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Scope OF Syliatyyg
L
e
| These
|
|
|
|
‘ a
tron ore, Manganese,
+ Copper oT A a a
Conventional Sources. o.7 euxite
Hydel Power (Bhakra
Non-conventional g,
* Petroleum, Natu
Nangal Dam ang Hirakua),
0 .
Surces * Solar, wind, nuctear and bio.
Geographicay Terms
alumi
e
+ A naturally occur
commercial exploitation,
: ‘SY : These are non-renewable ‘sources of energy which once used
again, €.g., coal.
Dam: A barrier across the flowing water,
Hydroelectricity :
'y Project which serves a number of
imigation, flood control and generates hydroelectricity, 0
Biogas : Biogas is the energy obtained from organi
‘Fr by conversion of such wastes into alcohol, meth:
pt
the Bhakra Nangal
e waste which is converted into energy by direct ‘combustion
1ane or other storage fuels,
Nuclear energy : Its the energy which is obtained by ‘splitting the nucleus
Minerals : Homogenous, naturally occurring substances with a definable i
Coal
Ferrous minerals : The minerals which contain iron are known as ferrous minerals, For ‘example, nickel,
errous m
manganese, cobalt etc.
Non-ferrous minerals : The minerals which do not contain iron ore. For example,
‘Of an atom, under controlled conditions,
Internal structure are known,
ore, petroleum, marble etc.
‘minerals,
‘copper, lead, tin ete,
N /entional resources of energy : These are those resources which can be renawed ina short paried
jon-convi
lar energy, wind energy eto,
newable resources. 0.., 80
They are also known as rer
pecan known as energy resources. Coal,
: which are used for generating energy are
patna, sarcoma fe pean on san
Petroleum, uranium,
145MINERAL /
POWER
RESOURCE
1. |iron © In all machines and tools. Odisha ‘Sundargarh, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj,
(Fe) © In-construction works. Chhattisgarh Bastar, Durg and Dantewara,
Jharkhand Paschim and Purbi-Singhbum
2. | Manganese | © Used for making iron and steel. ‘Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, ang
© Used in electrical industry ‘Andhra Pradesh.
‘3. | Copper © Used in wide industrial applications, | Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand,
ranging from defence, space programme,
electronics et.
© Used for making electrical wires and
equipments
4. | Bauxite © Ore of aluminium, Aluminium is used for ‘Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra
‘making eletical wires used in aeroplanes
and aircrafts.
5. | Coal © Fuel, raw-material for steel industry. Jammu & Kashmir, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand,
© Used in making chemical paints. Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh.
6. | Petroleury | @ Fuel in aeroplanes, buses, factories, etc Assam: Digboi, Naharkatia, Rudrasagar.
Mineral Oil | @ Basic input for petrochemical industry. Gujarat ‘Ankaleshwar, Koyali, Kalol.
Maharashtra Mumbai-High.
7. | Natural ‘@ Fuel, raw material for petrochemical ‘Mumbai-High, Gujarat, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Gas ‘industry. Nadu, Tripura and Rajasthan.
8, | Solar Energy | © Eoo friendly, renewable resource, cheap. | Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh.
9. | Wind Energy | @ Eco friendly, renewable resource cheap. ‘Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
10. | Nuclear ‘@ Economical, high amount of energy | Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka.
Energy with small input, sufficient resources
available.
11. | Biogas ‘© Eco friendly, can be produced from organic | All parts of india,
waste, high calorific value, cheap.
Competency Based Questions
(A) Multiple Choice Questions : Q2. Coal is formed in .
Select the correct answer from the given options, i Metamorphic (®) Igneous
© :
Q.1. Minerals are usually found mae. fo
Und earth 3.
(a) Under earth (6) Above Q3. Which of the following is a ferrous metal ?
(©) Inores (d) Under water a Manganese (®) Bauxite
() Gold :
‘Ans. (c) Awe @ Mica
15 sy
' u IESE Settstudy in GEOGRAPHY- 10°F Which of the following is the best
v
ore? ‘arlety of iron
(a) Haematite (6) Magnet
ii it gnetite
Limonit
a Limonite (d) Anthracite
a
Mayurbhanj and Kend
O° re mines of : lujhar are important iron
(a) Karnataka
8) Chhat
(©) Maharashtra (6) Chihatisgarh
(@) Odisha
we Oa
qu. The Kudremukh tron ore mines are located
int
(a) Odisha
b) G
(co) Karnataka pees
(d) Chhattisgarh
ans. (0)
Q7. Which of the following states |
producer of manganese? te lareet
(a) Maharashtra (6) Goa
(©) Kamataka (@) Odisha
ans. (d)
Qs. The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh are
famous for :
(@) Copper () Coal
(©) Bauxite @ Mica
Ans. (a)
Q9. Which of the following is the highest quality
hard coal ?
(@ Lignite (®) Bituminous
(©) Anthracite (@) Bauxite
‘Ans. (c)
Q.10. Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are famous for :
(@) Petroleum () Mica
(©) Coal (@ Bauxite
‘Ans. (c)
Ql. Which of the following is the oldest oil producing
state of India ?
(a) Gujarat (©) Maharashtra
(c) Assam (@ Goa
Ans. (c)
Q.12. Which of the following energies can be produced
from ocean ?
(@ Tidal energy (6) Bio-gas
(© Solarenergy (4) Geo-thermal energy
Ans. (a)
Q3. Which one of the following is a non-metallic
mineral ?
(@) Lead (6) Copper
(© Tin (d) Limestone
‘Ans, (da)
So ICSE Seltstudy In GEOGRAPHY —10 SSS 147
Q.14, In which one of the following States is
Rawatbhata Nuclear Energy Plant located 7
(a) Gujarat (b) Karnataka
(©) Punjab (d) Rajasthan
Ans. (d)
Q.15, In which one of the following States Is Kalga
Nuclear Energy Plant located ?
(a) Gujarat (b) Kamataka
(©) Punjab (d) Kerala
Ans. (b)
Q.16. Magnetite and Haematite are ores of :
(a) Coal (6) Copper
(c) Manganese (d) Iron
Ans. (d)
Qd7 state is the leading producer of iron
ore in Indi
(a) Odisha (b) West Bengal
(©) Bihar (@) Gujarat
Ans. (a)
Q.18. Bastar and Durg are the iron ore mines located
int
(a) Odisha (b) Chhattisgarh
(©) Bihar (@) West Bengal
(6)
is the major energy resource of
the world.
(a) Natural Gas (6) Hydel Power
(©) Coal @ Petroleum
Ans. (6)
Q.20. Anthracite and Lignite are associated with :
@ Iron (6) Coal
(c) Manganese (d) Copper
©
. is the best variety of coal.
(@) Anthracite (®) Bituminous
(6) Lignite (@) Peat
Ans. (a)
wm contains the lowest percentage of
carbon.
(@ Anthracite (6) Bituminous
(©) Lignite @ Peat
Ans. (d)
. is the main ore of aluminium.
UCSE 2024]
(@) Bauxite (6) Hematite
(©) Anthracite @ Lignite
Ans. (a)Q.24. Aluminium is used for making pots and pans
because.
(@ Itis cheap
@ Itis a good conductor of heat.
(@) Only (b) Only (ip)
(c) Both (i) & (ii) (d) Neither (i) nor (ii)
Ans. (5)
Q.25. Aluminiumis used in aeroplanes and spacecrafts
light and strong
(ii) Itis cheap.
(@) Only () (®) Only (i
{c) Both (i) & (i) (d) Neither (i) nor (ii)
Ans. (a)
2.26. Which of the following states is the largest
producer of aluminium.
(@) Gujarat (®) Jharkhand
(c) Odisha (@) Maharashtra
Ans. (c)
Q27. It is the emergy obtained from the oceans.
Identify the type of the energy.
(@ Nuclear (6) Tidal
(©) Geo-thermal _(d) Bio-gas
Ans. (6)
Q.28. Itis the energy obtained from the interior of the
earth. Identify the type of energy.
(@) Nuclear (6) Tidal
(©) Geo-thermal __(d) Bio-gas.
Ans. (co)
Q.29. Copper is alloyed with Zinc to form :
HICSE 2023]
@ Stainless steel (6) Brass
(©) Bronze (@) Aluminium
‘Ans. (6)
2.30. Hirakud dam is based on which of the following
rivers?
(@) River Godavari (b) River Mahanadi
(©) River Krishna (d) River Narmada
Ans. (b)
Q31. You live in a village in India. Which of the
following energy resources will be clean, cheap,
and best for you ?
(a) Coal (8) Mineral oil
(©) Wood (d) Biogas
Ans. (d)
(d) Geo-thermal energy
Ans. (0)
(B) Assertion and Reason Based Question
mbers 1 to 8 two statements ary
jbelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below :
(a) Ais true but Ri
(6) Ris reason for A.
(c) Both A and R are false.
(@ Only Ris true, Ais false.
Qu. Assertion : India is fortunate to have fairly rich
and varied mineral resources.
Reason : These variations
of the difference in the geological structure.
Ans. (b)
Q.2. Assertion : India has vast potential for solar
energy.
Reason : India is located on Equator.
Ans. (a)
Q.3. Assertion : Mineral resources are finite and non
renewabl
Reason : The geological processes of mineral
formation are so slow that the rates of
replenishment are infinitely small in composition
to the present rates of consumption.
Ans. (6)
Ans. (a)
QS. Assertion : Copper is used to Prepare cooking
ute
Reason : It is a good conductor of heat.
Ans. (6)
2S eases IC5ESalf-Stuy in GEOGRAPHY 10Qs.
Ans:
a.
Ans.
Qu.
Ans.
Q2
Ans.
Q3.
‘Ans.
Qa.
Ans.
Qs.
Ans.
Q6.
Ans.
Q7.
Ans.
Qs.
Ans.
Qs.
Ans,
Q.10.
Ans,
Qui.
Ans,
S SESelStudy LOC APH OT 143 oe
Assertion : Coal is also kn
Reason : It is black in colour i
oO.
“Assertion : Many port citi
refineries.
Reason : Most of the oil
ocean beds.
o
‘Black Gold’,
ies have their own oil
fields are found in the
Qs.
Ans.
Petrol is often referred as ‘liquid
Assertion
gold’
Reason :
of energy and as a raw mi
number of industries
(b)
Itis duc to its high utility as @ source
terial for a large
Very Short AEWEMIy fe Questions
What are the two types of minerals 2
1. Metallic minerals,
2, Non-metallic minerals,
‘What are metallic minerals ?
Minerals from which we get metals are called
an riers, €8,, ores of iron, gold, copper,
What are non-metallic minerals ?
These are those minerals which do not contain
metals, e.g., coal, petroleum, mica, manganese.
Name any four major minerals of India,
Iron, manganese, bauxite and copper.
Name any two iron ores.
1, Haematite 2. Magnetite.
Name the largest producer of iron ore in Indi
UCSE 2024)
Odisha.
Name any four centres of iron in Odisha,
Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj, Cuttack and Koraput.
Name the two important centres of iron ore in
Jharkhand,
Singhbhum and Palamau.
Which two districts of Chhattisgarh are the
leading producers of iron ore? [ICSE 2008]
Bastar and Durg.
Name any two countries to which iron ore from
India is exported.
Japan, Korea, European and Gulf countries.
Name different types of iron ore found in
India. HICSE 2009]
@ Magnetite (ii) Haematite.
Qu2.
Ans.
Qu3.
Ans.
14.
Ans.
Qus.
Ans.
Qu6,
Ans.
Qu7.
Ans.
Qu8.
Ans.
Qs.
‘Ans.
Which Is the best quality iron ore ? Mention its
two characteristics. [ICSE 2009, 2016]
Magnetite.
(i Itcontains more than 70% of iron.
(ii) Ithas excellent magnetic qualities.
‘Amineral X is used for making iron and steel.
It increases the strength of steel. Identify the
mineral. Which country of South Asia is the
leading producer of that mineral?
Mineral X is manganese. India is the leading
producer of manganese.
What is an ore ?
‘A naturally occurring deposit which contains a
‘mineral or minerals in sufficient concentration to
justify commercial exploitation, e.g., Bauxite is
ore of Aluminium.
Name a major non-metallic mineral of India.
Coal.
Name any two non-metallic minerals of India.
Coal and petroleum.
What are conventional sources of energy ?
‘These are non-renewable sources of energy which
once used cannot be used again, e.g., coal.
Which is the most important source of power
in India ?
Coal.
‘Coal plays major role in the industrialisation
process’. Justify the statement by giving two
examples,
@ It is the main source of energy. More than
60% of commercial energy is obtained from
coal.
(id It is used as basic input in iron and steel
industry.Q.20,
Ans,
Qi.
Ans.
Q.22,
Ans.
Q.23.
Ans.
Q.4.
Ans.
Q25.
Ans.
Q.26.
Ans.
Q27.
Ans.
LTE |C5E Sei-Study in GEOGRAPHY —10
Which is the best quality of coal ? Where it is
found in India ?
Anthracite is the best variety of coal. It is found
in Jammu and Kashmir.
Which is the poorest quality of coal ? Name a
state of India where it is found.
eat is the poorest quality of coal, It is found in
Bihar.
Which are the two richest and oldest coal fields of
India ? Name the state where these lie,
HICSE 2009, 2013, 2023}
Sharia and Raniganj are the two most important
‘coal mines of India. These lie in Bihar and Odisha,
‘Name any four major centres of coal mining
in South India.
1, Adilabad
3. Warangal
Name two centres of coal mining of the
following states :
(@) West Bengal (6) Maharashtra,
(@) Bengal — (i) Raniganj (i) Dalingkot
(Maharashtra — (i) Kamptee
(ii) Wardha Valley.
Which variety of coal is used for the production
of coke and gas ? Name a state of India where
is found.
Bituminous is used for the production of coke and
gas. Itis found in Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal.
“Demand for petrol and petroleum products
is increasing”. Give reason.
1. It is one of major sources of commercial
energy.
2. Due to increased pace of industrialisation in
South Asian countries.
‘Which region (State) is the largest producer of
petroleum in India ? Name the refinery where
the production is refined. /JCSE 2009, 2013]
‘Bombay-High or Mumbai-High (Maharashtra)
is the largest producer of mineral oil. It produces
more than 60% of the total production. The
‘mineral oil obtained from the region is refined in
‘Trombay.
2. Karimnagar
4, Khamman,
Q.28.
Ans.
Q.29,
Ans.
Q.30.
Ans.
Qat.
Ans.
Q32.
Ans,
Q.33.
Ans.
Q34.
Ans.
O35.
Ans,
Q.36,
Ans,
Q.37,
Ans,
Name the agency which explores mineral oy
in India.
The Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGcy,
Name the major oll field of the following
states: (a) Assam (6) Gujarat. /ICSE 2914)
‘Assam - Digboi, Naharkatia,
Gujarat — Ankaleshwar and Ahmedabad,
Name the state which is the leading producer
of coal in India, Also mention two of its mines,
CSE 2014
Jharkhand.
Mines - Jharia, Bokaro.
Name the major coal mines of :
(@) Jharkhand (6) Odisha
Or
Name two states with large deposits of coal,
‘Name the coalfields in the states that you have
named.
(@) Sharia, Bokaro and Giridih.
() Dhenkanal, Sambalpur, Sundargarh, Talcher,
Which is the oldest oil producing state in
India ?
Assam.
Which Is the oldest oil field of India ?
HICSE 2016]
‘The Digboi field.
Name any two oil fields of western India.
HICSE 2009]
1. Ankleshwar 2. Ahmedabad.
Name any two offshore oil fields of India.
HICSE 2009, 2018]
Mumbai-High and Bassein,
Name any two ol fields of north-east India.
1. Arunachal Pradesh Manabhum
2. Tripura - Mamunbhanga,
Name one area in Odisha and one area in
Chhattisgarh where iron ore is mined.
HICSE 2008)
Odisha~ Sundargarh
Chhattisgarh - Bailadila in Bastar district,on
Q.48,
Ans.
Q49,
Ans,
SS ICSE Set-Study IN GEOGRAPHY — 151 See
Name any two ray.
coal
matey
derived from
HICSE 2009)
me two
dustries Which use ‘manganese,
Name the mine
hi
makes it rust proof, OUBMERS steel and
Manganese fICSE 2018)
Why manganese produced in
demand? India Is in great
Because it is of high qual
‘Name any two states whi
producers of manganese, /
Odisha and Madhya Pradesh,
are the leading
ICSE 2012, 2014]
Name any two i
Tei. 'Y two important copper mines of
(# Balaghat mines - Madhya Pradesh
(ii) Khetri mines - Rajasthan
, Which state is the largest producer of
manganese ?
Odisha.
Name any two important centres of manganese
in the following states :
HICSE 2023]
( Odisha (i Maharashtra
()(@) Sundargarh (6) Koraput
i) @ Nagpur (6) Ratnagiri
Name fwo industries that use a high quantity
of co: HICSE 2013}
Iron and steel industry and cement industry.
Name two coastal and two inland oil-refineries
in India. HICSE 2013]
Coastal - Mumbai and Kochi.
Inland : Indian Oil Corporation
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation
Which the different varieties of coal is used for
domestic purposes and why? /ICSE 2014]
‘Anthracite and Bituminous. Because both these
varieties contain high percentage of carbon with
high calorific value.
Name the largest oil refinery in the Public
Sector. JICSE 2015]
Guwahati Refinery (Assam),
ited and
Which type of coal is mostly used in Iron and
steel industries ? HICSE 2016, 2024]
is used in the manufacture of
good quality steel as it makes the steel tough.
Identify the met
Manganese
“Copper is used to prepare cooking utensils”.
Give reasons.
‘a good conductor of heat.
used in power cables”. Give
JICSE 2019]
a good conductor of elect
Because
“Copper
reason.
Because
Name any two states of India which are
producers of copper:
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
Name any two copper mines of Jharkhand.
Singhbhoom and Hazaribagh.
Name an important clean energy resource
which is found in association with petroleum.
Natural gas.
Define multipurpose river projects.
Ammultipurpose projectis that which simultaneously
serves several purposes at the same time. For
irigation, flood control, hydroelectric
generation, navigation, fishing and tourism.
‘Name a multipurpose river projects located on
river Satluj.
Or
‘Which multipurpose project provide power to
both Punjab and Himachal Pradesh ?
HCSE 2018]
Bhakra Nangal project.
Name the multipurpose river project located
on river Mahanadi.
Hirakud,
Define non-conventional resources.
Non-conventional energy sources are those which
are non-exhaustible. They are renewable sources
of energy,Q61.
Ans,
Q62.
Ans.
Q63.
Ans.
Q.65.
Define solar energy.
‘The energy given by the sunis called solar energy.
Name any two solar power plants of India.
Kalyanpur in Aligarh or Gurgaon in Haryana.
Biogas is the energy obtained from organic
‘waste which is converted into energy by direct
combustion or by conversion of such wastes into
alcohol, methane or other storage fuels.
|. What is nuclear energy ?
Energy obtained from the nuclear fusion.
‘Name any two sources of nuclear energy.
HICSE 2019, 2023]
Uranium and Thorium.
,. What is biogas ?
Biogas is the energy obtained from organic
waste which is converted into energy by direct
combustion or by conversion of such wastes into
alcohol, methane or other storage fuels,
7. Mention some materials which can be used to
produce bio-gas.
Animal dung, poultry wastes, vegetable wastes,
What are the twin benefits of
plants’ to the farmers ?
(i) They provide clean energy.
(ii) They improve quality of manure,
. Why is conventional source of energy not
considered an ecofriendly source of energy 2
HCSE 2023)
These are non-renewable sources of energy,
eg. coal and petroleum. These cause air and water
pollution.
Name the following :
(@ The non-conventional energy source that
has the most widespread potential usage
in India. HICSE 2023]
(©) An offshore oil field of India ICSE 2023,
Ans.
Q.70.
(q) Solar energy.
(@® Gulf of Cambay Mumbai High.
Ans.
Short Answer Type Questions)
@ or 4 marks each)
‘What is the importance of iron ?
* Itisthe backbone of modem industry. Itis used
the manufacturing of iron and steel.
is used for making machines, agricultural
implements, nails, wires, pins, etc,
* Itis used in making alloy steels.
Distinguish between Anthracite and Lignite
eee 152, eee SERIES (C5 Self.Study In GEOGRAPHY=10 mm
(ii) It has the highest |(7 It has the low
heating value. heating value.
Q.71. Name any one mining area of Iron ore from
the state of Odisha, HICSE 2024)
‘Ans, Sundargarh.
Q.3, With reference to iron ore in India, answer the
following quest
(@ What grade of iron is mostly mined in
India ? Name the states that lead in the
production of iron ore.
HICSE 2005, 2010}
(@ Importance of iron ore for Indian
industry. HICSE 2012}
(ii) How is the low grade iron ore utilized ?
AICSE 2012]
Ans, () Haematite ; Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand,
Karnataka and Goa,
Iron ore is the backbone of modern industry:
@) Iis used in manufacturing of iron and
steel,
()
used for making machines.Qs.
Ans, (@)
.
\CSESel-Study in GEOGRAPHY") Rss! 153 meet
(i) (@) Agriculture implements,
(d) Paint pigments,
Name the major tron ore belts of India with
‘one important characteristic of each,
‘The major iron ore belts in India are
1, Odisha-Jharkhand belt : This belt is the
leading producer of iron ore in India. In
Odisha, high grade haematite ore is found in
Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and
Kendujhar districts. Palamau and Singhbhum
districts of Jharkhand are the important
producers of haematite iron ore,
2. Durg-Bastar-Chandarpur : This belt lies
in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra, The belt
is known for high grade haematite which
is found in the famous Bailadila range of
hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
It is exported to Japan and South Korea via
Vishakhapatnam port.
3, Bellary-Chitradurga-Chilkmanglur-
Tumkur: The belt is in Kamataka, It has
large reserves of iron ore. The Kudermukh
mines located in the Western Ghats of
Kamataka are a 100 per cent export unit.
Kudermukh deposits are known to be one of
the largest in the world.
4. Maharashtra-Goa belt : This belt includes
the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of
Maharashtra. Though the ores are not of very
high quality yet they are efficiently exploited.
Iron ore is exported through Marmagao port.
With reference to coal, answer the following
questions :
() Mention one of its use.
(i) Why is it called black gold ?
(iii) Where is it found in India ? /ICSE 2016)
(») What are the four varieties of coal ?
JICSE 2024)
Manufacturing of iron and steel and variety
of chemicals depend upon the availability of
coal,
(iii)
(iv)
(i) It is called black gold because of its high
utility as a source of energy and as a raw
material for a large number of industries.
Iharkhand, Bengal, Odisha, M.P., Chhattisgarh
and Andhra Pradesh are the main producers.
(a) Anthracite (90% carbon): Itis jet black
in colour and burns slowly without smoke
or soot. [tis clean to handle and has a high
heating value.
( Bituminous coal (30-80% carbon)
Coke required for smelting of iron ore is
derived from bituminous coal.
(c) Lignite (40% carbon) : It is brown or
brownish in colour. It has large quantities
of ash and moisture. Its by-products can
furnish several materials for industries.
(a) Peat : It is considered to be inferior to
other three varieties due to least carbon
content.
Distinguish between the metallic and non-
Q.6.
metallic minerals.
Ans.
7 Metallic minerals | Non-metallic minerals
(@ Metals are malleable, | (i) Non-metals are brittle
ie, they canbebeaten | in nature.
into sheets.
(i) Metals are ductile,
ive., they can be
drawn into wires.
(iif) Metals are good
conductors of heat
and electricity,
(i) Non-metals are not
ductile.
(ii) Non-metals are bad |
conductors of heat
and electricity except |
graphite.
Q7.
Ans,
With reference to petroleum answer the
following questions :
@ Why is it called mineral oil ?
(i) Write two of its uses. ICSE 2012}
() Petroleum is oil obtained from rocks,
particularly sedimentary rocks of the earth,
So it is called mineral oil,
(@) Itis used as a fuel.
(0) Itprovides the most important lubricating
agents and is used as raw material for
various petro chemical products.
wQ.8. With reference to Mumbai-High oil field answer
the following :
‘When was it found ?
located on the continental shelf of the
coast of Maharashtra about 176 km north-
‘west of Mumbai.
‘Sagar Samrat.
In 1974,
Q.9. Distinguish between the commercial and non-
commercial energy sources.
Ans.
Commercial energy | Non-commercial energy
pesroese Sie a
(@ Those sources of (i) Those sources of
| energy which are energy which are
| used by the people for,
| commercial purposes.
| Gi) Theuse ofcommercial
| source of energy,
| can be used as an
indicator of economic
development of the
Q.10. Distinguish between the conventional and non-
conventional sources of energy.
Or
Give two advantages that non-conventional
energy sources have over conventional energy
(It is a mixture of
combustable, gaseous
hydrocarbons and
non-hydrocarbons
‘occurring frequently 0-organism|
with petroleum in the presence of|
rocks of the earth's] water.
(i) It is used as a fuel
and for lighting!
chemical industry. homes.
ji) It is transported from| (iif) This gas is produced
‘one place to another} commercially in|
through pipelines. tanks by manure.
Qu12. Distinguish between anthracite and bituminous
coal.
0 Tt is the best qual
of coal.
(i It causes very less| (i) It causes more}
pollution. pollution,
(iif) Tt has more calorific} (i
() It contains more| (iv) It contains less
percentage of carbon’
only in Jammu and
lorific
has less
i gives|
less energy
sources. HICSE 2018) Kashmir West Bengal and
Ans. a Chhattisgarh,
‘Conventional sources of ' __ Non-conventional Q.13. The distribution of mineral deposits in India
energy ‘sources of eneray
(These are non These are renewable
| renewable sources of| sources of energy,
| energy. eg, coaland| e.g. solar energy,
petroleum. wind energy.
(i These are going to last! (ii) These are going to
{just for 100-200 years. last forever.
(if) These cause air and| (ii) These do not cause
‘water pollution. any pollution.
Bates |
&
is uneven. How does it affect industrial
development in the country ?
The minerals are the backbone of industry. Ther®
are mainly no minerals in northern part of the
country. So this part is backward in industry
‘These are mainly agricultural states. Jharkhand
and Odisha have rich resources of minerals 5°
they are also rich in industry,
fms 154 es [SE Self-Study In GEOGRAPHY =14, Deseribe in detail coal under following heads:
( Distribution of coat in India, :
(i Demerits of Indian coat (any two)
(ii) Need of conservation of coal (two potaia
.. @) Nearly three fourth of th is an
\o sceaed nthe Dart of the coal deposits are
tein the Damodar river valley. The places
are Raniganj, Jharia, Giridih, Bokaro id
Karanpura. . a
The other river valleys associs i
: inted with coal
depos are the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and
‘ardha. The coal fields of Singreni in Andhra
Pradesh, Talcher in Odisha and Chanda in
Maharashtra are also very famous,
(i) Demerits :
@ Thequaliy ‘of coal required for producing
coke as an essential input in steel ind
is deficient, a a
(®) The Indian coal has high ash content and
low calorific value,
(iii) Need of conservation :
Q
(@) Because it is a non-renewable resource.
(®) Itis backbone of industrialisation process.
QS. “India is rich in mineral resources.” Justify
the statement by giving four examples.
Ans. (i Nature has richly endowed India with iron ore,
both in quantity and quality. It has more than
20% of the world’s iron ore reserves.
Gi Indias the world’s largest producer of mica and
produces about 60% of the world’s production
of mica.
(iii) India is the fifth largest producer of manganese
in the world.
(iv) There are extensive and sufficient deposits of
bauxite in the country.
Q.16. Mention any four iron ore producing states of
India. Also mention two mines of each state,
Ans, () Odisha : Sundargarh, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj
and Bonai.
(i) Jharkhand : Paschim and Purbi
and Palamau.
(iii) Chhattisgarh : Durg, Bastar and Dantewara.
() Karnataka : Chikmaglur and Bellary districts,
North Goa is also an important producer and
exporter of iron ore in India.
Singhbum
ee
IeSe Self-study In GEOGRAPHY ~ 20 155 meee
Q.17, With reference to coal answer the following
questions
() Name the four types of coal which fs
available in India.
(i) Name the state which
producers of coal.
(iit) Which states is the largest producer of coal
in India ?
Ww) Which state is major producer of Anthracite
and Bituminous ?
‘Ans. (i (a) anthracite (b) bituminous (c) lignite
(d) peat.
(ii) Sharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and
Odisha. Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, West
Bengal and Uttar Pradesh produce about 1/3rd
of the total production of coal in India.
(iif) Largest producer : Jharkhand is the leading
producer of coal in India.
(i) Anthracite - Jammu and Kashmir
Bituminous — Jharkhand and Odisha.
Q.18, Write any three uses of manganese.
are the major
[ICSE 2010, 2017, 2023]
Or
State any two important industrial use of
manganese. ICSE 2017, 2023]
‘Ans, (0) Itisused for making iron and steel and its alloy.
(Gi) Ttincreases the strength of steel.
(iii) It is used for making paints, glass, chemical
ete.
Q.19. With reference to manganese answer the
following questions :
() Which state is the leading producer in
India? CSE 2012}
(i Name its largest buyer.
(id) Why its exports are constantly decreasing ?
( Odisha
(i) Japan
(i) The exports of manganese are constantly
decreasing because of rapid increasing demand
in domestic market,
Q.20, With reference to copper answer the following
questions :
(@ Any three uses of copper. /ICSE 2018, 2022)
Ans.(6) Any two states which are the leading
producer of copper.
(© Electric industry is the major consumer
of copper. Give reason.
‘Ans. (a) (i) Copper is good conductor of electricity
so it is used in electrical industry.
(ii) Copper is also good conductor of heat so
it is used for making cooking utensils.
(iid) Asitis ductile soit is used to make electric
cables.
(®) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
(6) Copper is good conductor of electricity and is
ductile so it is widely used in electric industry.
Q.21. What is lignite ? Name any two areas where
lignite is found in Indi NICSE 2011]
‘Ans. Lignite is a lower quality coal containing about 60%
of carbon. It is also known as brown coal.
Areas :
(@ Nevali - Tamil Nadu
(i Palna ~ Rajasthan
9.22. Give geographical reasons. ICSE 2012]
(@ Anthracite is used for domestic purposes.
(i Oil refineries are located close to oilfields
or near ports.
(iii) The location of coalfield is an important
factor in industrial development.
‘Ans, _(@) Because it is the best quality of coal.
(i) (@ To minimise the transport cost.
(8) Toavoid the risk of transporting mineral oil
inside the country due to its inflammable
nature.
(iii) (a) It is the prime source of energy in the
manufacturing of iron and steel.
(©) It is used as raw material in the chemical
and other industries.
Q.23, Name the states in which the following mines
are located : HICSE 2012]
(@ Singhbhum Copper mine
(i) Khetri copper mine
(iii) Kudermukh iron ore mine
‘Ans. (i) Singhbum copper mine ~ Jharkhand
(i) Khetri— Rajasthan
(iif) Kudermukh - Karnataka
Q.24.
Ans.
Qs.
Ans.
Q.26.
Ans.
Q27.
Ans,
Q.28.
Ans,
Name the mineral
perochemicals. “NCSE 2014,
Petroleum
(@ State the most important use of iron ore ang
bauxite. HICSE 2015,
(6) Give a geographical reason for each of the
following: HICSE 2015)
( Many port cities have thelr own oi
refineries.
(i) Petroleum is called a ‘fossil fuel’,
(ii) Coal Is called a versatile mineral,
(@) Iron ore — Iron Extraction.
Bauxite — Aluminium Extraction.
© @ Most of the oil fields are found in the
‘ocean beds.
(ii) Because it has been formed from the
prehistoric organic remains of plants
and animals.
(iii) Because of its multiple uses as a major
source of energy as well as a major raw
material
( Why is bauxite imported by India ?
(ii) Name the countries which supply bauxite
to India.
(i Domestic demand of bauxite is more than
production, so India has to import bauxite.
(ii Canada, USA, Australia supply bauxite to
India.
‘Name the following : HICSE 2016}
@ An off-shore oil field of India.
Gd An iron ore mine of Karnataka.
() Mumbai-High
(i Bababudan Hills
Name the following : [ICSE 2016}
@ Largest coal field of India.
(i) Oldest oil-field of India,
(iii) Best variety of iron ore.
(# Jharia in Jharkhand.
(i) The Digboi field,
(ii) Magnetite,Po
2% With reference fo non-conventional resou
Tees
answer the following questio,
( Name any two non-convent
resources.
(i Why is there need for
of energy 2
(@ Solar energy and Wind energy
(ii) © The rate of formation of fossil fuel is
slow as compare to their demand.
© Over use of fossil fuels
petroleum has caused serious
mental pollution,
tional energy
using these sources
ans:
ke coal,
environ-
Q.0 With reference to solar ener
following questions : 2 me oe
() “India has vast potential for sol
Give reason, iia cee:
“The use of solar energy should be
encouraged”. Justify the statement by
giving two reasons,
Or
What is the advantage of using Solar energy
in place of conventional sources of energy.
HICSE 2022]
( Because India is a tropical country.
(i © Environment Friendly : Solar energy is
generated from a renewable source and
its production does not emit any harmful
pollutants and emissions. Power plants
which are catering the maximum amount
for our energy needs use fossil fuels to
generate electricity and emit harmful
green house gases which are disturbing
the balance of the nature.
© Renewable resourees : Another advantage
of solar energy is that it is inexhaustible
and unlike fossil fuels, source of energy
for solar power is renewable. Sun is the
source to generate Solar energy and Sun
is freely available everywhere and is not
going to exhaust in future.
(31. With reference to wind energy answer the
following questions :
( What advantages the wind energy has over
other source of energy? [ICSE 2023]
Ans.
NS Se study ip GEOGRAPHY 0 GE 157 mum
Ans.
Q32.
Ans,
Q.33,
(i) Name any two high wind energy regions of
an environment friendly source of
energy.
© Recurring cost is very low.
(i) © Gujarat and ports of Rajasthan.
With reference to biogas answer the following
questions :
() Name any two sources of biogas.
(ii) “Biogas is an ideal domestic fuel”. Give
three reasons. [ICSE 2018]
Or
Give two advantages of using bio gas as a
source of power. [ICSE 2019]
( Animal dung and poultry waste.
(ii) © It does not cause any pollution.
© It is a cheap source of energy.
© It prevents the loss of trees and manure
due to buming of fuel wood and cow
dung cakes.
With reference to nuclear energy answer the
following questions =
@ “It has vast potential for future
development”. Give reason.
(@ State any two sources of nuclear energy.
Or
Mention any two advantages of Nuclear
power.
ICSE 2022]
() The demand for energy is increasing day
by day, the natural energy sources like coal,
petroleum, cannot last for a long time. So the
nuclear energy will dominate.
© A small input can release enormous
amount of energy.
© Nuclear energy is very economical.
(i) Uranium and thorium are used to produce
nuclear energy. These are found in
Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Kerala,
- () Who proclaimed dams as the “temples of
modern India ?”*
(@ Name any two social movements which
have been launched against the multi-
Purpose projects.(Gif) What was the basic cause of resistance to
the large dams ?
(@ Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
(i) ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and “Tehri Dam
Andolan’,
(iii) Large-scale displacement of local
Ans.
of Modern India ?
reason.
Explain the main
Or
What was the main purpose of launching
multipurpose project in India after
independence ?
() A multipurpose project is that which fulfils
a variety of purposes at the same time,
for example irrigation, generation of
electricity, flood control, fish breeding, soil
conservation, etc.
(ii) ‘A dam’ is a barrier across the flowing
‘water that obstructs, dissects or retards the
flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or
impoundment.
(iii) 1t would integrate development of agriculture
and th ¢ economy with rapid
industrialisation and the growth of urban
economy.
Q.36. ‘Large multipurpose projects also lead to land
degradation.’ Analyse the statement.
(@) Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern
of many regions with farmers shifting to
water intensive crops. This has led to the
salinisation of the soil.
(ii) Regulating and damming of rivers affect the
natural flow of rivers causing poor sediment
flow.
(iit) Due to dams, the flood plains are deprived
of silt.
(iv) Multipurpose projects induce pollution
which leads to land degradation.
Ans.
Ans.
reservoir, lake or an
impoundment.
js a tradition:
a modern|
concept. |
concept. |
Q.38. “The multipurpose river valley projects are
called the New Temples of Modern India”
Why?
Or
Examine the importance of the river valley
projects in the development of hydel power
and irrigational facilities in India.
‘Ans. (Generation of Power (electricity) : These
multipurpose projects are the main source
of power generation. They provide us neat,
‘pollution free and cheapest energy which is
the backbone of industry and agriculture.
Flood Control : These projects control
the floods because water can be stored in
them. These projects have converted many
‘rivers of sorrows’ into ‘rivers of boon’. For
‘example the river Kosi.
@
Soil Conservation : These conserve the
il because they slow down the speed of
water,
dip
() Irrigation : These projects are the main
source of irrigation for our country. These
irrigate the fields during the dry seasons.
‘Many perennial canals have been dug and
they irrigate dry areas,
semen 158 ‘semmpsnnnssossstsesssssssssssesnessesasanseeanesemnes ICSE Self-Study in GEOGRAPHY - 10 aoe “Inrecent years, the mut
large dams have come
Give reasons.
HiPurpose projects and
c
Under great scrutiny.” 0.40. With reference to Bhakra Nangal project
answer the following question:
Or (Name the river on which it is located.
y (ii) Name the states which are partners of the
Neri on Aisadvantages of mult presees —
r roject I- ‘
, (ii) Name the states which are benefiting
a because of the project.
le for the success
How many multipurpose river (iv) How the dam is respor
-Y pro]
become harmful forthe country Esplinwih ainerbapemcer
four examples. (v) Name the reservoir which is used to store
wal
dverse effect :
ans AS fect on the fertiti 7
Due to the constructi ericeee pee (vi) Name the power houses associated with the
no annual floods in the r eames dam.
inthe river, And because of
this, the soil ofthe down ‘ (vit) How is Bhakra Nangal dam beneficial for
1 downstream region docs ae
not get nutrient rich “silt”. This decreases Punjal ICSE 2023]
the fertility of the soil, Ans (9 Sath
| . ii) Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
wi Aaverse uae on aquatic life : Due é > Seiirs Haryave, Rajeston anc Delhi
© the construction of da i i ;
ef hem gs (9 i ms of me
: i . Bet the farmers.
sufficient nutrient material. Regulating b) ia eer have been taken from this
and damming of rivers affect the natural i ich provide iigation.
i of water causing poor sediment flow ” ae aaa °
lownward, and excessive sedi
the bottom of reservoir, result 0g in octier das gainer el a
stream beds and poorer habitats for the (ot) Bpaize Nena dams benefit foe Panjab os
rivers’ aquatic life. Dams also fragment itprovides imrigation water and hydroelectricity
rivers making i It for aquatic fauna the state, 5
to migrate for spawning, ie, to produce 41+ With reference to Hirakud dam project answer
cae the following questions : UCSE 2022}
ub (@ Name the river on which located.
(ii) Displacement of local communities:
& te LICSE 2024
The building of large dams results in
displacement of local communities. The
local people often have to give up their
Jand and livelihood and their meagre
access and control over resources for the
greater food of the nation.
() Change in the eropping pattern : The ” eee one Indian state benefited by the
urpose projects are responsible for Ay. (y Nyt
ing assured means of irrigation to ; porringe
most of the farmers ees .
ing pattem shifting (@) Hi wer House
have changed the cropping P oe
to water intensive and commercial crops. «Howse
This has ed to salinsation of soil leading (iv) Iron and steel and Fertilizer industry.
to ecological imbalance. (») Odisha
(Sse study i GEOGRAPHY 15) See
(ii) Name the state where it is located.
(ii) Name the power houses associated with the
project.
() Name any two industries which benefited
because of the project.Q.42. (@ Name the following : [ICSE 2019)
A ic mineral for which the
Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh
is famous.
(i) The multi-purpose project based on the
River Satluj.
(6) Give a reason for the following :
UCSE 2019}
(0 India’s location is advantageous for the
generation of solar power,
(0) Briefiy answer the following :|[CSE 2019]
( Why is petroleum often referred to as
“liquid gold” ?
(i) State one disadvantage of using coal as
a source of power.
i) Because India being a tropical country, is
‘well endowed with plenty of solar energy.
Most part of the country have bright
sunshine throughout the year except a
brief monsoon period.
and as a raw material for a large number
of industries.
(i Buming coal emits harmful wastes such
asa carbon dioxide, sulphuric acid, ash.
Q.43. Compare Bhakra Nangal and Hirakud power
project.
Ans. Comparative study Bhakra Nangal and Hirakud
Project.
| Bhakra Nangal Hirakud
| River | Sutlej River. ‘Mahanadi
Location | Border of Punjab | Odisha
| and Himachal.
|Economic | Provide power to
importance | Punjab and Har-
| yana’s agriculture
l | belt.
44. (@ Give the names of four important types of
iron ore found in India. [ICSE 2017|
(©) Name the following : [CSE 2017,
@ An offshore oil field in the Gulf of
‘Cambay.
(i An oil refinery in Bihar.
=
(o) State an important industrial use of Cog),
UCSE 201,
Gulf of Cambay_
refinery in Bihar ~ Barauni
ain source of thermal power
QS. Name one important iron ore mine of the
following states =
()) Odisha
(ii) Sharkhand
(ii) Chhattisgarh
() Karnataka
Odisha — Mayurbhanj
Jharkhand — Singhbhum
Chhattisgarh — Bailadila
(j) Kamataka — Kudremukh
Q.46. Mention two ways in which Hirakud dam has
helped the people of Odisha? ICSE 2024)
Ans. ps to irrigate large area agricultural and,
Itprovides navigation facilities for transport
of goods.
Q.47. Give reasons for each of the following.
ICSE 2024]
(@ Geothermal energy is not popular in India.
(©) Solar energy is gaining popularity.
(©) Petroleum is considered a harmful source
of energy.
Ans. (a) Because of|
(8) Because it is e1
renewable resources.
ted Geothermal Resources
ronment friendly and
(©) Because when it bum it releases toxic gases and
high amount of carbon dioxide.
150, eee NNsssssasas ICSE Self-Study in GEOGRAPHY ~10ct
rt a has made impres
renewable energy sector,
Mfrontrunner in the glob
sarkel ipsa to Central
ves,
sn ps io Mae, gical advancements,
7 ign investments, 1
witnessed remarkable growth in’
wi aoe renew:
According t0 the latest yo
aternational Energy Agency: (Ea), ren
india's installed renewable energy’
each 174 GW in 2023, -
Q.1. Define Renewable Energy
iving two examples,
ans. These are those resources
raced a eset which nt
known as renewable resources, e.g. solar
energy, wind energy ete, _
Why is there a
Renewable Energy Resources? PO™O®
( Over dependency on fossil fuels :
The growing consumption of energy
has resulted in the country beco:
increasingly dependent on fos:
such as coal, oil and gas.
Slow rate of formation ; The rate of
formation of fossil fuels is very slow as
compared to their demand. The rate at
which we are using fossil fuels there is
fear of energy crisis
Rising prices of oil and gas : Due to
very high demand the prices of mineral
oil and coal have risen very sharply
in the recent years putting a huge
burden on the economy. The potential
shortages have raised uncertai
ve strides in the
Positioning itself as
al renewable energy
Government pol
the
Resources by
Q2.
Ans.
fuels
@
Gi,
Ql. You are a resident
CLC ee scale
SITUATION BASED QUESTIONS
Q3.
Ans.
QA
Ans
ing a tropical country, is well
ow plenty of solar energy. Most
rts of the country have bright sunshine
rroughout the year except a brief monsoon
period, Solar energy can be used to
provide power to solar water heaters, solar
refrigeration, solar drying, street lighting,
pumping, power generators, etc.
ic (PV) technology converts
ly into electricity. It is a
recent development in India.
Extract 2
In India, it is the most abundantly available
fuel. It provides a substantial part of
the nation’s energy needs. It is used for power
generation, to supply energy to industry as well
(@ Identify the energy resources.
‘Ans. Coal
(i) How is it formed ?
‘Ans. Coal originated from wood and today is
found in sedimentary rocks beneath the
earth’s surface. The wood took several
ion years to become coal.
of Odisha. Your state is famous for the production for iron and steel, Name the
famous iron and steel plant located in your state and also mention the two geographical conditions
suitable for the location.
© Hindustan Steel Limited, Rourkela.
© Most of the iron and coal mines are located in my state which provide the basic raw material for the plant.
© Kolkata provides the port fac
ss and its hinterland serves as a market.
goaooa
* ICSE Self-Study in GEOGRAPHY ~ 10 menses
161 mmm