COMSATS UNIVERSITY OF ISLAMABAD, ISLAMABAD CAMPUS
Object Oriented Program
Lab # 03: Class Scope and Accessing Class Members
Name Maryam Khaliq
Registration Number FA22-BEE-115
BEE-3C
Class
Asma Bibi
Instructor’s Name
Lab Assessment
Post Lab Total
In-Lab Data Presentation Data Analysis Writing Style
➢ Objectives
The objective of this lab is to teach the students, the scope of class data members and its
member functions
• Class Scope
Class variables and class methods are associated with a class. An instance of the class (object) is not
required to use these variables or methods. Class methods cannot access instance variables or methods,
only class variables and methods.
• Instance Scope
Instance variables and instance methods are associated with a specific object. They can access class
variables and methods.
• Private Scope
Private variables and private methods are only accessible to the object they are contained in.
• Protected Scope
Protected variables and protected methods are accessible by the class they are in and inheriting classes
(sub classes) only.
• Public Scope
Public variables and public methods are accessible outside the object they are contained in. They are
accessible to any other object.
• Encapsulation
The process of providing a public interface to interact with the object while hiding information inside the
object is called encapsulation.
➢ EXAMPLES:
The following program illustrates the usage of objects and classes in C++.
The program uses public member functions to input two private numbers, add
two private numbers and display the result.
▪ CODE:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class add
{
private:
int iNum1, iNum2, iNum3;
public:
void input(int iVar1, int iVar2)
{
cout<<"Functions to assign values to the member data"<<endl;
iNum1=iVar1;
iNum2=iVar2;
}
void sum(void)
{
cout<<"Functions to find the sum of two numbers"<<endl;
iNum3=iNum1+iNum2;
}
void disp(void)
{
cout<<"The sum of the two numbers is "<<iNum3<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
add A1;
int iX, iY;
cout<<"Input two numbers"<<endl;
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
A1.input(iX, iY);
A1.sum();
A1.disp();
system("pause");
}
▪ OUTPUT:
➢ IN LAB TASKS:
1. Code the example given above and check the errors if you try to access the private
data members in main() function.
▪ CODE:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class add {
private:
int iNum1, iNum2, iNum3;
public:
void input(int iVar1, int iVar2) {
cout<<"Functions to assign values to the member data"<<endl;
iNum1=iVar1;
iNum2=iVar2;
}
void sum(void) {
cout<<"Functions to find the sum of two numbers"<<endl;
iNum3=iNum1+iNum2;
}
void disp(void) {
cout<<"The sum of the two numbers is "<<iNum3<<endl;
}
};
int main(){
add A1;
int iX, iY;
cout<<"Input two numbers"<<endl;
cin>>iX;
cin>>iY;
A1.iNum1;
A1.iNum2;
A1.iNum3;
A1.input(iX, iY);
A1.sum();
A1.disp();
return 0;
}
▪ OUTPUT:
2. Modify the above task by making the scope of public member functions as
private.
Create access functions in public scope to access private member functions
from
main().
▪ CODE:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class add {
private:
int iNum1, iNum2, iNum3;
void input(int iVar1, int iVar2) {
cout<<"Functions to assign values to the member data"<<endl;
iNum1=iVar1;
iNum2=iVar2;
}
void sum(void) {
cout<<"Functions to find the sum of two numbers"<<endl;
iNum3=iNum1+iNum2;
}
void disp(void) {
cout<<"The sum of the two numbers is "<<iNum3<<endl;
}
public :
void addition()
{cout<<"Enter two numbers:"<<endl;
cin>>iNum1>>iNum2;
input(iNum1,iNum2);
sum();
disp(); }
};
int main(){
add A1;
A1.addition();
return 0;
}
▪ OUTPUT:
3. Code the example given above and include a private constructor in the class. Create
objects of this class. Test the code and write down how the constructor will be called
or unable to be called?
▪ CODE:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class add
{
private:
int iNum1, iNum2, iNum3;
add()
{
cout<<"This is a constructor"<<endl;
}
public:
void input(int iVar1, int iVar2)
{
cout<<"Functions to assign values to the member data"<<endl;
iNum1=iVar1;iNum2=iVar2;
}
void sum(void)
{
cout<<"Functions to find the sum of two numbers"<<endl;
iNum3=iNum1+iNum2;
}
void disp(void)
{
cout<<"The sum of the two numbers is "<<iNum3<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
add A1;
A1.add();
return 0;
}
▪ OUTPUT:
➢ HOME TASK:
Create a class of subtraction having two private data members. Create class methods
to get data from users and for subtraction of data members. Use appropriate access
modifiers for class methods.
▪ CODE:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class subtraction
{
private:
int num1,num2,num3;
public:
void input()
{
cout<<"Enter The first Number:";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"\nEnter The second Number:";
cin>>num2;}
void sub()
{
cout<<"\nFunctions to find the subtraction of two numbers"<<endl;
num3=num1-num2;
}
void disp()
{
cout<<"\nThe subtraction of the two numbers is "<<num3<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
subtraction s1;
s1.input()
;s1.sub();
s1.disp();
return 0;
}
▪ OUTPUT:
➢ CONCLUSION:
I gained knowledge of a program's public and private scope in this lab. I observed that because
private data members are under private scope and cannot be accessed in main, if we attempt to
access them in main, an error would be displayed. I also learned how to define functions outside
of class. I also saw if we try to access private constructor in main it will also give an error
because there is an other method to call private constructor in main. I learned methods to access
members functions and data members. This lab helped me understand the concepts behind the
public and private scope of C++.
