Chapter 1

1 Which row describes the spacing and arrangement of particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas?

2 Which statement describes the particles in a liquid?

A They are close together but have no regular arrangement.

B They are densely packed in a regular order.

C They move freely at high speed and are widely spaced.

D They vibrate but do not move from a fixed position.

3 The diagram shows the changes of state between a solid, a liquid and a gas.

In which changes of state is energy being given out?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

4 The rate of diffusion of three gases, ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane, is measured.

What is the order of the rate of diffusion of the gases from slowest to fastest?

A CO2 → NH3 → CH4

B CO2 → CH4 → NH3

C CH4 → NH3 → CO2

D NH3 → CH4 → CO2

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5 Which description of Brownian motion is correct?

A random movement of particles due to bombardment by larger particles

B random movement of particles due to bombardment by smaller particles

C random movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

D random movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration

6 The arrangements of particles in solids, liquids and gases are different.

Which statement about the molecules in ice, water or steam is correct?

A The H2O molecules are on average closest together in steam.

B The H2O molecules are on average furthest apart in water.

C The H2O molecules in steam have the second highest average velocity.

D The H2O molecules in ice are able to vibrate.

7 The melting points and boiling points of three elements, at 1 atm pressure, are shown.

Separate samples of argon, nitrogen and oxygen are stored at –200 C and at 1 atm pressure.

How many samples are liquids?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3

8 Substance M is a solid at 30 ° C.

The substance is heated to 80 ° C and its temperature measured as it cools down to room
temperature.

The cooling curve is shown.

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 Between which times is substance M freezing?

A P to Q B Q to R C R to S D S to T

9 Which gas has the fastest rate of diffusion?

A Ar B C2H6 C HCl D H2S

10 The diagram shows the result of dropping a purple crystal into water.

Which processes take place in this experiment?

11 Four physical changes of ethanol are listed.

1. condensation
2. evaporation
3. freezing
4. boiling

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 In which changes do the particles move further apart?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

12 Nitrogen is heated in a balloon, which expands slightly.

Which statements about the molecules of nitrogen are correct?

1 They move further apart.

2 They move more quickly.
3 They remain the same distance apart.
4 Their speed remains unchanged.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

13 Which statement about solids, liquids or gases is correct?

A Solids are easy to compress.

B Liquids are easy to compress.

C Liquids expand to fill their container.

D Gases expand to fill their container.

14 A gas is placed in a sealed container. The gas has a pressure of one atmosphere and a temperature of
50 ℃ .

It is heated to 100 ℃ .

Which row describes the cause of the pressure of the gas and the effect of increasing the

temperature of the gas?

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15 Part of a cooling curve for water is shown.

What is occurring between points X and Y?

A Steam is condensing into water.

B The temperature of the water is decreasing.

C Ice is melting.

D Particles are losing heat to the surroundings.

16 Which statements about the rate of diffusion of the gases ammonia, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and
oxygen are correct?

1 Nitrogen and carbon monoxide will diffuse at the same rate.

2 Oxygen will diffuse slowest because it is an element, whereas the others are

compounds.

3 Ammonia will diffuse fastest.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 and 3

17 Which statement about a solid, a liquid or a gas is correct?

A A solid has a fixed shape and can be compressed.

B A liquid takes the shape of the container it is in and can be compressed.

C A solid has no fixed shape and cannot be compressed.

D A gas takes the shape of the container it is in and can be compressed.

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18 Solid X is heated for 600 seconds.

The graph shows the heating curve that is obtained.

What is the melting point of X?

A 20 °C B 170 °C C 240 °C D 270 °C

19 Which statements about diffusion are correct?

1 Aqueous ions cannot diffuse in water.

2 Diffusion is caused by the random movement of particles.
3 Particles spread out in all directions in diffusion.
4 Diffusion can only take place in solids and liquids.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

20 The boiling point of sodium is 890 °C.

What happens to sodium atoms as the temperature of a sample of sodium changes from 950 °C to
900 °C?

A The atoms move more quickly and bonds are formed.

B The atoms move more quickly and bonds are neither broken nor formed.

C The atoms move more slowly and bonds are formed.

D The atoms move more slowly and bonds are neither broken nor formed.

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21 Which statement about gases is correct?

A Gases are difficult to compress when pressure is applied.

B The particles in gases are close together.

C The particles in gases have a random arrangement.

D The particles in gases move slowly past each other.

22 A sample of argon gas is heated in a closed container.

Which row describes what happens to the pressure and the size of the argon atoms?

23 Which two processes are required to change ice into steam?

A boiling and melting

B boiling and freezing

C condensing and melting

D condensing and freezing

24 Which row describes how the volume of a gas changes when the temperature increases, or when the
pressure increases?

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25 A gas is heated. The pressure is kept constant.

Which statement describes the behaviour of the particles in the gas?

A The particles move faster and become closer together.

B The particles move faster and become further apart.

C The particles move more slowly and become closer together.

D The particles move more slowly and become further apart.

26 A mixture of ice and water is left to stand and the ice melts. Which row describes what happens as
the ice is melting?

27 Hydrogen chloride gas [Mr: HCl, 36.5] is released at P in the apparatus shown. The universal indicator
paper turns red after 38 s.

The experiment is repeated using sulfur dioxide gas [Mr: SO2, 64].

What is the result for sulfur dioxide gas?

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28 Which gas has the slowest rate of diffusion?

A H2 B NH3 C CH4 D CO2

29 Sodium chloride is a liquid at 900 °C.

Which row describes the arrangement and the motion of the particles in sodium chloride at 900 °C?