Effects of multi-enzyme on production performance, egg quality, nutrient

digestibility, and excreta noxious gas emission of early phase Hy-line brown
hens

Hao Yang Sun and In Ho Kim∗

Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to inves- significant effects were found on yolk color, eggshell
tigate the effects of dietary supplementation of non- strength, and eggshell thickness during the experi-
starch polysaccharide multi-enzyme (NME) in early ment (P > 0.05) with the increase in NME supple-
laying phase of hens on production performance, egg mental levels. Albumin height, haugh unit, and egg
quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta noxious gas color values were linearly (P < 0.05) increased at week
emission. In total, 432 Hy-line brown laying hens at 2 and 6 following the increasing NME supplementa-
18 wk of age were used in a 10-wk feeding trail. tion, respectively. Additionally, quadratic (P = 0.0013)
Hens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments effect was observed on egg weight at week 6 with
with 24 replication and 6 hens per replication (1 hen the increasing level of NME. Moreover, apparent to-
per cage). Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal- tal tract digestibility of nitrogen and excreta ammo-
DDGS-based diets supplemented with 0 (based diet, nia emission was linearly (P < 0.05) affected increas-
CON), 0.05% (NME1), and 0.1% (NME2) of NME. ing NME supplementation. In summary, inclusion of
No significant (P > 0.05) response to increasing NME NME containing xylanase, β -glucanase, galactosidase,
supplementation was observed for damaged egg rate and galactomannanase activities in corn-soybean meal-
shown throughout the experiment. Significant (P < DDGS-based diets increased nitrogen digestibility, de-
0.05) linear increase was observed for egg production creased excreta ammonia emission, and had no nega-
at week 4, 6, and 8; moreover, egg production at week tive effects on production performance and egg quality
8 also showed quadratic (P = 0.0344) increase. No parameters.
Key words: early laying hen, egg quality, gas emission, non-starch polysaccharide multi-enzyme, nutrient
digestibility
2019 Poultry Science 98:4889–4895
http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez237

INTRODUCTION The anti-nutritive effects of NSP are mediated by

some mechanisms such as increase in digesta viscos-
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), the major com- ity, reduced lipid solution and absorption, or increasing
ponents of dietary fiber in feedstuffs, were regarded fermentation with subsequent flatulence (Roberts and
in monogastric animal diets as anti-nutritional factor Choct, 2006; Urbano et al., 2007). Many studies have
leading to indigestion and poor performance. Exoge- reported the positive effects of single or combined sup-
nous enzymes are employed to improve the digestibility plementation of xylanase and β -glucanase on produc-
of feedstuff that contains NSP all over the world (Liu tion performance, digestibility, gut function, and im-
and Kim, 2017). In cereal grains including corn, arabi- munity in laying hens fed corn diets (Światkiewicz and

noxylans and β -glucans, are the major NSPs whereas in Koreleski, 2006; Safaa et al., 2009; Lei et al., 2018).
soybean meal (SBM) arabinogalactans, galactans, and Shalash et al. (2010) reported that multi-enzyme con-
galactomannans predominate (Slominski, 2011). More- taining xylanase and β -glucanase showed improvement
over, distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), by in egg production and digestibility in 30 to 40 wk
product of ethanol industry also contains significantly hens fed corn diet with DDGS. On the other hand,
high amount of NSP (Widyaratne et al., 2009). There- galactomannans and galactosides as the anti-nutritional
fore, there is a considerable interest in identifying situ- compounds in soybean still exist after the heat process-
ations as to which enzymes needs to be added to feeds ing for SBM production and also known as flatulence-
based on feed ingredients in poultry diets. producing factors in SBM (Choct et al., 1996; Ao
et al., 2010). Exogenous galactomannanase (GM) and

C 2019 Poultry Science Association Inc. α-galactosidase (GT) enzymes should be supplemented
Received January 16, 2019. to diet due to the lack of endogenous enzyme system
Accepted April 23, 2019. in small intestine of both poultry and swine for the
∗
Corresponding author: [email protected]

4889
4890 SUN AND KIM

degradation of NSP (Shim et al., 2004). Furthermore, Table 1. Ingredient composition and nutrient composition of
the use of exogenous GM and GT may provide opportu- basal diet for laying hens (as-fed basis).
nities to utilize galactomannans and α-1, 6-galactosides Ingredients, %
as energy sources and may have positive effects on gut Corn 46.10
health (Kim et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2009). Multi- Soybean meal 17.33
enzyme supplementation for laying hens fed corn-SBM Rice 5.00
Distillers dried grains with soluble 18.41
diets has led to variable results (Mathlouthi et al., 2003; Corn gluten 0.67
Ghazalah et al., 2011; Khan et al., 2011; Deniz et al., Tallow 0.70
2013; Munyaka et al., 2015). However, little is known Limestone 9.76
Sesame meal 1.50
about the effects of non-starch polysaccharide degrad- Salt 0.11
ing multi-enzyme (NME) in early phase of laying hens. Methionine 0.06
Therefore, the principal objective of this study was Lysine 0.06
Choline 0.10
to evaluate the effects of NME containing of GT, GM, Vitamin premix1 0.10
β -glucanase, and xylanase on production performance, Mineral premix2 0.10
egg quality parameters, nutrient digestibility, and exc- Nutrient composition,%
reta noxious gas emission in early phase (18 to 27 wk Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg 2,791
Dry matter 88.92
of age) laying hens fed a corn-SBM-DDGS-based diet. Moisture 11.08
Crude protein 17.81
Crude fat 3.69
Crude fiber 2.96
MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude ash 13.33
Calcium 3.83
The experimental protocol used in this study was Total phosphorus 0.38
Total lysine 0.81
approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Total methionine 0.41
Dankook University, South Korea. Total cysteine 0.31
Total threonine 0.67
Total tryptophan 0.19
Experimental design, Animals, Diets, and 1
Provided per kg of complete diet: 11,025 IU vitamin A; 1,103 IU vi-
Housing tamin D3 ; 44 IU vitamin E; 4.4 mg vitamin K; 8.3 mg riboflavin; 50 mg
niacin; 4 mg thiamine; 29 mg d-pantothenic; 166 mg choline; 33 μ g vi-
A total of 432 Hy-line brown laying hens (18-wk-age) tamin B12 .
2
Provided per kg of complete diet: 12 mg Cu (as CuSO4 r5H2 O); 85 mg
were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 24 Zn (as ZnSO4 ); 8 mg Mn (as MnO2 ); 0.28 mg I (as KI); 0.15 mg Se (as
replication and 6 hens per replication (1 hen/cage) in a Na2 SeO3 r5H2 O).
10-wk feeding trail. Dietary treatments were corn-
SBM-DDGS-based diets containing 0 (control diet, (GMU) is defined as the amount of enzyme that lib-
CON), 0.05% (NME1), and 0.1% (NME2) of NME erates 0.01 μmol total reducing sugars/min from 0.5%
product. All diets were formulated to meet or ex- galactomannan per at 40◦ C and pH 4.0. One unit of xy-
ceed the recommendations provided in Hy-line brown lanase is defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates
Management Guide (2014). The composition of the 0.1 μmol total reducing sugar/10 min form 0.5% xylan
basal diet is shown in Table 1 and all diets were at 30◦ C and pH 4.0. One unit of β -glucanase is defined
presented in mash form. The hens were housed in as the amount of enzyme that liberates 0.1μmol total
a windowless and environmentally controlled room reducing sugar/10 min form 0.5% β -glucan at 30◦ C and
that was maintained at 23◦ C. A total of 16 h pH 4.0.
(5 am to 9 pm) of artificial lighting was provided daily.
All hens were housed individually in 38 cm width ×
50 cm length × 40 cm height cages. Feed and water
Production Performance and Egg Quality
were provided for ad libitum consumption. Parameters
The number of eggs laid was recorded daily on a repli-
Enzyme Preparation cation basis. The egg production was expressed as an
average hen-day production. The collected eggs were
The enzyme used in this study was the commer- classified as either normal or damaged of calculating the
cial preparation by a local company (Endo-Power damaged egg ratio. The damaged eggs included broken
EASYBIO, Inc., Seoul, Korea). The preparation con- eggs, cracked eggs, and shell-less eggs. At week 2, 6, and
tains 3,500 units/g xylanase activity, 2,500 units/g β - 10, a total of 48 eggs (2 eggs per replication) with the
glucanase activity, 800 GTU/g of GT activity, and exception of damaged eggs, were randomly collected at
2,500 GMU/g galactomannanase activity. One unit of 5 pm from each treatment and used to determine the
α-galactosidase (GTU) is defined as the amount of egg quality at 8 pm the same day. Eggs were weighted
enzyme that liberates 0.01 μmol nitro phenol form by treatment for the egg weight parameter. Eggshell
1 mmol of pNPG (p-nitrophenyl-alpha-dgalactoside) breaking strength was evaluated using an eggshell force
per at 30◦ C and pH 4.0. One unit of galactomannanase gauge model II (Robotmation Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan);
 MULTI-ENZYMES IN EARLY LAYING HENS 4891
a dial pipe gauge (Ozaki MFG. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Statistical Analysis
Japan) was employed for measurements of the egg shell
thickness, which was determined on the basis of the av- All data were subjected to statistical analysis in
erage thickness of the rounded end, pointed end, and a randomized complete block design using the Gen-
the middle of the egg, excluding the inner membrane. eral Linear Models procedures (SAS Institute, Cary,
An eggshell color fan was used to visually determine the NC, USA). Replication (n = 24) was used as the ex-
eggshell color (DSM, Basel, Switzerland). Yolk color, perimental unit. Orthogonal polynomials were used to
yolk height, and haugh unit (HU) were evaluated using assess the linear and quadratic effects of increasing con-
an egg multi-tester (Touhoku Rhythm Co. Ltd., Tokyo, centration of supplemental NME. Duncan’s multiple
Japan). range tests were adopted to compare means between
the treatments. Variability in the data was expressed
as the pooled standard error of means. P < 0.05 was
Apparent Total Tract Digestibility considered statistically significant.

At 9 wk of experiment, 0.2% of chromium oxide was

added into the experimental diets as an indigestible RESULTS
marker to determine the apparent total tract digestibil-
ity (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and Production Performance
gross energy (GE). During the last 3 D of the exper-
iment, fresh excreta samples were collected from each The effects of dietary NME supplementation on pro-
replication and stored at −20◦ C until further analy- duction performance and egg quality are described in
sis. Feathers and scales were removed from the excreta Table 2. Throughout the experiment period, no signif-
samples. Before chemical analysis, excreta samples were icant (P > 0.05) effects of NME supplementation were
thawed and dried at 70◦ C for 72 h, and finely ground found on egg broken rate. At week 4 and week 6, egg
to a size that could pass through a 1-mm screen. Fol- production showed linear (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0458)
lowing the procedures outlined by the AOAC (2007), increase following the increasing level of NME, respec-
DM (Method 930.15) and N (Method 987.13) were tively. Moreover, as NME supplementation increased,
analyzed. Gross energy was determined by measuring egg production increased linearly (P = 0.0087) and
the heat of combustion in the samples, using a bomb quadratically (P = 0.0344) at week 8.
calorimeter (Parr 6100; Parr instrument Co., Moline,
IL, USA). Chromium was analyzed via UV absorption
spectrophotometry (Shimadzu UV-1201, Shimadzu, Egg Quality Parameters
Kyoto, Japan). The ATTD of nutrients was then cal- As described in Table 3, increasing level of dietary
culated using the following formula: digestibility (%) = NME supplementation did not influence (P > 0.05) the
{1—[(Nf × Cd)/(Nd × Cf)]} × 100, where Nf = nu- yolk color, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness dur-
trient concentration in feces (% DM), Cd = chromium ing the experiment period. At week 2, albumin height
concentration in diet (% DM), Nd = nutrient concentra- was linearly (P = 0.0005) increased by NME supple-
tion in diet (% DM), and Cf = chromium concentration mentation in diets. At week 6, there was significant
in feces (% DM). (P < 0.0001) linearly improvement in HU; however,
eggshell color values were decreased (P = 0.0004) lin-
early following the increasing level of NME supplemen-
Excreta Gas Emission
tation. Additionally, significant (P = 0.0013) quadratic
At the end of experiment, excreta samples were col- effect was observed in egg weight due to increasing
lected from each pen and mixed. The samples were NME supplementation. There were no significant dif-
stored in 2.6-L plastic boxes, in duplicate. Each box ferences in egg quality parameters due to the dietary
had a small hole in the middle of one sidewall that treatments (P > 0.05).
was sealed with adhesive tape. The samples were al-
lowed to ferment for 2 D at 25◦ C. After the fermen-
tation period, a GV-100 gas sampling pomp (Gastec Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and
Corp., Kanagawa, Japan) was used for the detection of Excreta Gas Emission
ammonia (NH3 ), hydrogen sulfide, and total mercap-
tans using different detection tubes (No. 3 L, No. 4LT, There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in
and No. 70 L; Gastec), respectively. To this end, the ATTD of DM and GE among the dietary treatments;
seal was punctured, and 100 mL of headspace air was whereas, linear (P = 0.0286) increase was observed in
sampled approximately 2 cm above the excreta. After digestibility of N following the dietary increasing level of
air sampling, each box was sealed again covered with NME supplementation (Table 4). Significant linear de-
adhesive tape. Headspace measurements were repeated crease was observed for NH3 concentration; but, hydro-
after 58 h. The gas contents were averaged from 2 mea- gen sulfide and total mercaptans concentrations were
surements. not affected by the supplementation of NME (Table 5).
4892 SUN AND KIM

Table 2. Effects of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading multi-enzyme (NME) on egg production and
egg broken rate in laying hens.1

P-value
Items CON ENM1 ENM2 SEM2 SEM3 Duncan’s Linear Quadratic

Egg production, %
Week 1 10.81 11.31 11.61 0.45 0.43 0.4256 0.1981 0.8513
Week 2 46.92 46.73 47.82 0.64 0.66 0.4676 0.3474 0.4336
Week 3 67.26 67.06 67.96 0.55 0.56 0.5109 0.3872 0.4419
Week 4 83.73b 84.03b 86.11a 0.52 0.51 0.0035 0.0019 0.1587
Week 5 89.19 88.99 90.08 0.55 0.56 0.3414 0.2656 0.3501
Week 6 90.77 91.67 92.16 0.54 0.48 0.1258 0.0458 0.7333
Week 7 92.56 93.06 92.36 0.54 0.55 0.6607 0.8064 0.3876
Week 8 92.76b 95.24a 94.84a 0.59 0.54 0.0043 0.0087 0.0344
Week 9 96.53 95.73 96.53 0.64 0.63 0.5938 0.9926 0.3109
Week 10 96.53 96.33 97.12 0.49 0.53 0.5482 0.4370 0.4468
Egg broken rate, %
Week 1 2.08 1.67 2.57 1.35 1.42 0.9039 0.8093 0.7059
Week 2 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.17 0.17 0.1352 0.0832 0.3119
Week 3 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.6160 0.4031 0.6078
Week 4 – – – – – – – –
Week 5 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.3757 0.2269 0.4831
Week 6 – – – – – – – –
Week 7 0.11 0.00 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.6158 0.9744 0.3278
Week 8 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.13 0.13 0.1726 0.1053 0.3452
Week 9 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.3757 0.2269 0.4831
Week 10 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.3757 1.0000 0.1640
1
abbreviation: CON, Basal diet; NME1, CON + 0.05% of NSP multi-enzyme; NME2, CON + 0.10% of NSP multi-enzyme.
2
Standard error of means (Duncan’s multiple range test).
3
Standard error of means (Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts).
a,b
Within a row, values not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at P < 0.05.

DISCUSSION crease in egg production at week 4, 6, and 8. Moreover,

egg production also increased quadratically at week 8.
The use of exogenous enzymes in poultry nutrition Similarly, Khan et al. (2011) reported that dietary sup-
can improve the productive value of diets, thereby de- plementation of multi-enzyme product containing xy-
creasing feed cost, improving growth and product per- lanase and β -glucanase significantly increased the egg
formance, and decreasing the impact of excreta appli- production in 40 wk age of hens fed a corn based diet.
cation to environment. Non-starch polysaccharides as Recently, Youssef and El-Gabry, (2018) investigated
anti-nutritional factor are found in many kinds of nat- that 250 mg/kg of β -mannanase increased the egg pro-
ural feed ingredients such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, duction percent in 22-wk-old golden montazah pullets.
corn, and soybean as well as their by-products (Choct, However, these results were not always consistent. As
2006; Gunawardana et al., 2009). Moreover, there are reported by Chong et al. (2008), an enzyme mixture
different kinds of NSPs in different ingredients such contained mannanase and GT did not affect mean egg
as cellulose, arabinoxylans, β -glucans, inulin, and man- production in 28 wk age of hens. The inconsistent find-
nans (Steiner et al., 2007; Jackson, 2010). Therefore, a ing regarding egg production in hens could be due to the
concerted effort is needed to develop enzyme prepara- different feed ingredients, activity and concentration of
tions specific to different based diets for the optimum multi-enzyme, or ages of hens. Additionally, interaction
effects on not only growth performance but also prod- of different enzymes may also contribute to the incon-
uct performance. In order to improve the exogenous sistent results. Besides, in the present study, the incon-
enzyme activity and efficiency comprehensively, multi- secutive positive effects on egg production may be due
enzyme products with different NSP degrading ability to the age of hens that during early laying period egg
have received wide attention and applications in poultry production ratio increased rapidly (Guide, 2016).
feed industry (Silversides et al., 2006; Ao et al., 2009; The studies about the effect of NME on egg qual-
Shirzadi et al., 2009; Khan et al., 2011; Waititu et al., ity parameters in early phase hens are limited. Pre-
2018). So far, there is limited information on the effects viously, in a large experiment conducted with a total
of multi-enzyme in the early phase of laying hens. Thus, of 6,100 hens, Jackson et al. (1999) indicated that β -
the present study was to determine the effects of NME mannanase increased egg weight from 22 to 30 wk of
on production performance, egg quality parameters, nu- age. Furthermore, Khan et al. (2011) investigated that
trient digestibility, and excreta noxious gas emission in multi-enzyme including xylanase and β -glucanase im-
18 to 27 wk of age laying hens fed corn-SBM-DDGS- proved the HU values of egg during a 70 D feeding trial.
based diet. However, Deniz et al. (2013) reported that in hens of
The results of this study showed that the supple- 28 to 36 wk age, enzyme cocktail including β -glucanase
mentation of NME in the diet led to a linear in- activity had no effects on eggshell thickness, eggshell
 MULTI-ENZYMES IN EARLY LAYING HENS 4893
Table 3. Effects of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading multi-enzyme (NME) on egg quality in laying
hens.1

P-value
Items CON NME1 NME2 SEM2 SEM3 Duncan’s Linear Quadratic

Week 2
Egg weight, g 52.72 52.91 53.98 0.58 0.55 0.2287 0.1121 0.5174
Albumin height 7.41b 8.14a 8.29a 0.18 0.17 0.0011 0.0005 0.1745
Yolk color 6.16 6.35 6.20 0.08 0.08 0.2640 0.7562 0.1104
Haugh unit 74.16 75.97 76.26 1.49 1.47 0.5539 0.3182 0.6728
Eggshell strength, kg/cm2 3.01 3.05 3.19 0.09 0.09 0.3483 0.1704 0.6399
Eggshell color 12.03 11.77 11.90 0.25 0.26 0.7673 0.7166 0.5300
Eggshell thickness, mm−2 36.81 35.97 36.36 0.39 0.41 0.3527 0.4367 0.2250
Week 6
Egg weight, g 57.47a 55.43b 58.72a 0.66 0.64 0.0025 0.1743 0.0013
Albumin height 8.25 8.43 8.56 0.17 0.17 0.4262 0.1953 0.9053
Yolk color 6.42 6.49 6.53 0.09 0.09 0.7170 0.4262 0.8702
Haugh unit 84.10b 90.27a 93.22a 1.37 1.41 < .0001 < .0001 0.3547
Eggshell strength, kg/cm2 3.18 3.42 3.31 0.08 0.09 0.1381 0.2910 0.0905
Eggshell color 12.53a 12.27a 11.80b 0.14 0.14 0.0015 0.0004 0.5560
Eggshell thickness, mm−2 37.62 38.17 38.30 0.33 0.35 0.3550 0.1766 0.6336
Week 10
Egg weight, g 60.53 62.12 62.13 0.71 0.72 0.2093 0.1252 0.3768
Albumin height 8.35 8.47 8.39 0.16 0.16 0.8630 0.8347 0.6179
Yolk color 6.70 6.63 6.69 0.08 0.08 0.7903 0.3551 0.4960
Haugh unit 91.24 93.69 92.74 1.18 1.20 0.3530 0.3818 0.2511
Eggshell strength, kg/cm2 3.52 3.73 3.68 0.09 0.09 0.2165 0.2141 0.2160
Eggshell color 11.50 11.67 11.17 0.19 0.20 0.2090 0.2451 0.1804
Eggshell thickness, mm−2 38.78 39.24 39.16 0.36 0.38 0.6588 0.4887 0.5540
1
Abbreviation: CON, Basal diet; NME1, CON + 0.05% of NSP multi-enzyme; NME2, CON + 0.10% of NSP multi-enzyme.
2
Standard error of means (Duncan’s multiple range test).
3
Standard error of means (Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts).
a,b
Within a row, values not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Table 4. Effects of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading multi-enzyme (NME) on nutrient digestibility
in laying hens.1

P-value
Items, % CON NME1 NME2 SEM2 SEM3 Duncan’s Linear Quadratic

Dry matter 62.46 63.43 63.76 0.87 0.80 0.5071 0.2698 0.7498
Nitrogen 39.72b 41.07a,b 41.54a 0.70 0.52 0.0410 0.0286 0.5030
Gross energy 72.09 73.37 74.14 1.06 1.00 0.3677 0.1684 0.8414
1
Abbreviation: CON, Basal diet; NME1, CON + 0.05% of NSP multi-enzyme; NME2, CON + 0.10% of NSP multi-enzyme.
2
Standard error of means (Duncan’s multiple range test).
3
Standard error of means (Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts).
a,b
Within a row, values not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Table 5. Effects of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading multi-enzyme (NME) on gas emission in laying
hens.1

P-value
2 3
Items, ppm CON NME1 NME2 SEM SEM Duncan’s Linear Quadratic
a a,b b
Ammonia 44.80 40.84 40.25 1.02 1.23 0.0464 0.0395 0.3077
Hydrogen sulfide 5.73 5.43 4.70 0.45 0.39 0.2343 0.1093 0.6687
Total mercaptan 4.95 5.18 5.00 0.45 0.50 0.9456 0.9456 0.7536
1
Abbreviation: CON, Basal diet; NME1, CON + 0.05% of NSP multi-enzyme; NME2, CON + 0.10% of NSP multi-enzyme.
2
Standard error of means (Duncan’s multiple range test).
3
Standard error of means (Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts).
a,b
Within a row, values not sharing a common superscript are significantly different at P < 0.05.

breaking strength, and yolk color with the corn-SBM corn-SBM diets. It is known that HU value determines
based feed. Recently, Resende et al. (2017) reported albumen height and weight, and higher HU value of egg
that enzyme complex contenting of β -glucanases and means fresher and thicker egg white. The possible ex-
β -xylanases did not affect the shell, albumen, yolk, planation for the increased HU, albumen height, and
HU, and yolk index in 28 to 40 wk of age hens fed egg weight may be that GM and GT supplementation
4894 SUN AND KIM

hydrolyzed anti-nutritional galactomannan and galac- In conclusion, hen diets supplementation with in-
toside, decreased intestinal viscosity, and enhanced the creasing levels of NME improved the egg production
nutrient absorption (Dhawan and Kaur, 2007; El-Masry and egg quality, enhanced the ATTD of N, and de-
et al., 2017). creased the concentration of excreta NH3 emission. It
The digestibility of nutrients based on NME supple- is suggested that the supplementation of NME in early
mentation in early period laying hens has not been phase laying hen diets could reduce the atmospheric
reported; thus, no comparisons could be made. In a NH3 emissions which relieves environmental pressures
broiler growing trial conducted by Min et al. (2011), without negative effect on factors relevant to produc-
supplementation of enzymes mixture include xylanase, tion or product quality.
β -glucanase, mannanase, and GT did not affect GE di-
gestibility and crude protein utilization with corn-SBM CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
based diets. Lei et al. (2018) noted that hen diets sup-
plementation with xylanase on 44 to 56 wk of age failed We wish to confirm that there were no conflicts of
to enhance the digestibility of DM, N, and GE. How- interest associated with the publication.
ever, growing pigs fed corn-SBM diets with NSP en-
zymes had significant improvements in the digestibil- REFERENCES
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