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I would firstly like to thanks

my principal maam, who

proposed me to make

a project which can enhance

our knowledg e and help us to

relate books knowledg e with

real life. I would like to thanks

my subject teacher, who gave

us marvelou s project and also

her aid and succor made me

capable to make this project. I

would also like to give regards to

my parents and my friends

whose endlessef fort and help

made me do my best.

Aruni ma

Singh XII A
3

AIMTO STUD

Y THE EFFEC T OF

ACIDS AND BASE

S ON THET ENSIL

E STRE NGTH

OF FIBER S.INT

RODU CTIO N

Fiber is a fine thread like piece of silk,

nylon, wool, cotton etc. These are

classifiedi nto 2 types on the basis

of their origin-1. Natural fibers

such as silk, cotton, wool, jute etc.2.

Synthetic or manmade fibers

such as nylon, terrene, rayon etc.Natura

l fibers are further classified into 2

types dependin g upon their

sourcena mely-1. Vegetable fibers,

e.g. cotton, jute2.

Animal fibers, e.g. wool and silkThese

fibers differ in their chemical compositi

on and properties for examplevegetable

fibers obtained from plants are cellulosic

products of plantbiosy nthesis. These are

attacked by acids and not much by alkalis.An

imal fibers are proteins resulting from

animal bio synthesis, for example

silkand wool are long polypepti de chains.

Animal fibers are attacked by alkalis andnot by

acid.The quality of a fiber is fixed on the basis

of its resistance towards alkalis, acids,colo

r fastness and durability of strength.

A good fiber is said to be the one whichdoe

s not break while being woven

and cloth made out of it should also not

beaffecte d by air, water, acids and alkalis.

That is it should have high strength.

Tensile strength means the extent to which a

fiber can be stretched. In other

words it is the maximum force which a

fiber can withstand. That is, if two forces are

being applied on a fiber, it will be stretched

and if we goon increasing the magnitud

e of either force, a stage will come, when

thread willbreak indicating that fiber can

withstand certain force only or fibers can

bestretche d only up to some limit. Thus,

tensile strength of a fiber can be measuredi

n terms of the minimum force required

to break it.

EXP ERI

ME NT-

1
Objecti ve (1)

:
To compare the tensile strength

of given samples of nylon,cott on and

silk fibers.

Apparat us:

Slotted weights, hanger or pan,

hook, meter scale.

Material s:

Nylon, cotton and silk and wool fibers.

Procedu re:
1.

Measure appropriat e length of the given

nylon thread.2. Tie one end of it

with a hook fixed vertically

in a plane.3. With the other end,

tie a hanger or pan, i.e., a support on which

weight canbe placed.4.

Hang the thread carefully. Now the thread

will become straight, i.e.

stretched. 5. Carefully, put a

small weight on the hanger or pan and

see for some time.6.

Go on increasing weights gradually on the

support until the thread breaks.Th e thread

will break only, when it cannot be stretched

more and the weightspl aced on the

support in that case will, therefore, represent

the force whichthe fiber an withstand. So note

the weights placed on the support

and this minimum weight to break the thread can

be qualitative ly said as the tensile strength

of the fiber.7. Similarly, find out

the tensile strength, i.e., minimum weight

required to breakthe thread of the fiber.

Observa tion-

S.NO. TYPE OF FIBER TENSILE STRENG

HT i.e. MINIMU M WT.,REQ UIRED

TO BREAK THE THREAD

1. NYLON 200g2. COTTON 300g3.

SILK 200g4. WOOL 250g

CONCL USION-

Tensile strength of given nylon, cotton,

silk and wool fiber is inthe following order

PRECA UTION S-

1. Take fiber of almost equal

length and same diameter, i.e.

thickness. 2.

Take dry fibers only.3.

Use same set of weights in every

experime nt.4. Near the breaking

point, add small weights (1-2g) to

the weight hanger.

Fibers
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