Generic name: propofol
Brand names: Diprivan, Propoven
Drug class: General anesthetics
DOSAGE injection, emulsion
ROUTE Intravenous
Indication
Used for induction and/or maintenance of anaesthesia and for management
of refractory status epilepticus.
Mechanism of action
The action of propofol involves a positive modulation of the inhibitory
function of the neurotransmitter gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through
GABA-A receptors.
Contraindication
Propofol should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with a known
allergy to propofol, soybean oil, egg, or related substances. It's
contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to these components.
Additionally, caution is needed in individuals with a history of severe
reactions to other anesthetic agents. Always consult with a healthcare
professional for personalized advice.
Adverse effects
Respiratory depression
Hypotension
potential allergic reactions.
It may also cause pain or burning at the injection site.
Rarely, propofol infusion syndrome, characterized by metabolic acidosis,
organ failure, and potentially fatal outcomes, can occur with prolonged use
or high doses.
Nursing consideration
1. **Patient Monitoring:** Continuous monitoring of vital signs, including
blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, is crucial. Keep a
close eye on respiratory status.
2. **Resuscitation Equipment:** Ensure immediate access to resuscitation
equipment, including bag-valve-mask and airway management tools,
in case of respiratory depression.
3. **Injection Site Assessment:** Monitor for any signs of pain or irritation
at the injection site. Propofol can cause a burning or stinging sensation
upon injection.
4. **Allergy and Sensitivity:** Be aware of the patient’s allergy history,
particularly regarding allergies to propofol, eggs, soybean oil, or
related substances.
5. **Titration and Dosage:** Administer propofol slowly and titrate the
dosage carefully to achieve the desired sedation level while minimizing
adverse effects.
6. **Special Populations:** Use caution in patients with underlying health
conditions, such as cardiovascular or respiratory issues. Adjust dosages
accordingly, and consider alternative medications for certain
populations.
7. **Patient Education:** Inform the patient about potential side effects,
including the possibility of feeling groggy or disoriented upon
awakening.
8. **Post-Administration Monitoring:** Continue monitoring the patient
post-administration for any lingering effects or adverse reactions.
Always follow institutional protocols and guidelines, and collaborate with
other healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective propofol
administration.
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