SEHS UNIT 1: ANATOMY

– 1.1: Skeletal system

Which are functions of the axial skeleton?
I. To protect internal organs
II. To provide sites for attachment of muscle
III. To stabilize parts of appendicular skeleton
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

Which are parts of the pectoral girdle?

A. Ribs and clavicle
B. Clavicle and scapula
C. Scapula and humerus
D. Humerus and ribs

Which feature of the synovial joint covers the ends of the bones?
A. Synovial membrane
B. Bursa
C. Meniscus
D. Articular cartilage

Outline five features of a synovial joint. (5)

Describe the structural features of the hiker’s femurs (6)

What are the functions of the axial skeleton?’ (1)

Which statement is correct about the insertion of a skeletal muscle?

A. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
B. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
C. The attachment of a muscle tendon at the proximal end
D. The attachment of a muscle tendon on the anterior aspect
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Which type of joint provides the greatest degree of movement?

A. Fibrous
B. Synovial
C. Cartilaginous
D. Gliding

What is the primary function of the skull and vertebral column?

A. Attachment
B. Movement
C. Support
D. Protection

The diagram shows a long bone.(2)Label structures A & B in the diagram.

What type of joint is the ankle?

A. Saddle joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Hinge joint
D. Gliding joint

Distinguish between fibrous and cartilaginous joints.(2)

Outline the function of a ligament in a shoulder joint. (1)

With examples, outline functions of the axial & appendicular skeleton during physical activity(4)

What structure is labelled X in the diagram below?

A. Articular capsule B. Synovial fluid C. Articular cartilage D. Synovial membrane

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Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint.(2)

Which are the four types of bones?

A. Short, periosteum, long, regular
B. Long, short, irregular, flat
C. Compact, irregular, flat, long
D. Flat, short, compact, regular

Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the patella relative to the tibia.(1)

Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the fibula relative to the tibia.(1)

Using anatomical terminology, state the location of the tibia relative to the femur.(1)

Distinguish the movement permitted between a fibrous and a cartilaginous joint.(1)

The articular capsule, meniscus & ligaments provide stability at the knee. Outline two other features
of a synovial joint(2)

The diagram below shows a long bone. What is the structure labelled X?

A. Compact bone

B. Spongy bone
C. Diaphysis
D. Cartilage

What type of joint is found where the radius and carpals articulate?
A. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
C. Gliding
D. Condyloid

Using examples of specific bones, outline the function of the axial skeleton.(4)
 SEHS UNIT 1: ANATOMY

Which bones form part of the appendicular skeleton?(1)

A. Femur, radius, ribs, patella
B. Coccyx, humerus, ulna, tibia
C. Pelvic girdle, clavicle, fibula, carpals
D. Sternum, phalanges, femur, tarsals

What is the main function of the knee joint ligament?(1)

A. To secrete synovial fluid
B. To absorb shock
C. To help with joint stability
D. To provide a friction-free environment

Which of the following bones has the movement of the body as its main function?(1)
A. Fibula
B. Skull
C. Coccyx
D. Sternum

State the type of synovial joint that is found at the distal end of the femur.(1)

Identify the bone type of the scapula.(1)

What is the function of a ligament?
A. To attach muscle to bone
B. To attach bone to bone
C. To reduce friction
D. To secrete synovial fluid

Which bones form part of the appendicular skeleton?

A. Sternum, clavicle, coccyx
B. Skull, clavicle, humerus
C. Clavicle, humerus, tibia
D. Skull, clavicle, sternum

This shows a gymnast performing a handstand. What’s the position of the tarsals in relation to the femur?

A. Superior B. Inferior C. Lateral D. Medial

 SEHS UNIT 1: ANATOMY

State the location of the femur in relation to the tibia using anatomical terminology.(1)

State the location of the sternum in relation to the vertebral column using anatomical terms.(1)

Outline three functions of cartilage.(3)

Which are types of synovial joints?

A. Condyloid, saddle, gliding
B. Immovable, slightly movable, ball and socket
C. Intervertebral joints, pubic symphyses, gliding
D. Fibrous, cartilaginous, condyloid

Long bones are one type of bone found in the body. List two other types of bone.(2)
1. 2.

Which is the most lateral in the anatomical position?

A. Sternum
B. Ulna
C. Radius
D. Skull

What type of bones are the phalanges?

A. Flat bones
B. Long bones
C. Short bones
D. Irregular bones

Describe the types of movement of the ball and socket joint at the shoulder.(6)

Outline two types of connective tissue of joints.(2)

Using anatomical terms, what is the position of the sacral bones relative to the lumbar bones?(1)
A. Inferior
B. Lateral superior
C. Medial
D. Superior

Which joint is formed at the proximal head of the femur?(1)

A. Shoulder
B. Elbow
C. Hip
D. Knee
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Which types of muscles are only under involuntary control?(1)

I. Smooth muscle
II. Cardiac muscle
III. Skeletal muscle

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

– 1.2 Muscular system

Outline one type of muscle tissue.(1)

During the weeks of training prior to the journey, the hiker’s leg muscles increased in size.
Outline four other general characteristics which are common to muscle tissue(4)

The diagram shows skeletal muscle.Identify the parts labelled A and B(2)

5. Distinguish the characteristics of smooth and cardiac muscle.(2)

6. Outline three general features of muscle tissue.(3)

Discuss the structure & function of the leg muscle fibres of an elite long jumper & marathon runner(6)

Which defines the origin of a muscle?

A. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
B. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone
C. The attachment of a muscle tendon to an immovable joint
D. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable joint
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The diagram shows the skeletal muscles in the anterior upper leg. Which muscle is labelled X?

A. Rectus femoris B. Vastus medialis C. Sartorius D. Vastus lateralis

Which statement is correct about the insertion of a skeletal muscle?

A. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
B. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
C. The attachment of a muscle tendon at the proximal end
D. The attachment of a muscle tendon on the anterior aspect

Outline the characteristics of muscle.(5)

The diagram shows a skeletal muscle. Identify the structures A, B and C in the diagram.(3)

Define the term origin of a muscle.(1)

What is the muscle labelled X in the diagram?

 SEHS UNIT 1: ANATOMY

A. Abdominus rectus
B. External obliques
C. Erector spinae
D. Iliopsoas

An athlete’s broken leg is immobilized in a cast. Which muscle characteristic causes difficulty in
walking after the prolonged inactivity?
A. Extensibility
B. Elasticity
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy

State the general characteristic common to muscle tissue that allows the muscle to stretch and
return to its original resting length.(1)

Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint.(2)

Distinguish between the three different types of muscle.(3)

 SEHS UNIT 1: ANATOMY

What muscle is labelled X in the diagram below? A.

Iliopsoas
B. Sartorius
C. Vastus lateralis
D. Vastus intermedialis

What is the definition of the term insertion of a muscle?

A. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone

B. The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone

C. A muscle contraction where there is movement at a joint

D. A muscle contraction where there is no movement at a joint

What is the structure labelled X on the sarcomere in the diagram below?

A. Z line B. Myofibril C. Myosin filament D. Actin filament

Which muscle is on the anterior region of the body?

 SEHS UNIT 1: ANATOMY

A. Soleus
B. Pectoralis
C. Biceps femoris
D. Latissimus dorsi

Outline two characteristics common to muscle tissue.(2)

List two general characteristics common to muscle tissue.(2)

Which muscles form the quadriceps femoris?

A. Rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis
B. Biceps femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis
C. Rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, semitendinosus
D. Biceps femoris, vastus intermedialis, biceps brachii, vastus lateralis

Outline the structural components of skeletal muscle.(6)