Difference between strong and weak semaphore Strong Semaphores: unblock the longest waiting process and guarantee freedom from starvation. Strong Semaphores: maintains FIFO queue Weak Semaphores: unblock without regard to order Weak Semaphores: maintains no guaranteed order of the queueMUTE VERSUS SEMAPHORE WU LGN Msp, A program object that allows multiple processes to take turns to share the same resource Locking mechanism errr An object Ory No categorization Teer) If the mutex is locked, the process that requests the lock waits until the system releases the lock Peer Process uses acquire() and release() to access and Br [aay enna SEMAPHORE A variable that is used to control access to a common resource by multiple Yael tie ercmoey Cee ces TE PSs Cota Cele eer multitasking operating Scat eames Signaling mechanism Peer An integer variable Perey ategorized as binary and counting semaphores If the semaphore value is Q, the process perform wait() operation until the semaphore becomes greater than 0 Bets e mur Omen sett O) omnes Ma Raa a vee). West)Itdivicks the physical memory into | @ divides the Computer's physical frames and program's address | memory and program's address 2 inte same sire pages. yoace ints seg The size of the page is specified by | The-sire of the segment is.specified the bardware, ery The ier, Ie enany head bo ingfercal Bomay lead to External fragmentation as the page Is of fragmentation as the memory Is Pagid Eick size. filed with the variable sizod. blinks. with frames from B ‘with plytical memory. Page table contains paye number Segment table contains segment and Trame eumber, eumber, length of segment and base address of segment from Paging consist of Static linking & | Sagment comist of Dynamic @ynamic keading Uniting & Gynamic Loading A page bs of physical unit A page Is of logical unitat 11:20 Answer: Sr, No. 1 vo) 0.50 <> tre Kile Following are the differences between multiprocessy and multiprogramming. Multiprocessing Multiprocessing refers to processing of multiple processes at same time by multiple CPUs. It utilizes multiple CPUs. It permits parallel Processing. Less time taken to process the jobs. It facilitates much efficient utilization of devices of the computer system. ‘Usually more expensive. Multiprogramming Multiprogramming keeps several programs in main memory at the same time and execute them concurrently utilizing single CPU. It utilizes single CPU, Context switching takes place. More Time taken to process the jobs. Less efficient than multiprocessing. Such systems are less expensive.USER LEVEL THREAD User thread are implemented by users. OS doesn't recognized user level threads. Implementation of User threads is easy, Context switch time is less. Context switch requires no hardware ‘support. If one user level thread perform blocking ‘operation then entire process will be blocked. Example : Java thread, POSIX threads. KERNEL LEVEL THREAD kernel threads are implemented by OS Kernel threads are recognized by OS. Implementation of Kernel thread is complicated. Context switch time is more. Hardware support is needed. If one kernel thread perform blocking operation then another thread can continue execution, Example : Window Solaris.Parameter Definition Lightweight Termination time Creation time Communication Context switching time Resource Treatment by OS Memory Sharing Process Process means a program is in execution. The processis not Lightweight. The process takes more time to terminate. It takes more time for creation. Communication between processes needs more time compared to thread. Ittakes more time for context switching. Process consume more resources. Different process are tread separately by Os. The processis mostly isolated. It does not share data Thread Thread means a segment of a process. Threads are Lightweight. The thread takes less time to terminate. It takes less time for creation. Communication between threads requires less time compared to processes. It takes less time for context switching. Thread consume fewer resources. All the level peer threads are treated asa single task by OS. Threads share memory. Threads share data with each other.