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Math

1. The document presents various mathematical series expansions including Maclaurin series, arithmetic series, geometric series, and integer series. 2. It also covers topics like factorials, permutations, combinations, and binomial expansion. 3. Various trigonometric formulas are provided including sum and difference formulas, product formulas, and multiple angle formulas.

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Jitesh Gurav
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30 views4 pages

Math

1. The document presents various mathematical series expansions including Maclaurin series, arithmetic series, geometric series, and integer series. 2. It also covers topics like factorials, permutations, combinations, and binomial expansion. 3. Various trigonometric formulas are provided including sum and difference formulas, product formulas, and multiple angle formulas.

Uploaded by

Jitesh Gurav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maclaurin Series.

1. e x = 1 + x + x 2 / 2! + ... + x n / n! + ... for all x 2. sin x = x - x 3 / 3! + x 5 / 5! - x 7 / 7! + ... for all x 3. cos x = 1 - x 2 / 2! + x 4 / 4! - x 6 / 6! + ... for all x 4. ln(1 + x) = x - x 2 / 2 + x 3 / 3 -... + (-1) n+1 x n / n + ... for (-1 < x <= 1) 5. Tan x = x + (1/3) x 3 + (2/15) x 5 + (17/315) x 7 + ... for (-Pi/2 < x < Pi/2) 6. arcsin x = x + (1/2) x 3 / 3 + (1.3/2.4) x 5 / 5 + (1.3.5/2.4.6) x 7 / 7 + ... for (-1 < x < 1) 7. arctan x = x - x 3 / 3 + x 5 / 5 - ... for (-1 < x < 1) 8. sinh x = x + x 3 / 3! + x 5 / 5! + x 7 / 7! + ... for all x 9. cosh x = x + x 2 / 2! + x 4 / 4! + x 6 / 6! + ... for all x 10. arcsinh x = x - (1/2) x 3 / 3 + (1.3/2.4) x 5 / 5 - (1.3.5/2.4.6) x 7 / 7 + ... for (-1 < x < 1) 11. 1 / (1 - x) = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ... for (-1 < x < 1)

Arithmetic Series.
12. Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d)+...+(a + [n-1]d)

= (n/2)[first term + last term] = (n/2)[a + (a+[n - 1]d) = n(a + [n - 1]d)

Geometric Series.
13. Sn = a + a r + a r 2 + a r 3 +...+ a r n-1 = a (1 - r n)/(1 - r)

Integer Series.
14. 15. 15. 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = (1 / 2) n (n + 1) 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ... + n 2 = (1 / 6) n (n + 1)(2n + 1) 1 3 + 2 3 + 3 3 + ... + n 3 = [ (1 / 2) n (n + 1) ] 2

3. Factorial, Permutations and Combinations.


1. 2. n factorial = n ! = n.(n-1).(n-2)...2.1 Permuatations of n objects taken r at the time: n P r = n ! / [ (n - r) ! ] 3. Combinations of n objects taken r at the time: n C r = n ! / [ r ! (n - r) ! ]

4. Binomial Expansion (Formula).


1. If n is a positive integer, we can expand (x + y) n as follows (x + y) n = n C 0 x n + n C 1 x n - 1 y + n C 2 x n - 2 y 2 + ... + n C n y n The general term n C r is given by n C r = n ! / [ r ! (n - r) ! ]

5. Trigonometric Formulas.
Sum / Difference of Angles Formulas.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. cos(A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B cos(A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin(A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B tan(A + B) = [ tan A + tan B ] / [ 1 - tan A tan B] tan(A - B) = [ tan A - tan B ] / [ 1 + tan A tan B]

Sum / Difference of Trigonometric Functions Formulas.


7. 8. 9. 10. sin A + sin B = 2 sin [ (A + B) / 2 ] cos [ (A - B) / 2 ] sin A - sin B = 2 cos [ (A + B) / 2 ] sin [ (A - B) / 2 ] cos A + cos B = 2 cos [ (A + B) / 2 ] cos [ (A - B) / 2 ] cos A - cos B = - 2 sin [ (A + B) / 2 ] sin [ (A - B) / 2 ]

Product of Trigonometric Functions Formulas.


11. 12. 13. 14. 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B) 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) - sin (A - B) 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A - B) 2 sin A sin B = - cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)

Multiple Angles Formulas.


15. 16. 17. 18. sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos 2A = cos 2 A - sin 2 A = 2 cos 2 A - 1 = 1 - 2 sin 2 A sin 3A = 3 sin A - 4 sin 3 A cos 3A = 4 cos 3 A - 3 cos A

Power Reducing Formulas.


19. 19. sin 2 A = (1/2) [ 1 - cos 2A ] cos 2 A = (1/2) [ 1 + cos 2A ]

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