CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Overview

This chapter describes research design, target population, sample and sample technique,
research instrument/data collection and data analysis, validity and reliability, limitations and
ethical considerations of the study.

3.1 Research Design

The study will be conducted through descriptive study especially cross-sectional study. The
cross-sectional means that the sample will be taken from the target population and the
information will be obtained at the same time on a particular point in time.
3.2 Study Area

The study population of our research project will be target children with diarrhea in martini
hospital, Mogadishu-Somalia, with Escherichia e-coli infection as the target population for this
type of study.

3.3. Target Population

The target population of this study will be 70 persons randomly selected from martini hospital
staff who will be comprised of nurses, midwives and doctors who are ready and reliable to
provide the suitable information about the topic.

3. 3.1 Inclusion Criteria

An inclusion criterion is everything a study must have to be included. An other hand, an

inclusion criterion simply refers to a specific characteristic or condition that must be met for an
individual or an item to be included in a particular study, analysis, or group. This criterion helps
ensure that the participants or elements being considered are relevant to the research or analysis
being conducted.

The study population included all martini Hospital workers in Hamarweyne District.
3.3.2 Exclusion Criteria
Exclusion criteria are factors or characteristics that disqualify individuals or items from being
included in a study, analysis, or group. These criteria are set to prevent the inclusion of
participants who may introduce bias or confound the results of the research. Exclusion criteria
are the factors that would make a study ineligible to be included. So, that, residents of other
districts will be not included in the sample.

3.4 Sample Size

The sample is 60 respondents and the data will collect from the selected sample of
respondents Out of the estimated 70 Accessible population. The researchers will use solvent
formula to calculate the sample size with maximum acceptable error of 5% which is n =N/
The Slovene’s formula is

N
¿¿
70
¿
¿¿
70
¿
1.175
¿ 59.57 → 60
n : Sample size.
N : Target population.
e : The level of significant, it is assumed to be 5%.
As a result, the sample of this study will be 60 respondents who are expected to provide the
required information about this study.

3.5 Sampling Methods

A convenient sampling, type of non-probability sampling will be used for the selection of the
study sample from the accessible population.

3.6 Research Instruments/Data Collection

In order to get better the reliability of the findings, the major data collection instruments used
in this study will be questionnaire study of the documents. The choices of these instruments
will guided by the data requirements and the objectives of the study questionnaire during the
data collection, the researchers determined gathering a reliable and valid data, the instrument
include; a structured questionnaire, which guided predominantly questionnaire type, The
researcher distributed 60 copies of questionnaires; containing questions of research to make
possible comparing the results in a validity analysis of bringing helpful findings.
3.7 Data Analysis

To analyze study on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of mother regarding immunization,
the data will be analyzed and process by using SPSS.

3.8 Research Quality

3.8.1 Validity

Validity, the questioned asked will based on study objectives and the study was limited to the
area of study. It refers to how far a data collection instrument actually measure what it is
supposed to measure. Validity has two aspects: firstly, that the instrument does in fact
measure the concept it is intended to measure and secondly that it is measures accurately.
3.8.2 Reliability

Reliability of the instrument means the consistence of the instrument in picking the needed
information. Reliability arises from the stability and consistency of the measurement and
provides an indication of the random error in the measurement. In order to ensure reliability
of the measuring instrument, closed-ended question was used in most cases. Thus, if the same
question is administrated to the same study participant at different times, the chances are very
high that one would get the same or a similar response. This will be ensuring through use of
well-designed questionnaire, selection, training and supervision of research assistants and daily
checking and correction completed questionnaire.

3.9 Ethical Considerations

The researchers selected a topic, upon approval of a research topic by the supervisor at the
University; the researcher will also obtain a letter of introduction from the department of
Nursing from Faculty of Health Science. The researcher then will start on data collection
process. Respondents will sign consent for study participation will seek through attaching a
brief consent form with the self-administered questionnaire that addressed the nature of the
study. The researchers will keep all the information given to him very confidential and use
only for academic purpose. The researchers thereafter goes ahead to select respondents, and
arrange for dates upon which he will deliver questionnaires.
3.10 Limitations to the Study
During the study, the researchers may meet the following constraints:
1. Resource limitations including time finance, etc.
2. Security challenges since the security in Mogadishu is not reliable.
3. Lack of enough books to get this research and library.
4. Lack of enough money.