WEIGHT AND BALANCE REVISION

1. (For this question use annex 031-008 or Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9) Referring to the loading manual
for the transport aeroplane, the maximum running load for the aft section of the forward lower deck cargo
compartment is:
a) 13.15 kg per inch.
b) 13.12 kg per inch.
c) 14.65 kg per inch.
d) 7.18 kg per inch.
2. The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aeroplane is given as 750 kg per square metre. A
package with a mass of 600 kg. is to be loaded. Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor,
which of the following is the minimum size for the pallet?
a) 30 cm by 300 cm
b) 40 cm by 200 cm
c) 30 cm by 200 cm
d) 40 cm by 300 cm
3. The maximum intensity floor loading for an aeroplane is given in the Flight Manual as 650 kg per square metre.
What is the maximum mass of a package which can be safely supported on a pallet with dimensions of 80 cm
by 80 cm?
a) 1015.6 kg
b) 416.0 kg
c) 41.6 kg
d) 101.6 kg
4. (For this question use annex 031-008 A or Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9) From the loading manual for the
jet transport aeroplane, the maximum floor loading intensity for the aft cargo compartment is :
a) 150 kg per square foot
b) 68 kg per square foot.
c) 68 Lbs per square foot.
d) 68 kg per square metre.
5. The floor of the main cargo hold is limited to 4 000 N/m2. It is planned to load a cubic container each side of
which measures 0.5m. Its maximum gross mass must not exceed: (Assume g=10m/s2)
a) 100 kg
b) 1000 kg
c) 500 kg
d) 5000 kg
6. Loads must be adequately secured in order to:
a) Prevent excessive 'g'-loading during the landing flare
b) avoid any centre of gravity (cg) movement during flight
c) allow steep turns
d) Avoid unplanned centre of gravity (cg) movement and aircraft damage
7. (Refer to Annex 031-007 or Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.11) At the maximum landing mass the range of
safe CG positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is:
a) Forward limit 7.4% MAC aft limit 27.0% MAC
b) Forward limit 8.0% MAC aft limit 27.2% MAC
c) Forward limit 8.6% MAC aft limit 27.0% MAC
d) Forward limit 8.0% MAC aft limit 26.8% MAC
8. (Refer to Annex 031-007 or Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.11) The aeroplane has a Take Off Mass of 58 000
kg. At this mass the range of safe CG positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading
manual, is:
a) Forward limit 8.0% MAC aft limit 26.5% MAC
b) Forward limit 8.2% MAC aft limit 26.2% MAC
c) Forward limit 9.5% MAC aft limit 26.1% MAC
d) Forward limit 8.5% MAC aft limit 26.1% MAC

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9. Assume: Aeroplane gross mass: 4750 kg Centre of gravity at station: 115.8 What will be the new position of
the centre of gravity if 100 kg is moved from the station 30 to station 120?
a) Station 120.22
b) Station 118.33
c) Station 117.69
d) Station 118.25
10. Given: Aeroplane mass = 36 000 kg Centre of gravity (cg) is located at station 17 m What is the effect on cg
location if you move 20 passengers (total mass = 1 600 kg) from station 16 to station 23?
a) It moves aft by 0.31 m.
b) It moves forward by 0.157 m.
c) It moves aft by 3.22 m.
d) It moves aft by 0.157 m.
11. The mass of an aeroplane is 1950 kg. If 450 kg is added to a cargo hold 1.75 metres from the loaded centre of
gravity (cg). The loaded cg will move:
a) 33 cm.
b) 40 cm.
c) 30 cm.
d) 34 cm.
12. In mass and balance calculations the "index" is:
a) An imaginary vertical plane or line from which all measurements are taken
b) Is a figure without unit of measurement which represents a moment
c) The range of moments the centre of gravity (cg) can have without making the aeroplane unsafe to fly
d) A location in the aeroplane identified by a number
13. The maximum load specified in the loading chart is exceeded by 10 percent. What action must be taken?
a) Increase rotor speed by 10 percent
b) Take off carefully
c) None, since a 10 percent greater load is still within the specified safety margin
d) Reduce useful load
14. Before takeoff, the pilot decides to take 2000kg less fuel, calculate takeoff mass and CG position, MRJT1 CAP
696 fig 4.12
a) cant be calculated,landing mass will be too high
b) 60170kg ,CG 19.3% MAC
c) 60800kg, CG 17.5% MAC
d) 60170kg, CG 18.8% MAC
15. When adjusting CG Index for fuel, why is the line moved to the left as a minus index, MRJT1 CAP 696 fig 4.12
a) fuel is given as minus index
b) fuel is consumed in flight
c) graph run out of range
d) centroid of fuel tanks is behind the CG position
16. Which of the following alternatives corresponds to zero fuel mass?
a) Operating mass plus passengers and cargo.
b) Operating mass plus load of passengers and cargo.
c) The mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.
d) Take-off mass minus fuel to destination and alternate.
17. On an aeroplane without central fuel tank, the maximum Zero Fuel Mass is related to:
a) Wing loaded trip fuel.
b) Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass.
c) The bending moment at the wing root.
d) Variable equipment for the flight.
18. When an aeroplane is stationary on the ground, its total weight will act vertically
a) through the main wheels of its undercarriage assembly.
b) through its centre of pressure.
c) through its centre of gravity.
d) through a point defined as the datum point.
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19. The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is that point through which the total mass of the aeroplane is said to act.
The weight acts in a direction
a) governed by the distribution of the mass within the aeroplane.
b) always parallel to the aeroplane's vertical axis.
c) at right angles to the flight path.
d) parallel to the gravity vector.
20. An aeroplane has its centre of gravity located 7 metres from the datum line and it has a mass of 49000 N. The
moment about the datum is:
a) 343 000 Nm.
b) 1.43 Nm.
c) 7000 Nm.
d) 34 300 Nm.
21. Given: Total mass 2900 kg Centre of gravity (cg) location station: 115.0 Aft cg limit station: 116.0 The maximum
mass that can be added at station 130.0 is:
a) 317 kg.
b) 207 kg.
c) 140 kg.
d) 14 kg.
22. A location in the aeroplane which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum is known
as:
a) MAC.
b) Moment.
c) Station.
d) Index.
23. An aeroplane must be re-weighed at certain intervals. Where an operator uses 'fleet masses' and provided
that changes have been correctly documented, this interval is
a) 9 years for each aeroplane.
b) 4 years for each aeroplane.
c) whenever the Certificate of Airworthiness is renewed.
d) whenever a major modification is carried out.
24. A flight benefits from a strong tail wind which was not forecast. On arrival at destination a straight in approach
and immediate landing clearance is given. The landing mass will be higher than planned and
a) the approach path will be steeper.
b) the landing distance will be unaffected.
c) the landing distance required will be longer.
d) the approach path will be steeper and threshold speed higher.
25. Mass for individual passengers (to be carried on an aeroplane) may be determined from a verbal statement by
or on behalf of the passengers if the number of
a) passenger seats available is less than 20.
b) passengers carried is less than 6.
c) passenger seats available is less than 6.
d) passengers carried is less than 20.
26. The term 'Maximum Zero Fuel Mass' consist of :
a) The maximum mass authorized for a certain aeroplane not including the fuel load and operational
items
b) The maximum mass authorized for a certain aeroplane not including traffic load and fuel load.
c) The maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.
d) The maximum mass for some aeroplanes including the fuel load and the traffic load
27. The actual 'Zero Fuel Mass' is equal to the:
a) Basic Empty Mass plus the fuel loaded.
b) Operating Mass plus all the traffic load.
c) Dry Operating Mass plus the traffic load.
d) Actual Landing Mass plus trip fuel.

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28. Conversion of fuel volume to mass
a) must be done by using actual measured fuel density values.
b) may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in JAR - OPS 1.
c) may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in the Operations Manual, if the actual
fuel density is not known.
d) must be done using fuel density values of 0.79 for JP 1 and 0.76 for JP 4 as specified in JAR - OPS, IEM -
OPS 1.605E.
29. The datum used for balance calculations is:
a) chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane, but not necessarily between the nose and the tail of
the aircraft
b) chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane, and necessarily situated between the nose and the
tail of the aircraft
c) chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and necessarily situated between the leading edge and
trailing edge of the wing
d) chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, and always at the fire-wall level
30. In determining the Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane it is common practice to use 'standard mass' values for
crew. These values are
a) flight crew 85 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These are inclusive of a hand baggage allowance.
b) flight crew 85 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These do not include a hand baggage allowance.
c) flight crew (male) 88 kg. (female) 75 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These include an allowance for hand
baggage.
d) flight crew (male) 88 kg. (female) 75 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These do not include an allowance for
hand baggage.
31. At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters in particular are available for determining the mass of
the aircraft: 1- Dry operating mass 2- Operating mass Which statement is correct:
a) The dry operating mass includes take-off fuel.
b) The operating mass is the mass of the aeroplane without take-off fuel.
c) The dry operating mass includes fixed equipment needed to carry out a specific flight.
d) The operating mass includes the traffic load.
32. Given: Dry Operating Mass= 29 800 kg, Maximum Take-Off Mass= 52 400 kg, Maximum Zero-Fuel Mass= 43
100 kg, Maximum Landing Mass= 46 700 kg, Trip fuel= 4 000 kg, Fuel quantity at brakes release= 8 000 kg, The
maximum traffic load is:
a) 13 300 kg
b) 12 900 kg
c) 9 300 kg
d) 14 600 kg
33. While making mass and balance calculation for a particular aeroplane, the term 'Empty Mass' applies to the
sum of airframe, engine(s), fixed ballast plus
a) all the oil and fuel.
b) all the oil, fuel, and hydraulic fluid but not including crew and traffic load.
c) all the consumable fuel and oil, but not including any radio or navigation equipment installed by
manufacturer.
d) unusable fuel and full operating fluids.
34. The actual 'Take-off Mass' is equivalent to:
a) Actual Landing Mass plus the take-off fuel
b) Actual Zero Fuel Mass plus the traffic load
c) Dry Operating Mass plus the take-off fuel
d) Dry Operating Mass plus take-off fuel and the traffic load
35. Considering only structural limitations, on very short legs with minimum take-off fuel, the traffic load is
normally limited by:
a) Maximum take-off mass.
b) Maximum landing mass.

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 c) Maximum zero fuel mass.
d) Actual landing mass.
36. Considering only structural limitations, on long distance flights (at the aeroplane's maximum range), the traffic
load is normally limited by:
a) The maximum zero fuel mass plus the take-off mass.
b) The maximum zero fuel mass.
c) The maximum take-off mass.
d) The maximum landing mass.
37. Given: Maximum structural take-off mass= 146 900 kg, Maximum structural landing mass= 93 800 kg,
Maximum zero fuel mass= 86 400 kg, Trip fuel= 27 500 kg, Block fuel= 35 500 kg, Engine starting and taxi fuel =
1 000 kg, The maximum take-off mass is equal to:
a) 121 300 kg
b) 120 900 kg
c) 113 900 kg
d) 120 300 kg
38. The take-off mass of an aeroplane is 117 000 kg, comprising a traffic load of 18 000 kg and fuel of 46 000 kg.
What is the dry operating mass?
a) 99 000 kg
b) 64 000 kg
c) 71 000 kg
d) 53 000 kg
39. The Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane includes :
a) Fuel and passengers baggage and cargo.
b) Unusable fuel and reserve fuel.
c) Crew and crew baggage, catering, removable passenger service equipment, potable water and lavatory
chemicals.
d) Passengers baggage and cargo.
40. Traffic load is the:
a) Zero Fuel Mass minus Dry Operating Mass.
b) Dry Operating Mass minus the disposable load.
c) Dry Operating Mass minus the variable load.
d) Take-off Mass minus Zero Fuel Mass.
41. The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data:
- Dry operating mass: 90 000 kg
- Block fuel: 30 000 kg
- Taxi fuel: 800 kg
- Maximum take-off mass: 145 000 kg
The traffic load available for this flight is:
a) 25 000 kg
b) 25 800 kg
c) 55 000 kg
d) 55 800 kg
42. The empty mass of an aeroplane, as given in the weighing schedule, is 61300 kg. The operational items
(including crew) is given as a mass of 2300 kg. If the take-off mass is 132000 kg (including a useable fuel
quantity of 43800 kg) the useful load is
a) 26900 kg.
b) 70700 kg
c) 29600 kg
d) 68400 kg
43. The Take-off Mass of an aeroplane is 66700 kg which includes a traffic load of 14200 kg and a usable fuel load
of 10500 kg. If the standard mass for the crew is 545 kg the Dry Operating Mass is
a) 42545 kg
b) 56200 kg
c) 41455 kg
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 d) 42000 kg
44. The empty mass of an aeroplane is given as 44800 kg. Operational items (including crew standard mass of
1060 kg) are 2300 kg. If the maximum zero fuel mass is given as 65500 kg, the maximum traffic load which
could be carried is:
a) 20700 kg
b) 18400 kg
c) 23000 kg
d) 19460 kg.
45. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is a structural limiting mass. It is made up of the aeroplane Dry Operational
mass plus
a) unusable and crew standard mass.
b) traffic load, unusable fuel and crew standard mass.
c) traffic load and unusable fuel.
d) traffic load and crew standard mass.
46. The take-off mass of an aeroplane is 141000 kg. Total fuel on board is 63000 kg including 14000 kg reserve fuel
and 1000 kg of unusable fuel. The traffic load is 12800 kg. The zero fuel mass is:
a) 65200 kg.
b) 78000 kg
c) 93000 kg
d) 79000 kg