SCHOOL OF LEADERSHIP & GOVERNANCE
EDUCATE. EMPOWER. INNOVATE
Physical Sciences
Grade 10
Term 3
Presenter: Mkhize A
OBJECTIVE OUTCOME
1.1. Provide quality teaching and Preliminary programmes assessment
learning programmes that respond has been conducted;
STRATEGIC GOAL1: to our clients’ strategies and needs
Programmes and materials
Standardisation in progress
Provide quality
teaching and
1.2. Teacher Development Strategy that
learning guides programme delivery and
ensures we meet the needs of
programmes that educators
respond to our
1.3. E- Learning Strategy that propels
clients’ strategies MGSLG to 21st Century and beyond
and needs teaching practices
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Matthew Goniwe School of
Leadership and Governance
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL
CHANGE
I. Atomic mass and Mole concept
II. Molecular and Formula masses
III. Determining the composition of
substances.
IV. Molar volume of gases
V. Basic Stoichiometric calculations
OUR FOCUS
❖ Teachers are expected to develop their questions and marking
guidelines for their class. The teachers will moderate each other’s
tasks and provide feedback to each other on their assessment
activities.
❖ Project Based Learning is encouraged.
❖ Activities will be in line with what is assessment for learning, what is
the purpose for it and why are we using it in our teaching.
❖ Focus on teaching tips or methodology on how to deliver the topics.
❖ The training activities have sessions where the teachers develop
lessons, use real-life case studies, model the lessons to each other, and
provide each other with feedback on how to teach.
OUR FOCUS
1. Activities follow the format of AIM, METHOD ON HOW TO COMPLETE
AND PRESENT AND REFLECTION.
2. Learning Recovery Program – Pre-knowledge and Baseline
3. Post-training
4. Energizers – in between
TOPIC OBJECTIVES
Atomic mass and the mole concept
➢ Describe the mole as the SI unit for amount of substance.
➢ Define one mole as the amount of substance having the same
number of particles as there are atoms in 12 g carbon-12.
➢ Define relative atomic mass as the mass of a particle on a
scale where an atom of carbon-12 has a mass of 12.
➢ Describe Avogadro's number, 𝑁𝐴 , as the number of particles
(atoms, molecules, formula-units) present in mole
(𝑁𝐴 = 6,023 x 1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 ).
TOPIC OBJECTIVES, continues…
➢ Define molar mass as the mass of one mole of a substance
measured in g·mol−1
➢ Describe the relationship between molar mass and relative
molecular mass and relative formula mass.
➢ Calculate the molar mass of a substance given its formula.
➢ Molecular and formula masses
➢ Calculate mass, molar mass and number of moles according to
m
the relationship, n=M.
➢ Determine the empirical formula for a given substance from
percentage composition.
➢ Define an empirical formula as the simplest whole-number
ratio of atoms in a compound.
TOPIC OBJECTIVES, continues…
➢ Determine the number of moles of water of crystallisation in
salts like AℓCl3 ·nH2 O .
➢ Define water of crystallisation as water that is
stoichiometrically bound into a crystal, e.g. the H2 O in
CuSO4 ·5H2 O .
➢ Determining the composition of substances
➢ Determine percentage composition of an element in a
compound.
➢ Percentage composition is the mass of each atom present in a
compound expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the
compound.
➢ Define concentration as the number of moles of solute per
cubic decimetre of solution.
•
TOPIC OBJECTIVES, continues…
𝑛
➢ Calculate concentration in mol·dm−3 using, c=𝑉.
Molar volume of gases
➢ State Avogadro's law, i.e., one mole of any gas occupies the
same volume at the same temperature and pressure.
➢ At STP: 1 mole of any gas occupies 22,4 d𝑚3 at 0 °C (273 K)
and 1 atmosphere (101,3 kPa). Thus, the molar gas volume,
𝑉𝑀 , at STP = 22,4 d𝑚3 ∙𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 .
➢ Interpret balanced equations in terms of volume relationships
for gases, i.e., under the same conditions of temperature and
pressure, equal number of moles of all gases occupies the
same volume.
TOPIC OBJECTIVES, continues…
Basic stoichiometric calculations
➢ Perform stoichiometric calculations based on balanced equations.
These may include calculations based on concentration, mass,
moles, molar mass, number of particles and volume.
➢ Determine the theoretical yield of a product in a chemical reaction
when you start with a known mass of reactant. The theoretical yield
is the calculated yield of a product in a chemical reaction. Actual
yield is the quantity physically obtained from a chemical reaction.
➢ Determine the percentage yield of a chemical reaction:
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑑
% yield = × 100
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑑
Atomic mass and Mole concept
Define:
❖ One mole as the amount of substance having the
same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 g
carbon-12.
❖ Mole: SI unit for amount of substance.
❖ Molar mass: as the mass of one mole of a substance
measured in g·mol−1
Atomic mass and Mole concept continues…
Describe the relationship between mole and Avogadro’s number:
❖ Avogadro's number, NA, as the number of particles (atoms,
molecules, formula units) present in mole
(NA= 6,023 x 1023 mol−1 ).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE, RELATIVE
ATOMIC MASS, MOLAR MASS AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR
MASS AND RELATIVE FORMULA MASS
Calculate the molar mass of a substance given its formula
Molecular and formula masses;
Reason qualitatively and proportionally the relationship between
number of moles, mass and molar mass.
Calculate:
Mass
Molar mass
Number of moles, using n = m/M
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES, MASS AND
MOLAR MASS
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
MOLES,MASS AND MOLAR MASS
MOLES,MASS AND MOLAR MASS, continues…
MOLES,MASS AND MOLAR MASS, continues…
MOLES,MASS AND MOLAR MASS, continues…
MOLES,MASS AND MOLAR MASS, continues…
Percentage composition
Define:
❖ Percentage composition is the mass of each atom present in a
compound expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the
compound.
Determine:
❖ Percentage composition of an element in a compound.
Determine Percentage composition of an element
Determine Percentage composition of an element, continues…
Determine Percentage composition of an element, continues…
Activity 1: Determine Percentage composition of an element
Activity 1: Determine Percentage composition of an element,
continues…
Solutions
Empirical formula
Define:
❖ Empirical formula as the simplest whole number
ratio of atoms in a compound.
Determine the:
❖ Empirical formula for a given substance from
percentage composition.
Empirical formula
Determine empirical formula of a substance
1:2
The empirical formula for the compound is:Hg𝐂𝐥𝟐
Determine empirical formula of a substance, continues…
Determine empirical formula of a substance, continues…
Activity 2: Determine empirical formula of a compound
Solutions
Molar gas volume
Molar volume of gases, continues…
State Avogadro’s Law in words as:
One mole of any gas occupies the same volume at the
same temperature and pressure.
At STP: 1 mole of any gas occupies 22,4 dm3 at 0 °C (273 K)
and 1 atmosphere (101,3 kPa). Thus the molar gas volume,
𝑉𝑀 , at STP = 22,4 dm3 ∙mol−1
QUICK FACTS
1𝐜𝐦𝟑 = 1ml = 1 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐝𝐦𝟑 =1 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ℓ
Molar volume of gases, continues…
Molar volume of gases, continues…
Molar volume of gases, continues…
Molar volume of gases, continues…
2.3
Concentration of a solution
Define concentration as the number of moles of solute per cubic decimeter of
solution.
Concentration calculations
Concentration calculations, continues…
Concentration calculations, continues…
Water of crystallisation
Define:
❖ Water of crystallisation as water that is
stoichiometrically bound into a crystal, e.g. the H2 O in
CuSO4 •5H2 O.
Determine:
❖ The number of moles of water of crystallisation in salts
like AℓCℓ3 •nH2 O.
Determine water of crystallisation
Activity 1: Determine water of crystallisation
Solution
Writing and balancing chemical equations
Writing and balancing chemical equations, continues…
Writing and balancing chemical equations, continues…
Writing and balancing chemical equations, continues…
Activity 3: Balancing chemical equations
Solutions
Stoichiometry
DATA SHEET
DATA SHEET
Percentage yeild
Basic Stoichiometric calculations
Examples
1. 85, 6 g of oxygen gas reacts with an unknown quantity of
magnesium according to the following unbalanced equation:
Mg + O2 → MgO
1.1 Balance the equation
1.2 What mass of magnesium will you need for the reaction, if
all the oxygen gas is to be used up?
1.3 Calculate the theoretical yield for this reaction.
1.4 It is found that 195 g of magnesium oxide was produced.
Calculate the % yield.
Basic Stochiometric calculations, continues…
Solutions
1.1 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
𝑚 85,6
1.2 𝑛(𝑂2)= 𝑀 = 32 = 2,675 mol
Mg : O2
2 :1
𝑛(𝑀𝑔)= 2 × 𝑛(𝑂2) = 2× 2,675 = 5,35 mol
𝑚(𝑀𝑔) = n × M
= 5,35 × 24
= 128,4 g
Basic Stochiometric calculations, continues…
Solutions
1.3 MgO : O2
2 :1
𝑛(𝑀𝑔𝑂)= 2 × 𝑛(𝑂2) = 2× 2,675 = 5,35 mol
𝑚(𝑀𝑔𝑂) = n × M
= 5,35 × 40
= 214 g
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑑 195
1.4 % yield = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑦𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑑 × 100 = 214 × 100 = 91,12%
MCQs
1.1
1.2
MCQs
1.3
1.4
Solutions
1.1 B 1.2 C
1.3 B 1.4 C
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
NOV 2015
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS
NOV 2015
SOLUTIONS
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
NOV 2016
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
NOV 2016
SOLUTIONS
NOV 2016
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
THANK YOU
