Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
Marawi National High School
Camiling, Tarlac

8ame: ___________________________________ SCORES

Section: 8 – ________________________ Drill 1 _______
Drill 2 _______
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN MATHEMATICS 8 (Week 8)
Learning Competency
Finds the probability of a simple event. (M8GE-IVh-1)
Probability of Simple Events
Simple Events
A set of outcomes is called an event while the set of all outcomes is called the sample space.
A Simple event is an event where all possible outcomes are equally likely to occur. So the probability of simple events will have
all possible outcomes equally likely to happen or occur. This likelihood can be expressed as a fraction, a decimal or in percent,
with zero being the probability of an impossible event, and one or a hundred percent, that of a sure or certain event.

Example
 When you toss a coin, there are two possible outcomes – heads or tails and the probability of heads or tails is equal. Similarly, when you
roll a die, you can get any of the numbers – 1 to 6, and the chance of any one of these numbers is equal to the others.
 The probability of drawing the ace of hearts from a deck of cards is 1/52, because there are 52 pieces of cards and there is one Ace of
hearts in a deck.
 Another example is tossing a coin 50 times and record the outcome (heads or tails) each time. And let us say heads occurred 28 times and
tails occurred 2 times. According to this experiment, the probability of heads occurring is given as
28 22
P(Heads)= P(Tails)=
50 50
 This is an example of experimental probability.

Experimental Probability
is a probability derived from a series of trials or experiments. The probabilities obtained from experimental probability may differ as we
increase the number of trials. In experimental probability we can use the formula

Number of event occurence

Probability of an event =
total number of observations
On the other hand, Theoretical Probability is where the number of outcomes is also a counting number but the outcomes are not equally
likely, the probability of a particular outcome may be obtained by getting the ratio of the number of units (count or measure) there is/are of such
outcomes, to the total number of units there are all outcomes. When all outcome are equally likely, then the theoretical probability of an event E
is given by

Number of favourable outcomes

Probability of an event =
total number of outcomes

n(E)
or P(E) =
n(S)
where n(E) = number of ways the event E can occur and n(S) = total number of possible outcomes.

Example
Probability of Simple Events

A committee has 8 females and 12 male members, what is the probability of choosing a female as the president of the committee?

Number of favourable outcomes (i. e females)

Probability of choosing a female president =
total number of outcomes (i. e all members)
8 2
P(choosing a female president) = ∨
20 5
Example

Probability of Simple Events

The numbers 1 to 10 are written on separate pieces of paper, folded and put in a box. One number (piece of paper) is drawn from this box.

a. What is the probability that the number chosen randomly is 3?

Sample space is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, so n(S) = 10

There is only one 3 in the box, so n(E) = 1

Marawi National High School
Page
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: [email protected]
1
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
Marawi National High School
Camiling, Tarlac

1
Hence, P(3) =
10

b. What is the probability that this randomly chosen number is even?

There are five even numbers in the box, so n(E) = 5

5 1
Hence, P(even number ) = ∨
10 2
Example
Probability of Simple Events

A bag has 3 green, 2 red, 5 purple, 10 white and 5 black marbles.

a. What is the probability of choosing a black marble?
Total marbles in the bag is 25. (3 + 2 + 5 + 10 + 5 = 25)
Total black marbles are 5
5 1
So, P(black) = ∨
25 5
b. What is the chance of picking a red or green marble?
The total number of green and red marble = 3 + 2
Total number of marbles = 25
5 1
So, P(red or green) = ∨
25 5
c. What is the probability of choosing a brown marble?
There are no brown marbles in the bag.
0
So, P(brown) = ∨0
25
d. What is the probability of choosing any colored marble?
Since there are 25 colored marbles in the bag, all the marbles are favored.
25
So, P(any colored marble) = ∨1
25

Example
Probability of Simple Events
Given a standard die, determine the probability for the following events when rolling the die one time.

a. P (5) (means probability of rolling 5)

First identify the sample space which is 6. The six outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
From the outcomes, there is only one #5 from the regular die. So there is a single chance in rolling 5.
1
Hence, P(5) =
6
b. P (even number)
From the outcomes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, there are 3 even numbers.
There are 6 samples space.
3 1
Hence, P(even numbers) = ∨
6 2
c. P (7)
There is no number 7 in a regular die.
Hence, P (7) = 0

Example
Probability of Simple Events

There are 4 blue marbles, 5 red marbles, 1 green marbles and 2 black marbles in a bag. Suppose you select one marble at random. Find the
probability.

a. P(black)
2 1
P(black) = ∨
12 6
Marawi National High School
Page
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: [email protected]
2
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
Marawi National High School
Camiling, Tarlac

b. P(not black)
10 5
P(not black) = ∨
12 6

c. P (not red or blue)

3 1
P(not red or blue) = ∨
12 4

Drill 1
Consider the following experiments.

1. A coin is flipped once.

a. How many possible outcomes are there?

b. What are these outcomes?

c. How many of these outcomes consist of a tail facing up?

d. What is the probability that the tail faces up? Explain.

e. Would you have the same answer in the case of a head? Explain.

2. The number cube below is rolled once.

2 1 2 1

a. What is the total number of possible outcomes?

b. What are these outcomes?

c. Marawi
Are these National
outcomes Highlike?
equally School
Explain.
Page
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: [email protected]
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
Marawi National High School
Camiling, Tarlac

d. What is the possibility that the number that faces up is

i. 1?_________ Why?

ii. 2?_________Why?

iii. 5?_________Why?

iv. Not 5?______Why?

Drill 2
Do as directed

1. Choose one of the following to describe the probability for each event or phrase.
A. 0
B. Between 0 and 0.5
C. About 0.5
D. Between 0.5 and 1
E. 1

_______ a. The full moon will occur on the date of the calendar indicates.

_______ b. Filipinos will win next year’s World Basketball Championships.

_______ c. Christmas will come before New Year’s.

_______ d. You will be the next Teacher of the Year Awardee.

_______ e. The next president of the Philippines will be another actor.

_______ f. A sure thing.

_______ g. Quite remote

_______ h. Not a chance

_______ i. Fifty-fifty

2. A spinner can land on any of the numbers 1 through 8 with equal likelihood. List the outcomes that match the following:

The spinner lands on a/an

a. Odd number. ____

b. Number greater than 10. _____

c. Prime Number. ________

d. Number divisible by 3 or 4. __________

e. Number between 2 and 7. _________

3. A box contains 11 cards printed with the letters of the word “Mississippi”, so that letter “M” is one card, letter “I” is printed on 4 cards, and so
on. A card is then drawn from the box.

a. How many possible outcomes are there? ________

b. What are these outcomes? _________

c. Are these outcomes equally likely? Explain. __________

d. What are the probability the card drawn is __________

Marawi National High School
Page
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: [email protected]
4
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III - Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
Marawi National High School
Camiling, Tarlac

i. a letter “I” ________ Why? _________

ii. a letter “P” ________ Why? _________

iii. not an letter “S” ________ Why? ________

Marawi National High School

Page
Marawi, Camiling, Tarlac
Contact No.: (045) 800-9003
Email Address: [email protected]
5