Experiment 1: Verification of Ohm's Law

1. Objectives:
5tan , 1
• To confirm Ohm's law by studying the relationship of voltage, current and resi ce:
• To make voltage and current measurements using a DMM in a resistive circuit to verify Ohm s aw·

2. Backgrounds: th
Ohm's Law: Ohm's law states that electrical current in a resistive circuit is directly proporti~n_al to nde
. . . . ·aed all phvsical conditions a
applied voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance, provz ..,,
temperatures remain constant.
I=v in amperes {A)
R
Where Vis the applied voltage in volts (V).
R-is the resistance in ohms (Q).
I is the current in amperes (A).
The larger the applied voltage is, the larger the current becomes. The larger the resistance is, the smaller the
current becomes.

Conditions of Ohm's Law:

• A conducting device obeys Ohm's law when the resistance of the device is independent of the magnitude
and polarity of the applied potential difference.
• Ohm's law is not applicable for unilateral electrical elements like diodes and transistors as they allow the
current to flow through in one direction only.

Graphical Representation of Ohm's Law: Ohm's law can be represented as a straight line in x-y
coordinates as the current and the voltage have a linear relationship.
I==v==.!.• v
R R

where, ¾represents the slope ofthe line with Jon the vertical axis and V on the horizontal axis.

voltage (V)

Voltage- Current Characteristics- Ohm's Law Graph

 3. Procedures and Observations:

V R

Figure I

1. Pick 2.2k.!2, 4. 7 kn, 10 kn, from your laboratory kit as R,, R2 a nd RJ. . T bl 1
2. Measure the resistance using the DMM and record the measured value tn a e •
t easure voltage and current
3 • Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1 using R to start. Set DMM O m
simultaneously or separately.
Ammeter

f
v voltmeter
V

Figure 2
-
4 • Befor.e turning on the DC power supply, have your circuit checked by the in5troctor.
5 • With the voltage control knob set to the minimum (fully CCW), turn the DC power supply on and set the
voltage control to each voltage value shown in Table 1, beginning with 1 V.
6 • For each voltage setting, measure and record the actual voltage and current values in Table l(Page no. 4).
7. Tum the power supply off.
8 - Calculate the theoretical current "lcalcularel' values using the nominal resistance values and the nominal
voltage values "Tr . ,,
Y Nominal •

9 • Compare the calculated currents with the measured, and if satisfied, proceed to the next step.
10. Repeat the above procedures from step 2 through 9, using the other two resistors.
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Lab Report :

Date: 11, 00 · 2 4
t2.-i 3 ~P-f'-'~" ' t.J
Name of the Students and IDs (I) 1'10 RAJA MIA RAJ
1
SA NJ ANA [ \ ~ , ~f(>'if
(2) FAIZA ~ K ILA ZAM IH'I

(3)

Data Table:

R3
Rt Ri
Nominal R: JO kfl
Nominal R: 2.2 kil Nominal R: 4. 7 kn
I\
Measured R: 'i • {, ~ Measured R: 9:'3, I
Measured R: 2· I ',

Measured Values Measured Values

Measured Values
]CaJcuiaud
i
lca/ctJated
JCalculated
VMeasured ]Measured
VNomfna/ VMea.rured fM,,asured VMeasurul ]Measured

\·ob 0 • '\ a. ,
1V ,,,o, o - yqo (J·45L f I· 0 \ 0•2-2.. 0 • 21 'l.

2V 2.•0G 6'•'3 lf 0· 90C, 2 •II O· 4 f> o·4 2.., '. g q Q·l.\ o·i.
2-;, I· Cb I· 0~ ~ ;.oq 0. ','2- 0- 'J
5V 5 ·0G "2-L/-1.. 5 •0"
4 .. ;l/ 5 l • 12..1 \O·IC, , .. 6 4
10 V 10.,c 4 .. 61- 10-0~ 1· 17 \*
15 V I S ·O 6 ~.qg 6·81'6 IS - t°? ~. 11- ';-}~\ IS· ll I· t;'-1 1-~

Z.(1 • I 9· 5 9-aq o 20 0'-1-'-1 4.2.1.5" 2.a ')...· 1 '2.

2OV

25V 'lS" 11 • q ,,,.,t ~ 2.5 0 5-, ~ .. ,,~ 2 e; 2.- C. 27

Table 1: Voltage and Current Measurement and Calculation / ~~

..8>
 Tasks and Questions:
#1: Comment on the measured current compared to calculated currents.
Fnom -tt.e. t-ob1t we tO'l'l see --tt-,a t- -rnesaurud o-od ca.icu!-11--ted
cunru -n ts o,-u -n o t e:>( ca+ , y ~ CL'rT>tl Hen e /
2..1-2.1- -2.-~3 1)(,cn·,.
Fon 5'-1, ; Ennon ~ \ 2,.1-2:J-
" V • 2. + LY'l'J A
Fon R1., -ica1cu1oted-=- )/._ -
~. -- 2-2.&<.JL.-: 2. -= 2· r;~•/.
_ , , .ot'?>- 1-0'3 \ 'ill(J1f/.
Fon, R~ I.(Of(\J..J..v-d -- V - ""- -=-1-0E>3..,.,I\; ennort- I \•Ob?
"' 1£~ - 4- tk~ -== o· 2.ci-1 •
On , 12 ?, I ca I C uJ,.t t e V -:: Cj" -= O· ~ Tf) f rv-t O I" -:: tO. 5" - r;2- \ 'I I a-a I •
~
A 0 •
F d - -

72~ Io L<. ..IL , o, c;-

#l: Use the data obtained in Table I to plot Imcosurcd vs. Vmeasured graph. ~ Lf '/.
:iopes
3 = Whfrat does the inverse of the slope of
om the graph].
your graphs represent? illustrate with an example. [Hint: Find

TJ.,e. inve.ns<1 Slop~ of my <an0-ph ·,s(~ )- 1 -== *-::: R -

0

Fon R, •
/
,
S Jo pe -:=: l 4 • 6 - Y ) -=- O . 4 "
QO - ~- 1 )
f<, ~ f Sl ll pe) ·- I -=- J_ -- 42.. • It 4.k--(L
\. __ 0''-1 b

Fon
I< 2. J

SI OP~ -==
17--1 \..f
-- -1-30
(:' Io p e ) - I -== '-I. 2 '6 -r; k--'L

r=o n R ~. ~ 1ope :: ( o •~ - o· , )
1- 'j
 the current that would flow through the resisters at V= 12 volts and compa re
"!-4: ysing your graph, estimate V/ RNominn1). Calculate the error.
it with the calculated value (12

ForE =l2V
Calcul ated
Measu red Resistance Estimated Curre nt Curre nt % of Error
from Graph (12 V / RNominal)

R1= 2 . I S-ktA S-6m A 5.;-4 5mA I -0 '6 ·1.

R:i= 4·b3 k{l 2· Grr>A 2· S'S 3m A 1·~'- 1'J.

.R3 = 9 •8 5 k-lL 1· 2 m A 1·'2.'YY>A 0 '/.

Table 2: Current Estimation and Calculation at V = 12V

Resul ts:

CO I ( U.I 0. ted C W111Lni 0•

r,= I2V
-= 5· t,Y5 mA
'2.. l. k .tl.
l'l V
Ii=-
4. 'f,k.A -- 2-5~ 3'Y> '>A

12. V
l:3 --
'() l<..Jl
-- 1·2."Y l')A

Enn on r1 - I S· 545 - 5· b
,)(10 0 ../ ·
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5· 4 S- ~

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l 2.·5 5?, -Z·b \ X IO o 1 - \, <?; 4 1 • I
z.·S 5?

r, -- 1\2 .-l· l ) '/. l OO·, • - 01 •

fnn OC 7
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