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Models of The Atom

MODELS OF ATOM

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Swathy Pandiyan
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31 views8 pages

Models of The Atom

MODELS OF ATOM

Uploaded by

Swathy Pandiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Models of the Atom

Throughout history, scientists have proposed various models to describe


the structure of an atom, each building upon previous knowledge and
contributing to our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of
matter.
Dalton's Atomic Model
1 Indivisible Particles
Dalton theorized that atoms are indivisible and indestructible particles, the smallest unit of an
element.

2 Atoms of the Same Element are Identical


Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties, while atoms of different elements
have different properties.

3 Atoms Combine in Simple Whole-Number Ratios


When atoms combine to form compounds, they do so in simple, whole-number ratios.
Thomson's Atomic Model
1 Plum Pudding Model
Thomson proposed the "plum pudding" model, where atoms are
positively charged spheres with negatively charged electrons
embedded within.

2 Discovery of Electrons
This model was based on Thomson's discovery of electrons,
subatomic particles with a negative charge.

3 Atomic Structure
Thomson's model introduced the concept of subatomic particles,
marking a significant step towards understanding atomic
structure.
Rutherford's Atomic Model
Alpha Particle Scattering
1 Rutherford conducted experiments where alpha particles
were fired at a thin gold foil.

Nuclear Model
2 The results led to the nuclear model, where atoms have a
small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center.

Electrons Orbit the Nucleus


3 Electrons orbit the nucleus in a vast space, forming an
atom's structure.
Bohr's Atomic Model
Quantized Energy Levels
Electrons can only occupy specific energy levels, and transitions
between these levels involve the absorption or emission of photons.

Electron Orbits
Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific circular paths, resembling
planetary orbits around the sun.

Spectral Lines
Bohr's model explained the observed spectral lines emitted by
atoms, which result from electrons transitioning between energy
levels.
Concept of Valency
Valency Definition Example

1 The combining capacity of an Hydrogen (H), Sodium (Na)


element.

2 An element forms two bonds. Oxygen (O), Calcium (Ca)

3 An element forms three bonds. Nitrogen (N), Aluminum (Al)


Isotopes and their Properties
Definition Properties Examples
Isotopes are atoms of the same Isotopes have the same chemical Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are
element that have the same properties due to the same isotopes of carbon with 6 protons
number of protons but a different number of electrons, but they may and 6 neutrons (12) and 8
number of neutrons. have different physical properties neutrons (14), respectively.
like mass and radioactivity.
Isobars and their Properties

Definition
Isobars are atoms of different elements that have the same mass
number, but differ in their atomic number (number of protons).

Atomic Number
Isobars have different atomic numbers, meaning they have different
numbers of protons and belong to different elements.

Mass Number
The mass number, which represents the total number of protons and
neutrons, is the same for isobars.

Chemical Properties
Isobars have different chemical properties because they belong to
different elements.

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