INTRODUCTION TO SOCIETY, COMMUNITY, AND EDUCATION – DEFINING THE BASIC

CONCEPT

SOCIETY
The term society emerged in the fifteenth century and is derived from the French société. The French word, in
turn, had its originin the Latin societas,"a friendly association with others," from socius meaning
"companion ,associate, comrade or business partner." Essential in the meaning of society is that its members
share some mutual concern or interest, a common objective or common characteristics, often a common
culture. A society is a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common interest and may have
distinctive culture and institutions. A "society" may refer to a particular ethnic group.

COMMUNITY
The word community is derived from the Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from
communis, which means "common,public, shared by all or many.“ Communis comes from a combination of
the Latin prefix con- (which means "together") and the word munis (which has to do with performing services).
A community is a social group sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. The people living in one
particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or
nationality.

EDUCATION
Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more
profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. Education has as one of
its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation (socialization), yet it more
refers to the formal process of teaching and learning found in the school environment.

SCHOOL CULTURE
School culture generally refers to the beliefs, perceptions, relationships, attitudes, and written and unwritten
rules that shape and influence every aspect of how a school functions, but the term also encompasses more
concrete issues such as the physical and emotional safety of students, the orderliness of classrooms and public
spaces, or the degree to which a school embraces and celebrates racial, ethnic, linguistic, or cultural diversity.

SOCIAL INTERACTION
A social interaction is an exchange between two or more individuals and is a building block of society. Social
interaction can be studied between groups of two (dyads), three (triads) or larger social groups.

UNIT 1: SOCIETY AND EDUCATION

Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (e). Article 11, of R. A.. No. 7836. otherwise known as the Philippines
Professionalization Act of 1994 and Paragraph (a),section 6. P.D. No. 223. as amended, the Board for
Professional Teachers hereby adopt the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers.
Article 3. The Teacher and the Community
Section 2. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively participate in community movements
for moral, social, educational, economic and civic betterment.
Section 4. Every teacher shall live for and with the community and shall, therefore, study and understand local
customs and traditions in order to have sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from disparaging the
community
Section 6. Every teacher is intellectual leader in the community, especially in the barangay. and shall welcome
the opportunity to provide such leadership when needed, to extend counseling services, as appropriate, and to
actively be involved in matters affecting the welfare of the people.

Education and schooling are found within the context of society. Schools exist within a social context and any
change within schools in terms of educational aims, goals, and objectives including their contents is always in
relation to societal changes. Society and schools are interdependent and provide a bi-directional influence on
each other. Sociology as a science provides theories, concepts, and principles that help us better understand
theories and principles that help shape and guide education. Education on the other hand through its
curriculum trains and educate the people with the necessary knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that are
necessary for its continued maintenance,, growth and development.

HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PHILIPPINES EDUCATION

HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION (7000 BC-5000 BC)
Education Goals:
• Primitive life is organized tribally rather than politically, the goal of education includes learning skills in
procuring necessities of life such as hunting, building a hut, and learning how to participate in ritualistic
practices such as worship ceremonies in front of big trees, rocks, rivers, and others to please or appease the
unseen spirits roaming around. This is done to preserve and transmit their traditions.
• Children were students in primitive societies. Adults teach their children at a young age so that they can
learn basic skills that will help them survive in their environment, such as how to hunt, build a hut, and
worship unseen spirits.

Instructional Methods
• During the primitive era, the instructional method was informal – no writing or reading practice, and instead
the children only imitated and learned those actions that they could observe from the adults.
Focus of Curriculum: Practical, theoretical, and physical training
Agents: Parents, tribal elders, religious leaders

CHINA (3000 BC-1900 AD)

Educational Goals: The ancient Chinese placed more emphasis on politics, they are knownfor
producing a large number of effective leaders. The Chinese system, on the other hand, was based on the
premise that only intellectuals were fit to rule. They believe that an intellectual person will someday be an
effective ruler; thus, education has been geared toward reproducing the scholarly elite, which is preparing the
next generation of scholar officials. And, because Confucius was a major influence on ancient Chinese
education, education emphasizes knowledge of the Confucian classics. Students studied ancient Chinese
literature and Confucian texts at imperial or temple schools. This is done to instill personal virtue, morality, and
loyalty among elite scholars, all of which are desirable characteristics. This is done to cultivate personal virtue,
morality, and loyalty among the elite scholars, which are qualities of a good leader, and it would result in a
harmonious political state in China.
Students: Males of upper class
Instructional Methods: The reputation of China as a wise civilization is one of its greatest achievements.
They are renowned for using in-depth written exams to judge students’ academic proficiency. Here, the
primary duties of the students were to learn and be able to memorize the ancient Chinese literature and
Confucian context. Because of this, their teaching strategy emphasizes teaching students to memorize, recite,
and write
Focus of Curriculum: Confucian recitation
Agents: Government official
• The ancient Chinese placed more importance on the political sphere, which is why they are renowned for
having strong leaders. Since they are the ones with the most knowledge and experience in terms of political
aspects, government officials themselves serve as their agents in facilitating education because their education
is primarily focused on producing prepared and effective future government officials.
Influence on Education: The Chinese civilization was among the first to use written examinations to
determine whether or not a person is qualified for civil service. This technique is still used today where
students must take and pass examinations after completing their studies to obtain a license indicating that
they are truly professionals.

INDIA (3000 BC – PRESENT)

Educational Goals: The primary goal of ancient Indian education was to bring people to salvation by
teaching them about the Vedas. Education aided in the practice of celibacy, the control of one’s senses, and
the purity of one’s life.
Students: Ancient Hindu societies were based on a strictly enforced system of familial status known as the
caste system. As a result, formal education contributed to the perpetuation of this system by limiting access to
boys from the highest level or Brahmin caste.
Instructional Methods: Memorizing And Interpreting sacred texts

Focus of Curriculum: the Vedic system of education was developed first in ancient India, with the holy
book of Vedas serving as their primary educational guide. The Vedas are extremely important tin Indian
culture. In other words, because the ancient system of education was based on the Vedas, it was given the
name Vedic Educational System.
Agents: In ancient Indian education, priests served as the teachers, which resulted in a strong emphasis on
moral development, learning to write, and strict discipline of the students. The educator places value on the
students’ overall development.
Influence on education: Because Indian education is primarily based on the Vedic system, which is a
sacred text-based education. Indian education aided in the control of desires and the promotion of purity of
life. It broadens the scope of education; education is about cultivating students’ spiritual aspects as well as
their vocational and cognitive skills.

EGYPT (3000 BC – 300 BC)

Educational Goals: The ancient Egyptians were focused on religious education and philosophy was taught
alongside secular subjects. Ancient Egyptians believe that if they were learning to follow morals, they will
become wise and righteous. So, the focus of education or goal of the ancient Egyptian is to train the students
to be a scribe.
Students: The students of the ancient Egyptians were males of the upper class; at the age of 7, the males of
the upper-class family were trained to write, read, and also do mathematics. Aside from that, the children of
the lower-class family were trained to do craftsmanship, and girls were trained to do household chores. Only
the upper class was taught to read, write, and do mathematics at the palace.
Instructional Methods: Formal/Memorization and copying oftexts
Focus of Curriculum: The common subjects taught in ancient Egyptian education were reading, writing,
and mathematics. The focus of their education was religious instruction and morals. The ancient Egyptians
lived in a civilized country where religious belief was active
Agents: The Priests and Scribes becomes the agents of the ancient Egyptian. They are tasked to assist the
learners to become Scribed and Priests.
Influence on education: The priest elites preserved and controlled Egyptian education; they served as a
political bulwark by preventing political diversity. Egyptian education passed down the use of practical subjects
from generation to generation, allowing modern Egyptians to learn medicine, science, mathematics, and
geometry. It is due to the priest’s hands, who taught in formal schools. Furthermore, vocational skills in
architecture, engineering, and sculpture were passed down outside of the context of formal schooling.

GREEK (1600 BC – 300 BC)

Educational Goals: The educational goals of the ancient Greek were to cultivate civic responsibility and to
produce a good citizen. The children of ancient Greek were trained in music, art, literature, science, math, and
politics
Students: In Greek, the students of the ancient Spartans were male children ages 7–20. Boys were formally
educated from the age of seven to sixteen; this was to promote the balance of body and mind. Girls were
taught at home. Unlike in Athens, both girls and boys were trained in the military; they were trained to protect
peace and war
Instructional Methods: Instructional methods of ancient Greek are Memorization and recitation in
primary school, in ancient Greek the children were taught to memorize such things as singing and chants. In
addition to that, when they reach a higher level, they will be able to gain knowledge in their discussion and be
able to make a dialog about different topics.
Focus of Curriculum: The subject is focused on reading, writing, arithmetic, drama, poetry, and music in
Athens. The main reason for this is that they believed in the concept of beauty, which is why they taught the
students about it.
• Military, songs, and tactics are the focus of Spartan education. Spartan students were tasked with defending
their country against a neighboring country. They were taught self-defense and self-discipline.
Agents: Private teachers and philosophers are the primary agents of education in Athens; they guide their
students to learn and gain knowledge. They assist their students in developing their minds and souls.
▪ Military teachers were the agents of education in Sparta; they taught their students to be physically and
morally strong.
Influence on education: The concept of education in ancient Greece made numerous significant
contributions to philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy. Furthermore, the Greeks introduced us to literature
and theater. Sparta taught us the concept of the military state, while Athens taught us to be educated citizens.
ROMAN (750 BC – 450 BC)
Educational Goals: The Romans’ primary educational goals were to produce a good and responsible
citizen; additionally, Roman education aimed for linguistic perfection and public speaking perfection.
Students: The majority of Roman students were male; they had to attend the grammar class where they
studied Latin, Greek, and grammar between the ages of 12 and 13. Some 16-year-old boys went to study
public speaking to become orators. The majority of the students are from upper-class families and are all boys.
The girls must prepare for home life as well as religious functions. Boys from the lower classes do not receive
an education.
Instructional Methods: Memorization and recitation; declamation, rhetorical schools.
Focus of Curriculum: reading, writing, arithmetic, law, and philosophy make up the majority of the
curriculum. While these subjects are vital, becominga skilled public speaker is the most crucial skill to gain in
the ancient room. Additionally, the learner must have moral and ethical principles
Agents: The family was an important educational agent. The parents will be the ones who shape their child’s
character and determine their ability. The teacher in private schools will then be the one who guides them to
become knowledgeable students. The rhetoric teacher will assist the student in thinking critically and
observing the argument, whether it is correct or incorrect.
Influence on education: Many practical skills advanced as a result of the Romans’ education, including
Engineering and architecture.
Furthermore, the student learns to be a responsible citizen. Many people gained an education thanks to
education, and they discovered how to be decent citizens, laborers, and soldiers. This Roman education
influenced many of us, and we learned a lot from them. Their contribution to education played an important
role in society, which is public speaking. We have been learning and applying it up until now

SOCIALIZATION
✓Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, beliefs, and
behaviors of their society.
✓Socialization helps us to become proficient members of a society and to function within it.
✓Socialization also influences our self concept, attitudes, and actions as adults.
✓Socialization begins in childhood when we learn the basic values, language, and identity from our family.

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
FAMILY
✓Socialization continues throughout the life course, as we interact with other agents of socialization, such as
schools, peer groups, media, religion, and the workplace.
✓ Family members also provide emotional support, guidance, and role models for their children
SCHOOLS
✓Schools are an important secondary agent of socialization for children and adolescents. They teach people
academic skills, as well as social skills, values, norms, and expectations of their society.
✓Schools also expose people to a diversity of perspectives, backgrounds, and experiences that can broaden
their worldviews and understanding of others
PEER GROUPS
✓Peer groups are groups of people who share similar interests, ages, statuses, or backgrounds. They are a
source of friendship, companionship, and socialization for people of all ages.
✓ Peer groups can influence a person's attitudes, behaviors, tastes, and preferences.
MEDIA
✓They are a powerful agent of socialization because they can reach a large and diverse audience and shape
their opinions, beliefs, and values. ✓Schools also expose people to a diversity of perspectives, backgrounds,
and experiences that can broaden their worldviews and understanding of others
Socialization affects our behavior in many ways, such as:
✓ It shapes our self-concept, or how we see ourselves and our roles in society.
✓ It influences our attitudes, or how we evaluate and respond to people, things, and situations.
✓ It guides our behaviors, or how we act and interact with others in different contexts and situations.
✓ It teaches us the norms or the rules and expectations of appropriate behavior in our culture.
✓ It helps us develop our values or the principles and. standards that we consider important and desirable.