Military Institute of Science & Technology

Electrical Machine Lab

AEAV 210

Experiment No: 03

Experiment Name: Study the properties of DC Shunt Motor.

OBJECTIVE

 To study the torque vs. speed characteristics of a DC shunt motor.

 To calculate the efficiency of the DC shunt motor.

DISCUSSION

The speed of any DC motor depends mainly upon its armature voltage and the strength of the
magnetic field. In a shunt motor, the field winding, as well as the armature winding, is connected in
parallel (shunt) directly to the DC supply lines. If the DC line voltage is constant, then the armature
voltage and the field strength will be constant. It is, therefore, apparent that the shunt motor should run at
a reasonably constant speed.
The speed does tend to drop with an increasing load on the motor. This drop in speed is mainly
due to the resistance of the armature winding. Shunt motors with low armature winding resistance run at
nearly constant speeds.
Just like most energy conversion devices, the DC shunt motor is not 100% efficient. In other
words, all of the electric power which’s supplied to the motor is not converted into mechanical power.
The power difference between the input and output is dissipated in the form of heat, and constitutes what
are known as the “losses” of the machine. These losses increase with load, with the result that the motor
gets hot as it delivers mechanical power.
In this Experiment you will investigate the efficiency of a DC shunt motor.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

Sl No Name of the Equipment No/Set

1. Mobile Work Station 01
2. Power Supply 01
3. Connection Leads 01
4. DC Ammeter 01
5. DC Voltmeter 01
6. DC shunt motor 01
7. Dynamometer 01
8. Tachometer 01
9. Timing Belt 01

CAUTION!

High voltages are present in this Experiment! Do not make any connections with the power on! The
power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!

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PROCEDURE:

1. Using your Power Supply, DC Motor, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and Electrodynamometer,

connect the circuit shown in Figure-1.

CAUTION! DO NOT APPLY POWER AT THIS TIME!

Notice: that the motor is wired for shunt field operation and is connected to the variable DC
output of the power supply (terminals 7 and N). The electrodynamometer is connected to
the fixed 220 V ac output of the power supply (terminals 1 and N). Couple the
dynamometer to the DC Motor with the timing belt.
2. set the shunt field rheostat control knob at its full cw position (for maximum shunt field
excitation). Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.
3. Set the dynamometer control knob at its full ccw position(to provide a minimum starting
load for the DC Motor).
4. Turn on the power supply. Adjust the variable output voltage to 220 Vdc as indicated by
the meter. Note the direction of rotation; if it is not clockwise, turn off the power supply
and interchange the shunt field connections.

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 5. a. Adjust the shunt field rheostat for a no-load motor speed of 1500 r/min as indicated
on your tachometer. (Make sure that the voltmeter, connected across the input of your
circuit, indicates exactly 220 V dc).

Note: Do not change the field rheostat adjustment for the remainder of the experiment.

b. Measure the line current, as indicated by the ammeter, for a motor speed of 1500
r/min. Record this value in Table-1.

E (volts) TORQUE (N.m) I (amps) SPEED (r/min)

0
0.2
220 0.4
0.6
0.8
Table-1

Note: For an exact torque of 0 Nm uncouple the motor from the dynamometer.
6. a. Apply a load to your DC motor by varying the dynamometer control knob until the
scale marked on the stator housing indicates 0.2 Nm
(Readjust the power supply, if necessary, to maintain exactly 220Vdc).
b. Measure the line current and motor speed. Record these values in Table-1.
c. Repeat for each of the torque values listed in the Table, while maintaining a
constant 220 V dc input.
d. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
7. a. Plot the recorded motor speed values from Table-1 on the graph paper.
b. Draw a smooth curve through your plotted points.
c. The completed graph represents the speed vs torque characteristics of a typical DC
shunt-wound motor.
8. Calculate the speed vs. torque regulation =
Speed regulation = ______%
9. Set the dynamometer control knob at its full cw position (to provide the maximum starting
load for the shunt-wound motor).
10. a. Turn on the power supply and gradually increase the DC voltage until the motor is
drawing 1.5A of line current. The motor should turn very slowly or not at all.
b. Measure and record the DC voltage and the torque developed.
Torque = __________Nm
c. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Calculate the mechanical output power by the shunt-wound DC motor when the torque is 0.8
N.m. Pout (W) =
2. What is the input power (in watts) of the motor in Question1? Input power = ____W
3. Knowing the input and output power in watts, calculate the efficiency of the motor in Question
1. Efficiency = (power out/power in) x 100% Efficiency =______%
4. What are the losses (in watts of the motor in Question 1)? Losses = ______ W
5. List where some of these losses occur.
6. Give two reasons why losses are undesirable.
7. How much larger is the starting current than the normal full load current?

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