwK `¶ I AwfÁ †jLKivI cÖKvkbvi Rb¨ GKwU cvÐzwjwc Rgv
†`Iqvi Av‡M eûevi ms‡kvab K‡ib|

cÖwZ‡e`b MVb
GKwU wi‡cvU© mvaviYZ wZbwU cÖavb wefv‡M MwVZ nq:
 cÖv_wgK Dcv`vb
 wi‡cv‡U©i cÖavb Ask
 m¤c~iK Dcv`vb

BDwbU- 9 wk¶v M‡elYv- 166

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cÖv_wgK Dcv`vb
 bvgcÎ
 ¯^xK…wZ
 m~wPcÎ
 Gw·wKDwUf mvgvwi
 mviYx ZvwjKv
 cwimsL¨vb ZvwjKv
wi‡cv‡U©i cÖavb Ask
 f‚wgKv
 mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
 cÖYvwj weÁvb
 Z_¨ we‡kølY
 djvdj
 Av‡jvPbv
 Dcmsnvi
 cÖ¯Ívebv

m¤c~iK Dcv`vb
 †idv‡iÝ ev weewjIMÖvwd
 cwiwkó/ms‡hvRb

mvaviY bxwZ
 ¯có †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ aviYv¸wji GKwU myk„•Lj Dc¯’vcbv|
 ïiæi w`K †_‡K wi‡cv‡U©i †kl ch©šÍ kã, aviYv Ges w_g¨vwUK †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui avivevwnKZv
iÿvKiY|
 †hvMv‡hv‡Mi ¯^”QZvi mgm¨v¸wj `~i Kivi Rb¨ GKwU fvj †KŠkj n‡jv GKwU M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b
wjLv Ges GwU cybivq covi K‡qKw`b Av‡M GKcv‡k †i‡L †`Iqv| AZtci wi‡cvU©wU c‡o Gi
†Kvb Ask cvV‡Ki eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡e wKbv Zv †ei Kiv I Amyweav `~ixKi‡Yi e¨e¯’v †bqv|

fvlv
fvlv hv M‡elYv djvdj cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq Zv Pvwn`vwfwËK I g‡bvfve Ges
c¶cvwZZ¡g~jK AbywgwZ gy³ n‡Z n‡e|

j¶¨ AR©‡b wZbwU wb‡`©wkKv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ:

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 wbw`©óZv
 †j‡ej ms‡e`bkxjZv
 AskMÖn‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ

wbw`©óZv
c¶cvZ gy³ mwVK kã wbe©vPb Kiv| D`vniY¯^iƒc, hw` Avcwb eq‡mi MÖæc¸‡jv eY©bv K‡ib, Zvn‡j
GKwU we¯Í…Z cwim‡ii (†hgb- 12 Gi wb‡P) cwie‡Z© GKwU wbw`©ó eqm cwimxgv (8 †_‡K 12 eQi eqm)
cÖ`vb Kiæb|

†j‡ej
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡¤^vab Kiv DwPZ Zviv †hfv‡e cÖZ¨vkv I MÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡b K‡i| m¤¢e n‡j †j‡ej¸‡jv
Gwo‡q hvIqv ev weÁv‡bi gZ mvaviY wn‡m‡e, Askx`vi‡`i Ae‡R± wn‡m‡e †kªwYfz³ Kiv (†hgb- eq¯‹)
ev Zv‡`i Ae¯’vi mv‡_ mgZzj¨ (†hgb, welYœZv, †÷ªv‡Ki wkKvi)|

AskMÖnYKvix:
 AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AskMÖnY‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv DwPZ|
 M‡elYv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i eY©bv cÖ`vb Kiv DwPZ|

M‡elYv wi‡cv‡U© mvZwU cÖavb wefvM i‡q‡Q:

 bvgcÎ
 mswÿßmvi
 f‚wgKv
 c×wZ
 djvdj
 Av‡jvPbv
 Z_¨m~Î

bvgcÎ
wk‡ivbvg cvZvq i‡q‡QÑ
 Pjgvb wk‡ivbvg
 wk‡ivbvg
 †jLK
 †jLK ms¯’vi Aby‡gv`b|

mswÿßmvi
BDwbU- 9 wk¶v M‡elYv- 168
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mswÿßmvi M‡elYv wi‡cv‡U©i welqe¯‘i mvgwMÖK mvi-ms‡¶c| mswÿßmvi K_vwU GKwU Avjv`v c„ôvi
Dc‡i wk‡ivbv‡g Ges GKK Aby‡”Q‡` UvBc Ki‡Z nq| GwU mwVK, msw¶ß Ges mym½Z nIqv DwPZ|
GKwU AwfÁZvMZ M‡elYvi mvi-ms‡ÿ‡c mgm¨v, M‡elYvq AskMÖnYKvix, e¨eüZ c×wZ, †gŠwjK
djvdj Ges M‡elYv djvdj ms‡¶‡c _vKv DwPZ|
f‚wgKv
f‚wgKv Dc¯’vcb cv‡Vi GKwU wbw`©ó wel‡qi wee„wZ w`‡q ïiæ nq| f‚wgKvq cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ wbw`©ó Kiv DwPZ
A_©vr GwU Kxfv‡e mgm¨vi mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z n‡e Zv kbv³ Kiv DwPZ|
M‡elYv c×wZ
M‡elYv c×wZ wefv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ cvVK‡K Rvbv‡bv Kxfv‡e M‡elYv Kiv n‡qwQj| M‡elYvi bKkv,
Dchy³Zv, djvdj wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv Ges ˆeaZv g~j¨vqb Kiv M‡elYv c×wZ wefvM Øviv Dc¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| M‡elYv c×wZ wefvM mvaviYZ K‡qKwU Dcwefv‡M wef³ Kiv nq; †hgb- AskMÖnYKvix, hš¿cvwZ
Ges c×wZ| hw` M‡elYv bKkv RwUj nq Z‡e AwZwi³ DcwefvM¸‡jv wbw`©ó Z_¨ Rvbv‡Z AšÍf©y³ Kiv
nq|
AskMÖnYKvix: eqm Ges wj½ wn‡m‡e AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖavb RbwgwZK ˆewkó¨ wPwýZ Kiv|
AskMÖnYKvix, bgybv AvKvi Ges DËi cÖ`v‡bi nvi wbe©vPb Kivi Rb¨ M‡el‡Ki e¨eüZ m¨v¤cwjs c×wZi
eY©bv cÖwZ‡e`‡b AšÍf©y³ Kiv DwPZ|
hš¿ ev hš¿cvwZ: Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ Ges †Kb G¸‡jv e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv
nq|
c×wZ: GwU cvVK‡K Kxfv‡e M‡elYv Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj Zv Rvbvq| GwU M‡elK Ges AskMÖnYKvixMY
Kxfv‡e M‡elYvwU m¤cbœ K‡ib †mB aviYvB †`q|
djvdj
djvdj wefvM c×wZ wefvM‡K AbymiY K‡i| djvdj wefv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ msM„nxZ Z_¨ Ges Zv‡`i
cwimsL¨vbMZ AvPiY ms‡¶‡c Dc¯’vcb Kiv| djvdj wefv‡M cvV‡Ki D‡Ï‡k¨ Z_¨ we‡kølY c×wZ Ges
GB we‡køl‡Yi djvdj m¤c‡K© ej‡Z nq|
Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv wefvM Aa¨q‡bi djvdj Ges Abygv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤c‡K©i Dci cÖv_wgK ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i|
djvd‡ji ¸iæ‡Z¡i Dci gšÍ‡e¨i gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv wefvM †kl Kiv DwPZ| Av‡jvPbv bZzb ev AcÖKvwkZ
mgm¨vi wee„wZi mv‡_ †kl n‡Z cv‡i Ges fwel¨‡Z M‡elYvi Rb¨ civgk©I w`‡Z cv‡i|
Z_¨m~Î
†idv‡iÝ wefvM M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi cvV¨vs‡ki mg¯Í DׄwZ¸‡jvi †jLK Ges mswkøó cÖKvkbvi GKwU
ZvwjKv cÖ`vb K‡i| GB wefvMwU Ab¨‡`i cvwÐZ¨c~Y© Kv‡Ri GKwU ¯^xK…wZ Ges Zv‡`i KvR kbv³ Kivi
GKwU Dcvq cÖ`vb K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.2
GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Research- 169
 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

eû wbe©vPwb cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|
1| M‡elYvi fvlvq †Kvb w`KwU Gwo‡q Pjv DwPZ?
K. weÁv‡bi gZ mvaviY fvlv
L. mnR mij fvlv
M. c¶cvwZZ¡g~jK fvlv
N. ¯có fvlv

2| M‡elYv wi‡cvU© ˆZwii †¶‡Î AskMÖnYKvixi †Kvb wel‡q M‡el‡Ki j¶¨ ivLvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB?
K. e¨w³Z¡¡
L. eqm
M. wj½
N. RvwZMZ cwiPq

3| djvdj wefM †Kvb wefvM‡K AbymiY K‡i?

K. Z_¨m~Î wefvM
L. mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv wefvM
M. Z_¨ we‡kølY wefvM
N. c×wZ wefvM

mwVK DËi: 1| M; 2| K; 3| N|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1| M‡elYv wi‡cv‡U© †j‡ewjs Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
2| M‡elYv wi‡cv‡U© Z_¨m~Î mshy³ Kiv nq †Kb?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| M‡elYv wi‡cvU© ˆZwii mvaviY bxwZ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

BDwbU- 9 wk¶v M‡elYv- 170

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cvV 9.3: M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi aib I e¨eüZ fvlv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV Aa¨qb †k‡l Avcwb-

 M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi aib eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Kvw•¶Z fvlv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi aib

†Kvb wel‡q M‡elYv Kivi ci GKwU M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b ‰Zwi Ki‡Z nq Ges Zv Rvb©v‡j cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq| GKwU M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b ‰Zwii c~‡e© Zv Aek¨B m~¶fv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
M‡elYvwU ÎæwUgy³ wKbv Ges cÖKvkbvi Rb¨ Dch©y³ bq Ggb †Kvb welq wb‡q M‡elYv Kiv DwPZ bq|
M‡elYvi welqwU hw` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges wbLyZ nq Zvn‡j GKwU ¯úó wm×v‡šÍ †cŠuQv‡bv m¤¢e hv M‡elYvi
D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ M‡elYvi djvd‡ji ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi GKwU c×wZ|
M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwii cÖwµqvwU wbf©i K‡i M‡elYvwU ¸YMZ bvwK cwigvYMZ, Zvi Dci| cwigvYMZ
M‡elYvwU mvaviYZ M‡elYv cÖKí hvPvBKib Ges cix¶vg~jK M‡elYv c×wZi mvi ms‡¶‡ci Dci cÖvavb¨
†`q| Ab¨w`‡K ¸YMZ M‡elYv AviI †ewk AbymÜvbg~jK Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi M‡elYv c×wZi mswgkÖY|
¸YMZ Ges cwigvYMZ M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ I cÖwKqvi Kvi‡Y Gme M‡elYvi cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi aibI wfbœ
nq|
M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi GKwU mvaviY bxwZ nj GwU Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
M‡elYvi welqwU ¯úó K‡i †Zv‡j| fvj †jLv GK ai‡bi ˆbcyY¨ hvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †jLv Dc¯’vcbv I fvlv
e¨env‡ii Dci h‡_vchy³ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv| ¯úó †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ aviYv¸‡jv GKwU myk…•Lj Dc¯’vcb
cÖ‡qvRb| M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi ïiæi w`K †_‡K cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †kl ch©šÍ kã avibv Ges welqe¯‘i
Dc¯’vc‡b Aek¨B GKwU avivevwnKZv _vK‡Z n‡e| GB avivevwnKZv i¶vi Rb¨ wewfbœ hwZ wPý, †hgb-
Zvici, cieZ©x‡Z BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi mgq cÖwZ‡e`‡b welqe¯‘i
ˆbe©¨w³KZv cÖvqkB _v‡K bv Ges cÖwZ‡e`‡bi welqe¯‘i A¯^”QZv¸‡jv Zvr¶wYKfv‡e aiv bvI ci‡Z
cv‡i|
cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi mgq Awfe¨w³i ¯úó I A_©en Dc¯’vcb cÖ‡qvRb| Awfe¨w³i ¯úóZv cÖKv‡ki Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRb A¯úóZv Gov‡bv Ges welq, Kvj, e¨w³i my¯úó web¨vm, †hb cvVK †Kvbfv‡eB weåvšÍ bv nq|
A_©en Awfe¨w³i cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ k‡ãi AwZwi³ e¨envi Kgv‡Z n‡e| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q k‡ãi cÖvPyh©Zv,
kãevûj¨, Acfvlv, RwUjZv, wbw®Œq ev‡K¨i AwZwi³ e¨envi cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc, ÒGB

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Research- 171

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mgqÓ kãwU e¨envi bv K‡i ÒGLbÓ kãwU e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| A_©vr cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi mgq h‡_vchy³ kã
Pqb Kiv evÃbxq|
M‡elYvq e¨eüZ fvlv:
M‡elYvi fvlv mvejxj Ges c¶cvZnxb n‡Z n‡e| GB j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wZb ai‡bi w`K wb‡`©kbv
i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv nj-
1. wbw`©óZv
2. m‡¤^va‡bi ms‡e`bkxjZv
3. AskMÖn‡bi ¯^xK…wZ

1. wbw`©óZv
M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡b †Kvb e¨w³‡K wb‡`©k Kivi mgq mwVK Ges my¯úó kã cQ›` Kiv DwPZ| D`vniY¯^iƒc
†KD hw` eq‡mi welqwU D‡jøL K‡i †m‡¶‡Î eq‡mi mgqmxgv wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv DwPZ| †hgb- Ò12
eQ‡ii wb‡P bv wj‡L Av‡iv mywbw`©ó K‡i 8-12 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †jLv DwPZ| cvkvcvwk gvbyl SyuwK‡Z Av‡Q G
aviYvwU e¨vcK A‡_© enb K‡i| G‡¶‡Î SywKi aiY Ges †Kvb ai‡Yi ev †kÖwYi gvbyl SyuwK‡Z Av‡Q Zv
wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- gvbyl SyuwK‡Z Av‡Q Gi cwie‡Z© wkïiv msµvgK †iv‡Mi SyuwK‡Z Av‡Q †jLv
DwPZ|
2. m‡¤^va‡bi ms‡e`bkxjZv: M‡elYvq hviv AskMÖnYKvix Zv‡`i kÖ×vi mv‡_ m‡¤^vab Kiv DwPZ Ges Zviv
†hfv‡e WvK‡Z cQ›` K‡i †mfv‡e WvKv DwPZ| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki c`gh©v`v mywbw`©ó K‡i D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ|
KvD‡K mivmwi †bwZevPK gšÍe¨ bv K‡i gvwR©Z I iæwPkxj fvlv e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| †hgb, wkLb-wk¶Y
wel‡qi †Kvb †KŠkj fv‡jv bv n‡j †m‡¶‡Î mivmwi fv‡jv nqwb bv e‡j Av‡iv DbœZ n‡j fv‡jv nZ
Gfv‡e ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
3. AskMÖn‡bi ¯^xK…wZ
GKRb M‡el‡Ki M‡elYvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AskMÖn‡Yi wel‡q K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi Kiv DwPZ|
eY©, RvwZMZ cwiwPwZ, †RÛvi, kvixwiK A¶gZv, eqm BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cÖwZ
m¤§vb †i‡L Ges KviI cÖwZ c¶cvZg~jK `…wófw½ bv †`wL‡q BwZevPKfv‡e fvlv Dc¯’vcb Kiv DwPZ|
†hgb- †RÛv‡ii †¶‡Î ejv hvq, bvix-cyiæl m¤ú‡K© Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z PvB‡j Df‡qi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR‡Z Hme
kãwU e¨envi bv K‡i m¤ú~Y© A_©‡K wVK †i‡L People, Individual, person BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|
eY© ev RvwZMZ cwiP‡qi †¶‡Î welqwU Av‡iv †ewk ms‡e`bkxj| GRb¨ GKRb M‡elK‡K GB welqwU‡K
AviI mywbw`©ófv‡e ejv DwPZ hv‡Z Zv‡`i ‡QvU Kiv bv nq Ges Zv‡`i gh©v`v A¶zYœ _v‡K| †hgb-
M‡elbvq AskMÖnYKvixiv hw` evsjv‡`‡ki cvnvwo A‡ji gvbyl nq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i cvnvwo ev Avw`evmx
D‡jøL bv K‡i ¶z`ª b…ZvwË¡K ‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ, KviY G‡Z Zv‡`i gh©v`v A¶zYœ _v‡K| eq‡mi

BDwbU- 9 wk¶v M‡elYv- 172

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb

†¶‡Î mivmwi eqm D‡jøL bv K‡i hv‡`i eqm 12 eQ‡ii wb‡P Zv‡`i evjK-evwjKv, 13-17 eqm Gi
†¶‡Î hyeK Ges 18 eQ‡ii D‡aŸ©i gvbyl‡K cyiæl-gwnjv e‡j D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ|
kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e A¶g e¨w³i K_v D‡jø‡Li †¶‡Î fvlv e¨env‡ii cÖwZ h‡_ó mZK©Zv Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Zv‡`i cÖwZ †Kvb Am¤§vb Rvbv‡bv bv nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.3

eû wbe©vPwb cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý () w`b|

1| M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwii cÖwµqv wK‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i?

K. M‡elYv c×wZ
L. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg
M. M‡elYv bKkv
N. mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv

2| M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi fvlv †Kgb nIqv DwPZ?

K. wbw®Œq ev‡K¨i e¨envi Kiv
L. k‡ãi cÖvPzh©Zv _vKv
M. kã evûj¨Zv _vKv
N. mvejxj I cÿcvZnxb

mwVK DËi: 1| K; 2| N|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1| M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †jLv mnR-mij nIqv DwPZ †Kb?
2| M‡elYvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †jLvi aiY Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
2| M‡elYvq e¨eüZv fvlv †Kgb nIqv DwPZ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

GgGW †cÖvMÖvg Educational Research- 173