1.

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Behavior geneticists study the interaction between genes and environment in
shaping behavior.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Focuses only on heredity, not environmental influences.

● C) Describes the biological basis of reflexes, not behavioral influences.
● D) Describes neurotransmitter function, not the influence of genetics and environment.

2. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Natural selection is the process by which advantageous traits are passed to future
generations because they increase survival and reproduction.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Describes environmental influences, not inherited traits.

● B) Defines a mutation, not natural selection.
● D) Describes adaptation, not inheritance through natural selection.

3. Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Fraternal twins develop from two different eggs, making them genetically similar to
ordinary siblings, not identical.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Identical twins share more genetic material than fraternal twins.

● B) Identical twins develop from the same egg, not fraternal twins.
● C) Fraternal twins share only about 50% of genes, like any siblings.

4. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions.

● B) The sympathetic nervous system controls the fight-or-flight response, not voluntary
movements.
● D) The parasympathetic nervous system controls relaxation, not voluntary actions.

5. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system triggers the fight-or-flight response during
stressful situations.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body after stress, not during it.
● B) The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, not stress responses.
● D) The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord but doesn't specifically
control fight-or-flight.
6. Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons and process information in the
brain.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● B) Describes sensory neurons, not interneurons.

● C) Schwann cells produce myelin, unrelated to interneurons.
● D) Motor neurons control voluntary movements, not interneurons.

7. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The refractory period is the brief pause after a neuron fires, during which it cannot
fire again.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Resting potential refers to the state of a neuron when it's not firing.
● B) Depolarization occurs when the neuron becomes active, not during the pause after
firing.
● D) Threshold is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse, not the
pause after firing.

8. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Axons carry signals away from the cell body, not toward it.
● C) The cell body contains the nucleus and processes signals but doesn't receive them
directly.
● D) Terminal buttons send signals to other neurons, not receive them.

9. Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Once the threshold is reached, the neuron fires an action potential.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Returning to resting potential happens after firing, not when the threshold is reached.
● C) The synapse does not deactivate at this stage; it will transmit neurotransmitters.
● D) Neurotransmitters are released after the action potential, not at the threshold.

10. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The myelin sheath insulates the axon, speeding up the transmission of electrical
impulses.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Neurotransmitters transmit signals across the synapse, not myelin.

● B) The cell membrane controls ion entry, not the myelin sheath.
● D) Axon terminals generate neurotransmitters, not the myelin sheath.
11. Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Sensory neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, not the central
nervous system.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The brain is part of the central nervous system.

● B) The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.
● D) Interneurons are part of the central nervous system, helping process information.

12. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: A mutation is a random error in gene replication that leads to variation.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Selection pressure influences natural selection, but isn't a mutation.

● C) Adaptation is the outcome of beneficial mutations, not the mutation itself.
● D) Reuptake is the process of neurotransmitters being reabsorbed, unrelated to gene
replication.

13. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The "All-or-Nothing" law means that if the threshold is met, the neuron fires
completely, not partially.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Neurons do not fire at varying intensities—it's either full intensity or nothing.

● C) Myelin sheath affects speed, not intensity of firing.
● D) Neurons need a brief refractory period before firing again, so continuous firing isn’t
possible.

14. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Reuptake is when neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the neuron after
transmitting the signal.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● B) Depolarization refers to the change in electric charge inside a neuron during firing, not
reuptake.
● C) The synapse is the gap where neurotransmitters cross, but the process of
reabsorption is called reuptake.
● D) Action potential refers to the electrical impulse, not reuptake.

15. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Schwann cells produce myelin, which insulates axons.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Dendrites receive signals, unrelated to myelin production.

● B) Glial cells support neurons but do not produce myelin directly; Schwann cells are a
type of glial cell.
 ● D) Axon terminals send signals, not produce myelin.

16. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Agonists mimic neurotransmitters, enhancing their effects.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Blocking reuptake is the function of reuptake inhibitors, not agonists.

● C) Blocking receptor sites is done by antagonists, not agonists.
● D) Agonists enhance neuron firing, not inhibit it.

17. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions like digestion and
heart rate.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● B) The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, not involuntary functions.
● C) The sympathetic nervous system speeds up heart rate in response to stress but
doesn’t control digestion.
● D) The central nervous system processes information, but doesn’t directly control
involuntary functions.

18. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The enteric nervous system controls the digestive system, including the
gastrointestinal tract.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system, not the enteric
system.
● B) Muscles and reflexes are controlled by the somatic nervous system.
● D) The heart and lungs are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

19. Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Interneurons help process information by connecting sensory and motor neurons
in the brain and spinal cord.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Sensory neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system, not the central nervous
system.
● B) The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions, not voluntary
movements.
● C) The sympathetic nervous system speeds up bodily functions, not slows them down.

20. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Natural selection refers to the passing on of traits that increase survival and
reproduction.
Why the other choices are wrong:
 ● A) Describes evolution, not the specific process of passing down traits.
● C) Adaptation refers to a species adjusting over time, not trait inheritance.
● D) Mutation is a random occurrence, not related to natural selection directly.

21. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Glial cells support and protect neurons by providing structural support, insulation,
and nutrients.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Axons transmit signals but do not support neurons directly.

● C) Schwann cells produce myelin but don’t provide general support.
● D) Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons, but do not provide nourishment or
protection.

22. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: When the action potential reaches the axon terminals, neurotransmitters are
released into the synapse.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● B) Depolarization refers to the change in electrical charge, not neurotransmitter release.

● C) Repolarization occurs after the neuron fires, not during neurotransmitter release.
● D) Synaptic cleft refers to the gap between neurons, not the trigger of neurotransmitter
release.

23. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for the fight-or-flight response
by increasing heart rate and other physiological changes.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body after the fight-or-flight
response, not triggers it.
● B) The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement.
● D) The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions, but the sympathetic
branch is specifically linked to fight-or-flight.

24. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The axon carries electrical signals away from the cell body toward the axon
terminals.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.

● C) Myelin sheath insulates the axon, but does not carry signals.
● D) Schwann cells produce myelin but do not carry electrical signals.

25. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The synapse is the gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released
and absorbed.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The axon carries electrical signals within a neuron, but does not involve
neurotransmitter release directly.
● C) The dendrites receive signals, but do not transmit them across the synapse.
● D) The myelin sheath speeds up signals but does not relate to the synapse.

26. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body after a stress response by
lowering heart rate and promoting digestion.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) The sympathetic nervous system triggers the fight-or-flight response, not relaxation.
● B) The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements, not relaxation.
● D) Reflex arcs are quick automatic responses, unrelated to calming the body.

27. Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Afferent nerves, or sensory neurons, carry information to the brain and spinal cord
from the body's receptors.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● B) Efferent nerves carry motor signals from the brain to the body, not sensory
information.
● C) Reflex arcs involve quick, automatic responses but do not explain afferent signal
transmission.
● D) The sympathetic nervous system triggers the fight-or-flight response but does not
carry sensory information.

28. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire an
action potential.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing.

● C) Agonists mimic the action of neurotransmitters but don’t define excitatory activity.
● D) Antagonists block neurotransmitter effects, unrelated to excitation.

29. Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The threshold is the minimum level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural
impulse or action potential.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Resting potential refers to the neuron’s state when it is not firing.

● C) Synapses are gaps between neurons where neurotransmitters are released, not the
point of neural firing.
 ● D) Depolarization refers to the change in electrical charge during firing, not the level of
stimulation needed.

30. Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Terminal buttons release neurotransmitters into the synapse to communicate with
other neurons.
Why the other choices are wrong:

● A) Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, but don’t release neurotransmitters.
● B) Axons carry electrical impulses toward the terminal buttons but do not release
neurotransmitters.
● D) Glial cells support and protect neurons, but do not release neurotransmitters.