ACTUAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL SOLVED ALL NECTA QUESTIONS

Written by sir. Datius didas & Mr. Bahath Lyoba

CHEMISTRY ACTUAL PRACTICAL REVIEW
NECTA 2011-2021 FOR O-LEVEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NECTA 2011, Chemistry 2A (Actual Practical)........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Answer for necta 2011 2A. .............................................................................................................. 4
NECTA 2012, 2A .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Solution for necta 2012, chemistry 2A, .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution for qn.02...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn.3......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2013,2B ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Solution qn 01. .................................................................................................................................... 7
Solution qn 2...................................................................................................................................... 10
NECTA 2014, 2A (Actual Practical) ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 01& 02. .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2015, 2A .................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
SOLUTION QN 01. .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 2......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 03...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2016, 2A ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 1. ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 2 &3. ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2017, 2A ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
24HOURS ADVANCED INSRUCTIONS NECTA 2017, 2A.Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Solution qn.1 ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
SOLUTION QN 2.............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2018, 2A ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 1. ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2019, 2A .................................................................................................................................................. 10
24HOURS ADVANCED INSRUCTIONS NECTA 2019, 2A. .......................................................... 10
SOLUTION QN 1, .......................................................................................................................... 11
 SOLUTUIN QN.2 ........................................................................................................................... 13
NECTA 2020, 2A .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Solution qn 1. ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Solution qn.2. ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2020, 2B. .................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 1. ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
SOLUTION QN 2.............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2020, 2C. .................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 1. ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 2......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2021, 2A ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution Qn 1. ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Answer for qn 2. ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2021, 2B ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 1. ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution Qn 2. ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2021, 2C ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 1. ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Solution qn 2......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2022, 2A .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Solution Necta 2022, 2A Question 2 ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2022, 2B ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NECTA 2022, 2C ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHEMISTRY ACTUAL PRACTICAL REVIEW
NECTA 2011-2021 FOR O-LEVEL

NECTA 2011, Chemistry 2A (Actual Practical)

1. You are provided with the following
AA: A solution of 0.2M nitric acid (HNO3)
3
BB: A solution of 4.2g NaxCO3 per 0.5 dm of solution
MO: is methyl orange indicator.
Procedure
3 3
Put solution AA into the burette. Pipette 20 cm or 25 cm of solution BB in a
titration flask. Add two drops of methyl orange indicator into the titration flask.
Titrate solution BB against AA until the end point is reached. Record the
burette reading. Repeat the procedure to obtain three more readings and
record your results in tabular form.
Questions:
3
a) (i) Calculate the average titre volume. (ii)Summary:_________ cm of solution BB
3
required __________cm of solution AA for complete reaction.
b) If the mole ratio for the reaction is 1:1 find:
3 3
(i) Concentration of NaxCO3 in mol/dm and g/dm
(ii) Molecular mass of NaxCO3
(iii) Atomic mass of x and replace it in the formula NaxCO3
c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.
d) What is the significance of the indicator in this experiment?
e) Why is there colour change when enough acid has been added to the base?

Answer for necta 2011 2A.

Experimental results
3
 The volume of pipette used was 25 cm
3
 The volume of burette used was 50 cm
Table of results
Titration pilot 1 2 3
 Final burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 13.40 26.00 13.00 25.40
𝟑 0.30 13.40 0.50 13.00
Initial burette reading(𝒄𝒎 )
Volume used (𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 13.10 12.60 12.50 12.40
a) (i) the average volume of acid used, VA was given by
V1 + V2 + V3
VA =
3
(12.60 + 12.50 + 12.40)
VA = = 12.50cm3
3
The volume of acid used, VA = 12.50cm3
(ii) 25.00cm3 of solution BB
12.50cm3 of solution AA
b) (i) the concentration of Nax CO3 in g/dm3
mass in g
From concentration in g/dm3 = 3
volume in dm
3 4.2g
Concentration in g/dm = =8.4g/dm3
0.5 dm3
The concentration of Nax CO3 in g/dm3 =8.4g/dm3
 The concentration of Nax CO3 in mol/dm3 (molarity of base, MB)
Was given from neutralization of acid –base
MA VA nA
=
MB VB nB
Where,
Molarity of acid used, MA = 0.2 M
Volume of acid used, VA = 12.50 cm3
Volume of base used, VB = 25.00 cm3
Molarity of base used, MB = unknown
n 1
Mole ratio of acid to base, A = = 1
nB 1
MA VA ×nB
Then MB =
MB ×nA
0.2M×12.50cm3 ×1
MB = =0.10M
25.00cm3
The molarity of acid, MA = 0.10M

(ii) The concentration in mol/dm3 (molarity acid, MA)

Data given
Concentration of Nax CO3 in g/dm3 =8.4g/dm3
Molarity of Nax CO3 =0.1M
concentration in g/dm3
From, molar mass=
molarity
 8.4g/dm3
Molar mass= =84g/mol
0.1mol/dm3
The molar mass of Nax CO3 =84g/mol
(iii) The atomic mass of X in Nax CO3 , was obtained from
M (Nax CO3 ) = 84g/mol
23+X+12+(3×16)=84
83+X=84
X=84-83=1
The atomic mass if X =1
 An element with atomic mass 1 is hydrogen (H)
 The formula of BB in replace X is NaHCO3

c) Equation for the reaction

𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻2 0(𝑙) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔)
d) The colour change occur at the end point (when reaction completion) At the
end point an indicator colour change was from yellow to pink. The colour at
starting point (basic medium) was Yellow then at equivalent point (end point)
was turned to Pink when acid used in excess (acidic medium) colour was red
e) Because the reaction was reached completion – equal proportional of acid to
base.

NECTA 2012, 2A
1. You are provided with the following solutions;
TZ: Containing 3.5g of impure sulphuric acid in 500 cm3 of solution;
LO: Contain 4g of sodium hydroxide in 1000 cm3 of solution
Phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators.
Questions
NECTA 2013,2B
1. You are provided with the following solutions:
T: Containing 1.825 g of hydrochloric acid in 0.50 dm3 of solution.
Z: Containing 3.575 g of pure hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O
per 0.25 dm3 of solution.
Methyl orange indicator
Questions
(a) Is the use of phenolphthalein indicator for this experiment as suitable as the methyl
orange? Give a reason for your answer.
(b) Titrate the acid (in a burette) against the base (in a conical flask) using two
drops of indicator and obtain three titre values.
 (c) (i)___cm3 of acid required___cm3 of base for complete reaction
(ii) With state symbols, write a balanced molecular equation and the
corresponding ionic equation for the reaction between T and Z
(d) Showing your procedures clearly, determine the value of x in the formula
Na2CO3.XH2O and hence name the compound.

Solution qn 01.
(a) The colour change the end point from yellow to pink, when acid used in excess
colour turn to red.
(b) The volume of pipette used was 20 cm3
The volume of burette used was 50 cm3
Table of results
Titration pilot 1 2 3
𝟑 20.30 20.20 20.00 30.00
Final burette reading(𝒄𝒎 )
Initial burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 0.00 0.20 0.00 10.00
Volume used (𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 20.30 20.00 20.00 20.00
The average volume of acid used, VA was given by
V1 + V2 + V3
VA =
3
(20.00 + 20.00 + 20.00)
VA = = 20.00cm3
3
The volume of acid used, VA = 20.00cm3
(c) i)20.00cm3 of acid required 20.00 cm3 of base for complete reaction
(ii) Balanced chemical reaction was
Na2 CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + 2H2 O(l)
The ratio of acid na:nb=1:2
The ionic equation was
2Na+(aq) + CO2− + − + −
3(aq) + 2H(aq) + 2Cl(aq) → 2Na(aq) + 2Cl(aq) + 2H2 O(l) +CO2(g)
CO2− +
3(aq) + 2H(aq) → H2 O(l) + CO2(g)
(d) to find the value of X , from
conc of hydrated compound molar mass of hydrated compound
=
conc of un hydrated compound molar mass of unhydrated compound
Thus,
Molar mass of hydrated compound M ( Na2CO3.XH2O) =46+12+48+18X
=106+18X

Molar mass of un hydrated compound (Na2CO3.)=46+12+48=106g/mol

 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
The concentration of hydrated compound =𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

Where

Mass of hydrated sodium carbonate in g = 3.575 g

Volume dissolved in dm3 = 0.25 dm3

Concentration of hydrated sodium carbonate =

Concentration in g/dm3 = 3.575 g

0.25 dm3
The concentration of hydrated sodium carbonate = 14.3 g/dm3
(ii) To find the molarity of acid used, MA
We must find First, concentration of acid in g/dm3
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
1.825
=3.65g/dm3
0.5
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑
Then, molarity= 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
But molar mass of HCl=36.5g/mol
3.65𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
Molarity of acid = 36.5𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 0.1𝑚𝑜𝑙
(iii) The molarity of base was obtained from
MA VA nA
=
MB VB nB
Where,
Molarity of acid used, MA = 0.1 M
Volume of acid used, VA = 20.00 cm3
Volume of base used, VB = 20.00 cm3
Molarity of base used, MB = unknown
n 2
Mole ratio of acid to base, A = = 2
nB 1
MA VA ×nB
Then MB =
MB ×nA
0.1M×20.00cm3 ×1
MB = =0.05M
20.00cm3 ×2
The molarity of Base, MB = 0.05M
(iv) The concentration of unhydrated of base=
We must have, molarity of base=0.05M
Molar mass of unhydrated compound=106g/mol
So concentration =molarity ×molar mass
 CONTACT NUMBER
=0.05×106=5.3g/dm 3
The concentration of unhydrated compound =5.3g/dm 3
(v) The value of x was obtained from
conc of hydrated compound molar mass of hydrated compound
=
conc of un hydrated compound molar mass of unhydrated compound
14.3 106+18X
= =10
5.3 106
the value of X was 10.
(vi) The chemical formula was
Chemical name: sodium carbonate dehydrated
2. You are provided with the following:
L1: 0.5M sodium thiosulphate (Na2 S2 O3 )
L2:0.10M hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Theory:
When a solution of a sodium thiosulphate is mixed with hydrochloric acid, they react
quantitatively and gradually the solution become opaque
Procedures:
(i) Write clear letter X on a white piece of paper
(ii) Place a 100cm 3 beaker on top of letter X such that letter X is visible when viewed
from the above.
(iii) Using measuring cylinder, measure 25cm 3 of L1 and por into the 100cm3 beaker
in (ii) above
(iv) Measure 25cm 3 of L2 and poured into a beaker containing solution L1 in (iii)
above and immediately start the stop watch/clock
(v) Shake the reaction mixture one once and record the time for letter X to disappear
completely
(vi) Repeat step (ii) to (v) by varying volume L1 and distilled water as indicated in
table 1.
Table of results.
Volume of L1 Volume of Volume of Time Rate of reaction(1/t),
(cm3) Water in (cm3) L2 (s) (s-1)
(cm3)
25 0 25
20 5 25
15 10 25
10 15 25
5 20 25
Questions.
(a) What is the aim of the experiment?
(b) Complete filling in the data in the table.
(c) (i) What cause letter X to be obscured?
 CONTACT NUMBER
(ii) Write the electronic configuration of the product which cause the solution to
cloud letter X
(d) With state symbols, write the ionic equation for the reaction between L1 and L2.
(e) Plot a graph of volume of L1 (Y-axis against Rate of reaction (s-1), X-axis).
(f) What can you conclude from the graph?

Solution qn 2.
(a) The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of concentration to the rate
of chemical reaction between solution L1 and L2.
(b) Table of results.
Volume of L1 Volume of Volume of Time Rate of reaction(1/t),
(cm3) Water in (cm3) L2 (s) (s-1)
(cm3)
25 0 25.8 15 0.063
20 5 25 25 0.040
15 10 25 27 0.037
10 15 25 40 0.025
5 20 25 75 0.013
(c) (i) Letter x disappear due to the formation of sulphur which is sold and obscure
the visibility of letter X
(ii) The electronic configuration of the product which are (sulphur) that cause the
solution to cloud are 2:8:6
(d) Na2 S2 o3(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + H2 O(l) + S(s) + SO2(g)
2Na+ + S2 02− + − + −
3 + H + 2NO3 → 2Na + 2NO3 + H2 O + S + SO2(g)
The ionic equation was,
S2 O2− +
3(aq) + 2H(aq) → H2 O(l) + Ss + SO2(g)

NECTA 2019, 2A
CHEMISTRY 2A
(ACTUAL PRACTICAL, A)
24HOURS ADVANCED INSRUCTIONS NECTA 2019, 2A.
PREPARATION AND LABELING OF CHEMICALS.
Question 1.
 Prepare 0.1M NaOH solution and label it AA, allow 150cm3 per candidate
 Prepare 0.1M HCl solution and label it BB, allow 150cm3 per candidate.
 Provide each candidate with Methyl orange indicator, MO,
 Provide each candidate with 1 burette, 1 conical flask, 1 pipette (20cm3 0r 25cm3 ), white tile, 1
 CONTACT NUMBER
retort stand and a clamp
Question2.
 Provide each candidate with 7 boiling test tubes and a test tube rack
 Provide 3g CuCO3 Per candidate label it V
 Provide 200cm3 distilled water per candidate.
 Provide concentrated H2 SO4 on the front bench, to be monitored closely.
 Provide dilute HCl, FeSO4 , Ca(OH)2, NH3 solution.MgSO4 Solution and NaOH as bench reagents.
 Provide 2 strips of both blue and red litmus paper
 Provide source of heat for sharing in the ratio of 1:4
CONFIDENTIAL
NECTA 2019, 2A
1. You are required to determine the purity of an impure NaoH solution contaminated with
NaCl by using pure HCl. Give the following solutions;
AA: 1.1g of the impure NaOH dissolved in 0.25dm3 of solution and
BB: 0.73g of pure HCl present in a 0.2dm3 of solution.
Procedure;
Titrate the acid (in a burette) against the impure NaOH (in a conical flask) using two drops
of methyl orange (MO) as an indicator. Record the volume of an acid used. Repeat the
titration of obtain three more titre values and record your results in a tabular form
Questions;
(a) How much volume of the acid was required to neutralize completely 20 cm3 or
25 cm3 of the base?
(b) Write a balance chemical equation for this reaction
(c) Calculate the molarity of the acid and that the base.
(d) Calculate the percentage purity of the base NaOH.
(e) What is the percentage by mass of NaCl?
SOLUTION QN 1,

Table of results
Titration pilot 1 2 3
Final burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 25.10 25.00 25.20 24.80
Initial burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 0.00 0.00 00.00 00.00
Volume acid used (𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 25.10 25.00 25.20 24.80

(a). The average volume of acid used, VA was given by

V1 + V2 + V3
VA =
3
(25.00 + 25.20 + 24.80)
VA = = 25.00cm3
3
 CONTACT NUMBER
The volume of acid used, VA = 25.00cm3
(a) HCl (aq) + Na OH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
concentration in g/dm3
(b) molarity of acid =
molar mass g/mol
Then
mass
The concentration of an acid is given by =
volume
0.73g
conc. acid = 3
= 3.65𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
0.2𝑑𝑚
Hence
3.65 g/dm3
molarity = = 0.1mol/dm3
36.5 g/mol
Molarity of acid (Ma) = 0.1mol/dm3
Given that;
Molarity of acid used, MA = 0.1 M
Molarity of base used, MB = unknown
Volume of base used, VB = 25.00 cm3
Volume of acid used, VA = 25.00 cm3
Mole ratio of acid to base, nA/nB = 1/1
From
MA VA nA
=
MB VB nB
The molarity of base was obtained from this equation
M V ×n
Then MB = A A B
MB ×nA
0.1M×25.00cm3 ×1
MB = =0.1M
25.00cm3 ×1
The molarity of base, MB = 0.1M
(c) to calculate the percentage purity of base (NaOH)
Concentration of pure
Percentage purity =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 × 100%
Then, the concentration of pure base=molarity of base × molar mass
Conc.of pore base=0.1×40
Concentration of pure base was 4g 𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
Also
mass
The concentration of impure base =
volume
1.1g
conc. of impure base = 3
= 4.4𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
0.25𝑑𝑚
4.0
× 100% = 90.9%
Percentage purity =
4.4
𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯 = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟗%
Then, percentage of impure=100%-percentage of pure base
 CONTACT NUMBER
Percentage of impure=100%-90’9%=9.1%
Percentage of impure base =9.1%
2. Sample V is a simple salt containing one cation and one anion. Carefully carry out all the
experiments described in the Table. Record all your observations and make appropriate
inferences to identify the cation and anion present in sample V.
Table 2.
s/n Experiments observation Inference

(a)
Appearance of sample V.

(b)
To a small portion of a dry sample in a test tube add enough
amount of distilled water. warm if insoluble

(c)
To a small portion of a dry sample in dry test tube add
concentrated H2SO4 acid

(d)
To a small portion of a dry sample in a dry test tube, heat gently
and then strongly until no further change
(e)
Put a small portion of sample in a dry test tube followed by dilute
HCl acid. Divide the solution into three portions
(i) To one portion add NaOH till inexcess
(ii) To the second portion add a few drops of
MgS04 solution. If no precipitate warm the
contents
(iii) To the third portion add ammonia solution
till in excess.

Conclusion
(a) (i) the cation in sample V is and anion is
(ii) The name of sample V is
(iii) The chemical formula of sample V is
(b) With the aid of a balanced ionic equation, explain the effect of the dilute HCl to the
Sample V in experiment (e).
SOLUTUIN QN.2
SAMPLE V given was copper carbonate (CuCO3)
Table 2.
s/n Experiments observation Inference

(a)
Appearance of sample V. Blue or green Cu2+may be present

(b)
To a small portion of a dry sample in a test
Soluble forming Cu2+may be present
blue
tube add enough amount of distilled water. solution
warm if insoluble
(c) Effervescence
To a small portion of a dry sample in dry test of a CO32-, HCO3-may be
tube add concentrated H2SO4 acid colourless gas evolves present
which turns lime water
milk and wet litmus paper
from blue to red
 CONTACT NUMBER
(d)
To a small portion of a dry sample in a dry test
Colourless Cl- of hydrated Zn2+, Cu2+,
gas evolves,
tube, heat gently and then strongly until no which gives dense white 2+ 2+
Fe ,Fe salts may be
further change fumes with ammonia
present
solution.
(e) Effervescence
Put a small portion of sample in a dry test tube of a CO32- HCO3-may be present
followed by dilute HCl acid. Divide the colourless gas evolves
solution into three portions which turns lime water
milk and wet litmus paper
from blue to red
(iv) To one portion add NaOH till Blue
in precipitate is formed Cu2+may be present
excess insoluble in excess
(v) To the second portion add a few CO32- confirmed
White precipitate is formed
drops of MgS04 solution. If nobeforewarming the contents.
precipitate warm the contents
(vi) To the third portion add ammonia
Pale blue precipitate Cu2+ confirmed
solution till in excess. soluble in excess of
aqueous ammonia forming
deep blue solution
Conclusion
(a) (i) the cation in sample V is Cu2+ and anion is CO32-
(ii) The name of sample V is copper carbonate
(iii) The chemical formula of sample V is CuCO3
(b) With the aid of a balanced ionic equation, explain the effect of the dilute HCl to the
Sample V in experiment (e).
2HCl (aq) + CuCO3 (aq) CuCl2(aq) + H2O(L)+CO2 (g)
In ionic equation
2H++2Cl-+Cu2++CO32- Cu2++2Cl-+ H2O+CO2-
2H+ +CO32- H2O+CO2-
Copper carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce copper (ii) chloride and
carbonic acid, which quickly decomposes into water and carbon dioxide (it decomposes nearly
instantly). Copper (ii) chloride will be present as the dehydrate, blue, soluble substance,
anhydrous copper chloride is brown, but turns blue as it absorbs atmospheric moisture.
NECTA 2020, 2A
1. You are required to standardize dilute hydrochloric acid using standard aqueous sodium
carbonate of 0.1M concentration. Proceed as follows.
3
(i) Pour a small amount (about 2cm ) of solutions AX and AY into separate
test tubes and add two drops of phenolphthalein (POP) or methyl orange
(MO) indicator to identify the dilute hydrochloric acid and 0.1M sodium
carbonate solution given.
(ii) Fill the burette with the acid solution.
3 3
(iii) Using a pipette, measure out 20 cm or 25 cm of the base solution and put
it into a clean titration or conical flask.
 CONTACT NUMBER
(iv) Titrate the acid (in the burrette) against thee base using two drops of methyl
orange (MO) as an indicator and obtain three titre volumrd. Record your
results in a tabular form.
Questions.
(a) What is an acid or base between AX and AY?
(b) What is the mean litre volume of the acid?
(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
(d) Calculate the molarity of the acid.
(e) Calculate the mass of the acid dissolved in one litre of the solution.
(a) AX is an acid (Dilute hydrochloric acid) solution because when two
drops of phenolphthalein (POP) was added into solution AX there is
no colour observed (colourless). Also when methyl orange (MO)
indicator was added pink colour was observed.
AY is a base (sodium silphate) solution because when two drops of
phenolphthalein (POP) was added into solution AY, pink colour was
observed. Also when methyl orange (MO) indicator was added yellow
colour was observed.
Solution qn 1.
(b) The mean volume of the acid.
Table of results
Titration pilot 1 2 3
Final burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 25.10 25.00 25.30 24.80
Initial burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 0.00 0.00 00.00 00.00
Volume acid used (𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 25.10 25.00 25.20 24.80

The average volume of acid used, VA was given by

V1 + V2 + V3
VA =
3
(25.00 + 25.30 + 24.80)
VA = = 25.10cm3
3
The volume of acid used, VA = 25.10cm3
(c) The balanced chemical equation for reaction was:
Na2 CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2 O(l)
Na:Nb=2:1
(d) The molarity of acid was obtained from
Molarity of acid used, MA = ?
Molarity of base used, MB = 0.1
Volume of base used, VB = 25.00 cm3
Volume of acid used, VA = 25.00 cm3
Mole ratio of acid to base, nA/nB = 2/1
 CONTACT NUMBER
From
MA VA nA
=
MB VB nB
The molarity of base was obtained from this equation
M V ×n
Then MA = B B A
MA ×nB
0.1M×25.00cm3 ×2
MB = =0.2M
25.10cm3 ×1
The molarity of acid, Ma = 0.2M
(e) The mass of the acid dissolved in one litre of the solution
From
𝑔
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛( )
𝑑𝑚3
Molarity = 𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ( )
𝑚𝑜𝑙
Molar mass of HCl acid was 36.6g/mol
Molarity of acid =0.2mol/𝑑𝑚3
So conc of acid =0.2mol/𝑑𝑚3 × 36.6𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 =7.32𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑔)
Then , from concentration = 3 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑑𝑚 )
Thus mass of acid dissolved in one litre
=𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐.× 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑑𝑚3 )
7.32g/dm3 × 1𝑑𝑚3 = 7.32𝑔
Thus mass of acid dissolved in one litre was 7.32g

2. You are provided with the following:

P1: 0.50M sodium thiosulphate.
P2: 0.10M hydrochloric acid.
P3: Distilled water

NECTA 2022, 2A
1. You are provided with solutions A and D. One of those is acidic, and the other is a basic solution. The
basic solution was made by dissolving 3.5 g of impure sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a distilled water,
making up a solution of a litre. The acidic solution was 0.03 M sulphuric acid (H2SO4).
Procedure
(i) Pour about 1 cm3 of solution A into a test tube and use litmus paper to a test if it is an acid or a
base.
(ii) Discard the content and wash the test tube.
(iii)Repeat the procedures (i) and (ii) using a solution D.
 CONTACT NUMBER
(iv) Titrate the acid solution (in a burrete) against the base solution (in a titration flask) using methyl
orange (MO) as an indicator up to the end point.
(v) Repeat the step (iv) to obtain three more readings and record the results in a tabular form.
Questions
(a) (i) What was the volume of the pipette used?
(ii) What was the colour change at the end point?
(iii) Calculate the average volume of the acid used to neutralize the base.
(a) Write a balance chemical equation for the neutralization reaction between solution A and D.
(b) Calculate the percentage purity of sodium hydroxide.
Solution necta 2022, 2A Question 1
(a) (i)The volume of pipette used was 25.00cm3
(ii)The colour change from orange to red
Table of results
Titration pilot 1 2 3
𝟑 38.20 47.60 42.60 37.30
Final burette reading(𝒄𝒎 )
Initial burette reading(𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 0.00 10.00 5.00 00.00
Volume acid used (𝒄𝒎𝟑 ) 38.20 37.60 37.60 37.30
(i) The average volume of acid used, VA was given by
V1 + V2 + V3
VA =
3
(37.60 + 37.60 + 37.30)
VA = = 37.50cm3
3
The volume of acid used, VA = 37.50cm3
Balanced chemical equation for the reaction
2NaO𝐻(aq) + 2H2 𝑆𝑂4 (aq) → 2Na2 𝑆𝑂4 (aq) + 2H2 O(l)

The molarity of base (Mb) was required

From
Ma Va nA
=
Mb Vb nB
Where,
Molarity of acid (Ma) =0.03mol
Volume of acid (Ma) = 37.50cm3
Volume of base (Vb) = 25.00 cm3
Number of base (nB) =2
Number of acid (Na) =1
 CONTACT NUMBER
3
Molarity of Base (Mb) = mol/dm
Then make Ma the subject, will be
MA V𝐴 × nB
MB =
VB × nA
0.03M×37.50cm3 ×2
MA = =0.09M
25.00cm3 ×1
Molarity of Base (Mb) = 0.09M
concentration
(ii) molar mass = molarity
Then from

mass 3.5𝑔
concentration = = = 3.5𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
volume 1𝑑𝑚3
concentration
Hence molar mass = molarity
Molar mass of NaOH=23(1) + 16(1) + 1(1)
23 + 16 + 1 = 40𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑠 40𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
40𝑔
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 0.09𝑀 ×
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 3.6𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚, 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = × 100%
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒
3.6𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = × 100% = 102.8%
3.5𝑔/𝑑𝑚3
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑤𝑎𝑠 102.8%

2. You are provided with the following

LL; A solution of 0.13M Na2 S2 O3 (sodium thiosulphate)
NN; A solution of 2M HCl,
Distilled water, stop watch and A sheet of white paper marked X
Procedure
(i) Measure 20 cm3 of solution LL and put it into a 100 cm3 beaker.
(ii) Place the beaker containing solution LL on the top of letter X drawn on a sheet of
paper.
(iii) Measure 10cm3 of solution NN; put it into a beaker containing solution LL and
immediately start the stopwatch. Swirl the beaker with contents twice
(iv) Look down vertically through the mouth of the beaker so as to see the cross at the
bottom of the beaker. Stop the clock when the letter X is invisible.
 CONTACT NUMBER
(v) Record the time taken for the letter X to disappear completely.
(vi) Repeat the experiment using the data shown in the following table.
Table of results.
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