EET Es nie ‘eae. = Seer R ORR Lemke iy GEEEEEEMETETE evnoespcteed ww pcaeed as Cryptogams and Phanerogams. ‘Denote sees Produc eds (ora et her er try eee ee OPN eee ttre Teer Oe ee rcs ro oT Cryptogams literally mean “plants Prete fs Cer Tt ae treee these plants do not have flowers or fruits.aM CU Chima Cesc lly) Distinguish Characteristics of the Five Kingdom of Life Kingdom Cell Type etfs Cell Wall LACT Multi Envelop Died) Cellulari Monera | Prokaryotic | Absent Non-cellulose | Autotrophsor | Absent hae heterotroph ~~ Protista Eukaryotic Present ac insome | Photosynthetic | Absent in forms | most forms | ~~ Fungl | Eukaryotic | Present Chitin Asorptive "Presentin heterotroph | most forms ~ Plantae Ei Eukaryotic Present Cellulose and oor " Present in al call. | | polysaccharides forms — “Animalia | Eukaryotic | Present | ‘Absent am Ingestive | Presentin.all = — — __ | heterotroph forms — ~The kingdoms of living things and their species at a glance 2 Anim SC EUS RUS meres eRe uiur tr Corn ti een neat Beret ae Pc his classification solved most of the in taxonomy related to the placement of bacteria and fungi. BRED ae ued Cue Mca ih Plantae and Animalia.| Classified natu 14) PALES Ee Cr pecan Mineo su) whichexsttiltodaywih | nomenclature atwpartscntic Parodie actor itereeee = Pea Oe Pe Tesi) eee a f i} = The God's Registrar Carolus Linnaeu: Ay RU kun Lee) pein° ° e Binomial naming Ee Cease tie ee enue Ree uel Me] ee RUE CUCM kad naming organisms in taxonomy. fen dee CRO en CN Every species has a unique scientific name that consists of two parts (binomial)—its genus and species names. yGenus; + | J Ce cee c ck J cae cn yams ee eke RU) Name Prema mee i clscen Common Name: Lion a ' Scientific Name:{Panthera. leoEee ag Taxonomical hierarchy refers to the Cet ie uke a tere oe) different groups or taxon’s. Kingdom is eRe ark PU ode Lod Sec See eo rset oP TRe NAN RO ERENT COT UTE TET Ue Coco) cd aol Ete cer a ORS TESST TELS oom PCR Teen Marie NARI Cee accent ces1 Variation in neck length 3.Greater fitness 2. Stuggle for existence 4. Long-neck trait increases ory a Renee Poe ice rtininy He travelled on HMS Beagle to in his book “On the 1859. TO Eten Sel ECS oer Soma UI Relea Eon ISU nme mre | ion beca the basis for modern evolutioO Introduction to Taxonomy Poe iad Seca a eee escort PEN eee en Pee Recs PATO UC © Evolution is the slow process by which PMNS Ee encom Oe Cee PORTA eran gees ED RUS Tea OR UR CCE ad CSU SUSU ee os Sa CornyMain features | Location type of cats Histology ‘Skeletal muscle ‘smooth cardiac muscle = =| c rrclanaryConnective Ti BBY Nr) tm eel goes lege) RUE Tele Muli om lees] vessels and nerves. Its main function is to joins skin to muscles, support internal organs, help in the repair of BRC EU) function is to connect muscles to Eur Me ue ake ig pe eau 2. Adipose tissue: Its occurrence is below skin, between intemal organs ERR Bn lea e rR R UM e)-Te (Reale) eeu UI RRS mcm u e cei ae Cee eRe ey DT ta) function is to provide support and flexibility to body part. Whereas bone protects intemal delicate organs & ee me om ely LM eee wankers eek eal| Connective Tissue pe ete )ilul ter hm oe RU RO LI CE cee OM EER UA Cena etepS stint fere A MiSs FOUR TYPES OF TISSUE: Crk oy Pema cen Mm Oe yee the SCOR LTS Eo One is nee mies ay eee ee eee meee er ae Bee uesXYLEM AND PHLOEM << j Botany- Transportation in plants O Transportation in plants - performed by two vascular tissues, xylem and phloem . Cells ore dead Cols cre alveF PERMANENT TISSUE isc eeesien TEMES MELOY ee eee en meristematic tissue and have structural and functional properties. Permanent tissue can POTUE OR TU mR et ey SUS ee rae al Ste ae ee uel ate xylem, phloem, etc. They have lost their ETT aCks Nc MU ORs De aU Utes eee Conn cd 1) SimplSe Tissue — — Apical Intercalary Lateral are Meristem Meristerm, Meristem Shoot Apical MeristemSSS eerie Introduction to Tissues Tissues are a group of cells that combine sore Ug oe En ere eel Pe eee a og are made up of similar types of cells. They Feu EW Ret eee Pe . FeO eae EU Parenenyna I " Pee ee cure eee ein Pee cel oe Un oto ag otc CO RSS Eu LeU Reo BRUNA aitel ORS ed ay TT EN Sere| Cells- Cell D cee Eee CMe Pes sun Ne + nocell wall a a ge eR) or mectans(on tee side! Clee Sere MSs ena * nucleus in center + cannot synthesis nutrients «+ synthesizes nutrients Se | no plasmodesmata + has plasmodesmata Ea tes ee Mea er Chloroplast absent Tele) [RL eg RB SLICE Tonoplast absent EMI °F Tsing in animal cells. OM Mate Ue le -e1a) Stor pe material 9 SEC centre of the cell in animal cells and at slycogen granul , ee RU tee(or Tay ‘Membrane ECCT RO cccuc eee bags of the cell as they contain potent enzymes that can digest a cell. Lysosomes also help in defence by attacking a foreign object. Itis a kind of waste disposal system of the cell Glycosylated \ | ydrolytic " membrane, . a enzyme Mitochondria are also ines io ricure METER ee eteuietec take MS ae ure an TC) Te rn CUS cc EN CeO Meg ene ee Meaty Cee a cua CR UP ean cli Ue cameoze Biology a Ivals Jp ASUS co ae It Peres Pe CMB Ure | reticulum send these protein in various ime d Persia rel eisai MOR UCUM ela A CMR enn Pom ailole | acid. Cl : Itis another packaging organelle TNR U Suen (eee } eeu uae need (coy Ceo eeu)RO Col let oe ue su UE CR US R Er Lut M Ae MALL ela M ices Coll ole Bo | grow, thrive and reproduce. O Chromosomes are made up of DNA. O Segments of DNA in specific patterns are called Genes. O In prokaryotes, DNA floats in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. rd ee ewe eRe MM ICT NaS around uncoiled and as loose shards called chromation. O Chromosomes are usually found in pairs. O Human Beings probably have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Male- 22 XX & 1 XY, Female- 23 Xx, f Transgender- 47 Chromosomes with 1 Triplet of XYY ; 0 Peas only have 12, a dog has 78 chromosomes. O The number of chromosomes is not related to the intelligence or complexity of the creature. (d) Nucleolus: It is a dense spherical granule contained‘Nuclear Envelope ‘Outer membrane Inner membrane Nucteotus chvomatin Nucteopiosm Ribosomes Nuclear pores ere Rene mene) reproduction. Not all cells have a nucleus.The nucleus auras unit I. It is a double membrane-bound organelle which contains the D . The nuclear membrane Pee Cee RU een Rm mu Rei) the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The nucleus contain, the following components: (CaN envelope (nuclear membrane) (b) Chromatin: Chromatin is a thread-like strucCell organettes |) Cells- Parts Cell Organelles Eukaryotic cells contain various Pon escm ence mene oR ETS Lae CCB As RRL cell, e.g. Nucleus, Endoplasmic i DE ont BP arose RRM Reyg Pee nce thy char aaah Peli et RC ol MRT Endorfesraic commonly seen in Amoeba. Reticulumeee eae Prokaryotic tc psd ecco Mic toe ORCS i ce RC eer MUR RCS Gem ecl ee aT glucose from food and burn it to produce energy. Eukaryotic ats = pee RU es os) nucleus. Eg: Bacteria & Blue-green Algae. pee i ctacol Me me RO UAT cy nucleus. Eg: Other than Bacteria & Blue-green Algae. Compounds called proteins and phospholipids ra Mule ee Meo eoCells- iC) aa mT?) mere et e-em 0 Cells were first discovered by Robert ele ce — mB extol ae) Re OR) Perce) y= (4S O The largest cell measuring 170 mm x 130 mm, is the egg of an ostrich. 0 Amoeba acquires its food through endocytosis. » A number of cells can work together to form tissues and organs. Se ied ele xsi Lae OL nN AO enePT Reet Mure Lalas [este of OLDISTONEAGE, ‘Around 36,000 B.C. back Humans in the Cee Aan eda ahead eet Cee ue Pc Se Roo @smentionedinvedas. = SS Humans knew about fire from ‘OLD STONE AGE’ ere Tre an eee Ron es SS GMAU asked Le. yet paery Cody of ca LE Ke} ° 1s Weapon of Humans —STONE 1 Resa rn ee col CN ae eer Ce Ae a hel rt) Dead Fee Reese was — Goppercu)) Deda edad Pe Rees (oy Pee eM Re gs Pear eure Re Reese ee sehen ae Agriculture was introduce in NEW STONE AGE PM tone etn ots] Ce oe uC ee DTN ences u ta se given by — johniMarshal