ASME SEC.
IX
• QG
• QW → Article 1
→ Article 2
→ Article 3
→ Article 4
QG
• Variables → Essential
→ Non-Essential
→ Supplementary essential
• Each organization is responsible for conducting tests and maintaining the results & records
QW
• Procedure Qualification → WPS, PQR → joint properties satisfies the specification
• Performance Qualification → WPQ → ability of the welder/operator to produce sound weld
metal.
• PQR → EV, NEV (optional)
WPS → EV, NEV
WPQ → EV
• PQR → WPS → WPQ
• Procedure Qualification → Tensile test
→ Bend test (only ductility not soundness)
• Performance Qualification → NDT – mainly RT or UT + VT
→ Bend test.
• Welding positions name
• P No; F No; A No. definitions
Purpose –
Grouping of To reduce the number of Based on
Chemical composition,
P No. Base metal PQR
weldability, mechanical
properties
F No. Filler metal PQR, WPQ Usability characteristics
Chemical composition of
A No. Weld metal PQR
deposited weld metal
P No. Base Metal
1 C-Mn steel (4 group numbers)
2 Not used
3 Half Mo or half Cr, Half Mo (3 group numbers)
4 1¼ Cr, ½ Mo (2 group numbers)
5A 2¼ Cr, Mo
5B 5Cr ½Mo or 9Cr 1Mo (2 group numbers)
5C Cr, Mo, V (5 group numbers)
6 Martensitic S.S (Grade 410, 415, 421) (6 group numbers)
7 Ferritic S.S (Grade 409, 430)
Austenitic S.S
Group 1 – 304,316,317,347
8 Group 2 – 309, 310
Group 3 – High Mn grades
Group 4 – High Mo grades
• For Exam
o Most probably the material will be A106 Gr.B or A333 Gr.6 (carbon steel)
o Group number not needed
o Supplementary variables not needed
o A No. not needed
o Press the exhibit key → WPS/PQR will be available for each question
o ≈10 questions open book
o PQR, WPS → open book
o WPQ → Closed book
o Most probably process
→ SMAW → 90%
→ GTAW
• A particular process a welder is not welding for 6 months → disqualified for that process
• Backing different types
• Without backing
• As far as procedure is concerned; plate and pipe are same. If we write a PQR for pipe we can
use it for pate also
• If we write PQR for butt weld, we can use it for fillet also, but range changes and also the
reverse is not possible.
• T = t, for exam normally; T → base metal thickness, t → weld metal thickness
Usually,
T = 25; t = 25 i.e., T=t
o Case I
If ,
Then T = 25
t → GTAW → 5mm
t → SMAW → 20 mm
o Case II
If filler changes T ≠ t
o Case III
T≠t
• Additional Point
Imagine
Thickness per pass should not be > 1/2”.
If it is > ½“; then thickness qualified is 1.1 times not 2 times
• PQR is certified by → The organization who is going to used
• Generally Asked
o P No.
o F No.
o T
o Preheat
o AWS classification
• Welder Qualification (WPQ)
→ only essential variable
→ need a qualified WPS to qualify a welder
• PQR cannot be changed. Only 2 corrections permitted
i. Editorial
ii. Addendums (i.e., code is revised)
• WPS can be revised or requalified
Preparation of WPS from PQR
Data: Pipe: P22 low alloy steel 6” dia ½“ thickness
5G position Backing Strip → yes
Preheat → yes (3000F) PWHT → yes
Electrode →8018 B2. Joint → Single V
Dia → 2.5mm/3.2mm/4.0mm
PQR No. → June 21 WPS No. 1
Ref. PQR → June 21
Process: SMAW Process: SMAW
Joints
o Single Vee o Single Vee, Double Vee, U, J etc.
o Backing → Yes o With / without backing
o Root spacing → 2 to 3mm o 2 to 4mm
o Retainers → N/A o With / without retainers
Base Metals
o B.M thickness (T) = ½“ o 3/16” to 1” (if it is written 3/16” to
0.75” that is also ok)
o No single pass > ½“ o No single pass > 1/2”
o SA 335 P22 + SA 335 P22 o (P5A + P5A)
i.e. (P5A + P5A)
Filler Metals
E 8018 B2
o F. No. → 4 o F No. 4
o A No. → 4 o A No. 4
o Electrode dia → 2.5, 3.2, 4 o 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5
o Deposited weld metal thickness = 0.5” o Max 1.0”
o AWS Classification → E8018-B2 o E8015 B2 (All same F No. possible)
E8016 B2
E8018 B2
o Position → 5G o All Position
o Vertical ↓↑ → uphill o Uphill / Downhill
Preheat
o Preheat temperature → 3000 F o 2000 F
o Preheat maintenance → Yes o Yes/No
PWHT
o Holding temperature → 11000 F o 11000 F
o Holding time → 1 hr/inch o 1 hr/inch
• Difference between PQR & WPS
o WPS → direction to welder for sound weld
o Revision only for WPS
o Test results & live recording in PQR for test coupon
o WPS → range (e.g. Thickness; WPS → 2T generally)
• Who determines whether impact test is required or not?
Ans: Reference code
Piping → B31.3
P.V. → Sec VIII
• WPS is called a qualified WPS because it has a supporting PQR.
• ɸ → change; + → Addition; - → Deletion
• Acceptance criteria of tensile test
o Weld → 100% of UTS
o B.M → 95% of UTS
• Instructions
o Don’t read WPS / PQR completely
o Don’t try and match PQR & WPS
o When questions about test comes
→ check only PQR
→ go option by option
o For essential & non-essential → check PQR & WPS
o For E7018 → 7015, 7016 can be used
o GMAW-S → welders cannot be qualified by R.T
o UT → only 6mm and above thickness
o Welder qualification by R.T
→ Test coupon → 6” RT
→ Production weld → welder – 6”
→ welding operator – 3’
• Retest
o Send for training
o Retest → instead of 1 plate; 2 plates
(same for pipe also)
o Both plates VT and one will be sent for RT
o Immediate retest → 12” RT.
