VECTOR & 3-D 1

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

VECTORS HGO
ur ur r
p . g .o
Objective Questions I [Only one correct option]
r r
r r r 2.o + 1. p
1. If a & b lie on a plane normal to the plane containing g=
3
r r r r r r
c & d then, (a ´ b) . (c ´ d) is equal to
r
r Kg
(a) –1 (b) 1 Þg=
3
(c) 0 (d) none
Ans. (c) ÞK =3
r r
r r r ur 3. If the unit vectors e1 and e2 are inclined at an angle
Sol. a´b ^ c´ d
r r
2q and | e1 - e 2 |< 1 , then for q Î [0, p], q may lie in the
r r
n1 . n2 = 0 interval :
r r r ur
\ a´b . c´d = 0 é pö ép pù
(a) ê0, ÷ (b) ê , ú
ë 6ø ë6 2û

æ 5p ù é p 5p ù
(c) ç , pú (d) ê , ú
è 6 û ë2 6 û

Ans. (a)
2
Sol. e1 - e2 <1

2 2
Þ e1 + e2 - 2 e1 e2 cos 2q < 1

Þ 2 - 2 cos 2θ < 1

1 æ pö
Þ cos 2q > Þ 2q Î ç 0, ÷
2 è 3ø

æ pö
Þ q Î ç 0, ÷
è 6ø
r r
2. Let p is the p.v. of the orthocentre & g is the p.v. of the r r
4. The vectors p & q satisfy the system of equations
centroid of the triangle ABC where circumcentre is the
r r r r r r r r r r
origin. If p = Kg then K = 2p + q = a, p + 2q = b and the angle between p & q is q.
If it is known that in the rectangular system of
(a) 3 (b) 2
r r r
(c) 1/3 (d) 2/3 co-ordinates the vectors a & b have the forms a = (1, 1)
r
Ans. (a) & b = (1, –1) then cos q =
Sol. Centroid divides line segment joining orthocentre and
circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1
 2 VECTOR & 3-D
r r r r r r r
4 4 Let A be perpendicular to B + C, B to C + A and C to
(a) (b) -
5 5 r r r r r
A + B . Then length of the vector, A + B + C is :
3 (a) - 5 2 (b)
(c) - (d) none 2
5
(c) 5 2 (d) none of these
Ans. (b)
ur r r ur r r Ans. (c)
Sol. 2 p + q = a and p + 2q = b
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur
Sol. A ^ B + C ; B ^ A + C ;C ^ A + B
ur $i r 1
\ p = + j ; q = $i - j ur ur ur
3 3 The above is true if A, B, C are Mutually perpendicular
ur ur ur
æ $i ö æ $i ö \ A + B + C = 32 + 42 + 52 = 5 2
çç + j ÷÷ . çç - j ÷÷ r r
3 ø è3 ø = -4 7. If a & b are unit vectors such that
cos q = è
$i $i 5
+j -j r r r r r r r
3 3 a + b × 2a + 3b ´ 3a - 2b = 0, then angle between a and
r
b
Where
(a) 0 (b) p/2
r r
a = $i + j and b = $i - j (c) p (d) indeterminate
Ans. (d)
5. If the vector product of a constant vector OA with a r r r r r r
Sol. a + b × 2a + 3b ´ 3a - 2b = 0
variable vector OB in a fixed plane OAB be a constant
vector, then locus of B is : r r r r
Þ a + b × (-13) a ´ b

(a) a straight line perpendicular to OA r r r r

Þ a + b × a ´b = 0
uuur
(b) a circle with centre O radius equal to OA
Þ 0 = 0 [identically zero]
(c) a straight line parallel to OA 8. If a plane cuts off intercepts OA = a, OB = b, OC = c from
the coordinate axes, then the area of the triangle ABC =
(d) none of these
Ans. (c) 1 1
(a) b 2c2 + c2a 2 + a 2 b2 (b) (bc + ca + ab)
2 2
Sol. Let constant vector OA = vector î
uuur 1
(c) abc
and OB = xiˆ + yjˆ 2
uuur uuur
Q OA ´ OB = Constant vector 1
(d) (b - c) 2 + (c - a ) 2 + (a - b) 2
2
\ ykˆ = constant vector
Ans. (a)
Þ y = constant
Hence, locus is a straight line parallel to x axis i.e.parallel
to OA.
r r r
6. Let A, B, C be vectors of length 3, 4 and 5 respectively..
 VECTOR & 3-D 3

formed by the vectors ˆi + ajˆ - kˆ , ˆj + ak

ˆ , ˆi + ˆj + kˆ becomes
minimum is

1
(a) 3 (b)
2

1 7
(c) (d)
3 4
Sol.
Ans. (b)

1 a -1
Sol. Volume = 0 1 a
1 1 1

= a2 - a + 2
uuur
AC = – aiˆ + ckˆ 1
uuur \ Vmin Þ a =
2
AB = – aiˆ + bjˆ
11. If the vectors a î + ˆj + k̂, î + bĵ + k̂ and î + ĵ + ck̂
1 uuur uuur
Area of ABC = AB ´ AC
2 (a ¹ b ¹ c ¹ 1) are coplanar then the value of
uuur uuur 1 1 1
AB ´ AC = b 2 c 2 + a 2 c 2 + a 2 b 2 + + =
1- a 1- b 1- c

1 2 2 (a) 1 (b) –1
Area = a b + b2 c2 + c 2 a2
2 (c) 0 (d) none
r r Ans (a)
9. Let a =ˆi - kˆ , b = xiˆ + ˆj + 1 - x kˆ and

r r r r a 1 1
c = yiˆ + xjˆ + 1 + x - y kˆ . Then éëa b cùû depends on
1 b 1 =0
Sol.
(a) only x (b) only y 1 1 c
(c) neither x nor y (d) both x and y
C1 ® C1 - C2 ; C2 ® C2 - C3
Ans. (c)

1 0 -1 a -1 0 1
r r r
éa b cù = x 1 1 - x Þ 1- b b -1 1 = 0
Sol. ë û
y x 1+ x - y 0 1- c c

c(a – 1) (b – 1)+ (1 – b) (1 – c) – (1 – c) (a – 1) = 0
C3 ® C3 - C2 + C1
Divide by (1–a) (1–b) (1–c)
1 0 0 c 1 1
\ + + =0
= x 1 0 =1 1– c 1– a 1– b
y x 1
Add 1 on both sides
10. The value of a so that the volume of the parallelopiped
 4 VECTOR & 3-D

1 1 1 p p p 2p
+ + =1 (a) & (b) &
1- a 1 - b 1- c 3 4 3 3
r r r r r r r r r r
12. If a + 2b + 3c = o, then a ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a is equal to p 2p p p
(c) & (d) &
r r r r 2 3 2 3
(a) 6(b ´ c) (b) 6(c ´ a )
Ans. (d)
r r
(c) 6(a ´ b) (d) none of these r r r
Sol. a = b = c =1
Ans. (a)
r r
r -1 r r bPc
Sol. c= a + 2b
3 r r r r
a ´ 2b ´ c = b
So,
r r r rr r r
r r 1r r r 1 r r r Þ 2 a . c b - 2 a .b c = b
a ´ b - b ´ a + 2b - a + 2b ´ a
3 3 r r
As b P c
r r 1r r 2r r
= a ´b + a ´b + a´ b r r r r
3 3 a . b = 0 and 2 a . c = 1

2 r r r r r
Þ p ,p
= - é a ´ 3c + a ù = 3 c ´ a 2 3
2 ë û
r r
r r r 15. If a vector a is expressed as the sum of two vectors a '
= -3 éc ´ 2b + 3c ù uur r
ë û and a '' along and perpendicular to a given vector b then
r r uur
= 6 b´ c a" is

r r r r r r
r r r r (a ´ b ) ´ b b ´ (a ´ b)
13. For any vector A, iˆ ´ (iˆ ´ A) + ˆj ´ (ˆj ´ A) + kˆ ´ (kˆ ´ A) (a) r (b) r2
b b
simplifies to
r r
(a) 3A (b) A r r r r r
b ´ ( a ´ b) a´b r
r r (c) r (d) r 2 b
(c) - A (d) - 2A b b
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
ur ur ur
Sol. $i ´ $i ´ A + j ´ j ´ A + k ´ k ´ A r ur uur ur r
Sol. a = a ' + a";a ' || b
ur ur ur ur ur ur uur r
= $i . A $i - $i . $i A + j . A j - j . j A + k . A k - k . k A a" ^ b

ur ur
= -2 A é$i . A = Ax and A = Ax $i + Ay j + Az k ù uur r ur r æç a.b rr ör
ë û a" = a - a ' = a - r 2 ÷ b
ç ÷
r r r r çb ÷
è ø
14. If a, b, c be the unit vectors such that b is not parallel to
r r r r r r
c and a ´ (2b ´ c) = b then the angle that a makes with r r r r ur uur r
b× b a - b× a ' + a " b
r r =
b & c are respectively r2
b
 VECTOR & 3-D 5
r r r Ans. (a)
b´ a ´b
= Sol. Given that, P is a point inside the triangle.
r2
b uuur uuur uuur
ABC, such that BC PA + CA PB + AB PC = 0
r r r
16. If a, b and c are any three vectors, then Let, BC = a, CA = b, AB = c and
uuur r uuur r uuur r
r r r r r r OA = a,OB = b, OC = c
a ´ (b ´ c) = (a ´ b) ´ c is true if :
r uuur r uuur r uuur
r r r
(a) b & cr are collinear (b) a & c are collinear Þ a a – OP + b b – OP + c c – OP = 0

r
(c) ar & b are collinear (d) none of these r r r
uuur aa + bb + cc
Þ OP =
Ans. (b) a+b+c
r r r r r r P is an incentre of triangle ABC.
Sol. a´ b´c = a´b ´c
19. Two given points P and Q in the rectangular cartesian co–
r r r r r r r r r r r r x + 2 uuur
= a× c b - a ×b c = c × a b - c ×b a ordinates lie on y = 2 such that OP . iˆ = -1 and
uuur
r r r r r r OQ . iˆ = +2 where î is a unit vector along the x–axis.
Þ a ×b c = b×c a
uuur uuur
The magnitude of OQ - 4 OP will be :
r r
Þ a and c are collinear
(a) 10 (b) 20
r r r r r
17. For a non zero vector A if the equations A . B = A . C (c) 30 (d) none
r r r r Ans. (a)
and A ´ B = A ´ C hold simultaneously, then
r r r Sol.
(a) A is perpendicular to B - C x+2
r r P lies on y = 2
(b) A = B y=2
-1+2

r r r r
(c) B = C (d) C = A y=2
Ans. (c) (Px, Py) = (–1,2)
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur
Sol. A . B = A .C Þ A . B - C = 0 ...(i )
x+2
Q lies on y = 2
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur 2+2
and A ´ B = A ´ C Þ A ´ B - C = 0 y=2
y = 16
ur ur ur
Þ B - C = l A, l Î R (Qx, Qy) = (2, 16)
\ From (i)
ur ur
A.l A = 0 Þ l = 0 uuur
OP = –i + 2 j
ur ur uuur uuuur
\B= C OQ – 4OP =
18. ‘P’ is a point inside the triangle ABC such that
2iˆ + 16jˆ + 4iˆ - 8jˆ =
BC (PA) + CA (PB) + AB (PC) = 0 then for the triangle
ABC the point P is its 6iˆ + 8jˆ
(a) incentre (b) circumcentre
(c) centroid (d) orthocentre
Magnitude is 62 + 82 = 36 + 64

= 100 = 10
 6 VECTOR & 3-D
20. A, B, C and D are four points in a plane with r r r r r r
r r r r a × a a ×b a×c
pv' s a , b , c and d respectively such that r r r r r r
= a ×b b ×b b×c
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
(a - d ) . ( b - c ) = ( b - d ) . ( c - a ) = 0 . a×c b×c c ×c
Then for the triangle ABC, D is its :
(a) incentre (b) circumcentre 2 r r
a a ×b 0
(c) othocentre (d) centroid r r 2
= a ×b b 0
Ans. (c) 2
0 0 c
Sol. Since (a–b). (b–c) = 0, \ DA. CB = 0
\ AD ^ BC
r r 2
= c æç a b - a × b ö÷
2 2 2
Since (b – d). (c – a) = 0, DB.AC = 0
è ø
\ BD ^ CA
r r2 1
Then D is the intersection of the altitudes through A and B. = a ´ b = a12 + a22 + a32 b12 + b22 + b32 ´
4
Therefore, D is the orthocenter of the triangle ABC.
r r r r r
r r 22. Let A a and B b be points on two skew lines r = a + lp
21. Let a = a 1 î + a 2 ĵ + a 3 k̂ , b = b1î + b 2 ĵ + b 3 k̂ and
r r r
and r = b + uq and the shortest distance between the skew
r r
c = c1î + c 2 ĵ + c 3 k̂ be three non–zero vectors such that c r r
lines is 1, where p and q are unit vectors forming adjacent
r r
is a unit vector perpendicular to both a and b . If the angle
1
sides of a parallelogram enclosing an area of units. If
2 2
a1 a 2 a3
r r an angle between AB and the line of shortest distance is
between a and b is p/6, then b1 b 2 b3 is equal to :
60°, then AB =
c1 c 2 c3
1
(a) 0 (a) (b) 2
2
(b) 1 (c) 1 (d) l Î R – {0}
1 2 Ans. (b)
(c) (a 1 + a 22 + a 32 ) (b12 + b 22 + b 32 )
4 r r r r
éb – a p q ù
ë û
(d) none of these Sol. S.D = r r
| p´q |
Ans. (c)
r r 1
a1 a2 a3 a1 b1 c3 But | p ´ q |= and S.D = 1
2
Sol. b1 b2 b3 a2 b2 c2
c1 c2 c3 a3 b3 c3 r r r r 1
Þ b - a . p´q =
2

a12 + a22 + a32 a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 a1c1 + a2 c2 + a3 c3 r r r r 1

Þ b – a p ´ q cos 60° =
= a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 b12 + b22 + b32 b1c1 + b2 c2 + b3 c3 2
a1c1 + a2 c2 + a3 c3 b1c1 + b2 c2 + b3c3 c12 + c22 + c32 r r
Þ b–a = 2

\ AB = 2
 VECTOR & 3-D 7
r r r r r r rrr r r r r
23. The triple product (d + a ) . [a ´ (b ´ (c ´ d))] simplifies to Sol. éa b cù = a × b ´ l a ´ b
ë û
r r rrr r r rrr
(a) (b . d) [a c d] (b) (b × c) [a b d ] r r2r r r r
r r rrr = l a × éê b a - b × a b ùú
(c) (b . a ) [a b d] (d) none ë û

Ans. (a) 2 2 r r 2
=l a b - l a×b
Sol. We have
r r r r r r r r 2
d + a . éa ´ b ´ c ´ d ù = l a´ b
ë û
r r r rr r rr r Þ 1 = l.2.3.sin 2 q ...(i)
= d + a . éê a ´ b.d c – b.c d ùú
ë û
r r r
c = l a ´ b sin q
r r rr r r rr r r
= d + a . é b.d a ´ c – b.c a ´ d ù
ë û
1
rr r r r Þ = l 6 sin q ...(ii)
= b.d éëd a cùû 3

rr r r r Form (i) & (ii)

= b.d éëa c dùû
p
\q =
Then, Option A is correct answer 4
rr r r r r r r r r r r
24. Let r , a , b and c be four non–zero vectors such that r × a = 0, 26. If a ´ b ´ c ´ d × a ´ d = 0, then which of the following
r r r r r r r r is always true
r ´ b = r b , r ´ c = r c , then [a b c] =
r r r r
(a) |a| |b| |c| (b) –|a| |b| |c| (a) a , b, c, d are necessarily coplanar
r r r r
(c) 0 (d) none of these (b) either a or d must lie in the plane of b and c
Ans. (c) r r r r
(c) either b or c must lie in plane of a and d
r r r r
Sol. r ×a = 0 Þ r ^ a r r r r
(d) either a or b must lie in plane of c and d
r r r r r r Ans. (c)
r ´b = r b Þ r ^ b
r r ur r r r ur r r ur
r r Sol. é a c d ù b - éb c d ù a × a ´ d = 0
Similarly, r ^ c ë û ë û
r r r r r ur r r ur
Þ At least two a, b, c will be linearly dependent. é a c d ù éb a d ù = 0
ë ûë û
r r r r r r r r r rr r r r r
25. If a , b, c are such that éa b c ù = 1, c = l a ´ b, 27. If P1 : r ×n1 - d1 = 0, P2 : r × n 2 – d2 = 0 and P3 : r × n 3 – d3 = 0 are
ë û
r r r
r r 2p r r r 1 three planes and n 1 , n 2 and n 3 are three non–coplanar
a ^ b < 3 and a = 2 , b = 3 , c = , then the angle
3 vectors then, the three lines P 1 =0, P 2 =0 and
r r P2=0, P 3=0 and P3 = 0, P1 = 0 are
between a and b is
(a) parallel lines (b) coplanar lines
p p (c) coincident lines (d) concurrent lines
(a) (b)
6 4 Ans. (d)
p p Sol. P1 = P2 = 0, P2 = P3 = 0 and P3 = P1 = 0 are lines of
(c) (d) intersection of the three planes P1, P2 and P3.
3 2
Ans. (b)
 8 VECTOR & 3-D
As vector n1, n2 and n3 are non-coplanar, planes P1, P2 and equal to :
P3 will intersect at unique point. So the given lines will r r
(a) a (b) b
pass through a fixed point.
r
r r r r r ˆ ˆ r (c) c (d) none of these
28. ( r . ˆi) (iˆ ´ r ) + ( r . ˆj) ( ˆj ´ r ) + (r . k) (k ´ r ) =
Ans. (a)
(a) 0 (b) rr
r r r r r
r r Sol. a × b b = projection of a in b direction
(c) 2 r (d) 3 r
Ans. (a) r r r r r
a × c c = projection of a in c direction
Sol. Let r = r1iˆ + r2 ˆj + r3 kˆ
r r r r r
a × b´c b´c
\ r.iˆ = r1 , r.jˆ = r2 , r.kˆ = r3 r r r
r r 2 = projection of a in b ´ c dirction
b´c
and r ´ ˆi = 0 + r2 ˆj ´ ˆi + r3 kˆ ´ ˆi = -r2 kˆ + r3ˆj
r
\ the given expression is a
\ r.iˆ r ´ ˆi = -r1r2 kˆ + r3 r1ˆi
31. If A1, A2, A3, ......, An are the vertices of a regular plane
polygon with n sides & O is its centre then
Similarly r.jˆ r ´ ˆj = -r2 r3ˆi + r2 r1kˆ
n -1

and r.kˆ r ´ kˆ = - r3 r1ˆj + r2 r3 ˆi å (OA ´OA

i =1
i i +1 )=

\ r.iˆ r ´ ˆi + r.jˆ r ´ ˆj + r.kˆ r ´ kˆ = 0 (a) (1 - n ) OA 2 ´ OA 1 (b) ( n - 1) OA 2 ´ OA 1

r r
29. Let a = î + ĵ and b = 2î - k̂ . The point of intersection of (c) n OA 2 ´ OA 1 (d) none

r r r r r r r r Ans. (a)
the lines r ´ a = b ´ a and r ´ b = a ´ b is :

(a) - î + ˆj + k̂ (b) 3î - ĵ + k̂

(c) 3î + ĵ - k̂ (d) î - ĵ - k̂

Sol.
Ans. (c)
r r
Sol a = $i + j ; b = 2$i - k
r r r r r r r r
r ´a = b´a ; r ´b = a´b
uuuur uuuuur uuuuur
r r r r r r Since, OA1 ,OA 2 ,.....OA n are all vectors of same
Þ r - b ´ a = 0; r - a ´ b = 0
magnitude a and angle between any two consecutive vector
r r r r r r 2p
Þ r - b = l1 a - (i ); r - a = l2 b - (ii) is same i.e,
n
Point of intersection of (i) and (ii) is
r r r uuuur uuuuur 2p
r = a + b = 3$i + j - k \ OA1 ´ OA 2 = a 2 .sin .pˆ
n
r r r
30. If b & c are any two perpendicular unit vectors and a is Where p̂ is perpendicular to plane of polygon
r r r
r r r r r r a .(b ´ c ) r r n –1 uuuur uuuuuur n –1
any vector, then, (a.b) b + (a.c) c + r r (b ´ c) is 2p
| b ´ c |2
Now, å OA i ´ OA i +1 = å a 2 .sin .pˆ
i =1 i =1 n
 VECTOR & 3-D 9

2p Let q be the angle between ar and the angular bisector of

2
= n – 1 .a .sin .pˆ r r
n b and c .
uuuur uuuuur We know that,
= n – 1 éë OA1 ´ OA 2 ùû
r r
uuuuur uuuur æ ar. b +c ö
= 1 – n éë OA 2 ´ OA1 ùû cosθ = ç r r r ÷
ç a b +c ÷
è ø
r r r r r r r r r r r r
32. [(a ´ b) ´ (b ´ c) (b ´ c) ´ (c ´ a ) (c ´ a ) ´ (a ´ b)] =
and
rrr rrr
(a) [a b c]2 (b) [a b c]3 θ
cos θ = 2 cos 2 –1
rrr 2
(c) [a b c]4 (d) none
Solution:
Ans. (c)
r r r r r r ur r r r r r æ r r r r ö
Sol. a ´b ´ b´ c = a ´ b . c b - a ´ b .b c ç a b cos α + a c cosα ÷
Þ cos θ = ç r2 r ÷
r r r r ç ar b + cr 2 + 2 b cr cos α ÷
= éëa b c ùû b è ø

r r r r r r r r r r r r 2 cos α
\é a ´b ´ b´c b´c ´ c´a c´ a ´ a ´ b ù Þ cos θ =
ë û 1 + 1 + 2 cos α
r r r r r r r r r r r r
= é éë a b c ùû b éa
ë b c ùû c éë a b c ùû a ù 2 cos α
ë û Þ cos θ =
2 + 2 cos α
r r r 4
= éëa b c ùû
2cosα
Þ cosθ =
r r r æ α ö
33. If a , b and c are three unit vectors equally inclined to 2 + 2 ç 2cos2 –1÷
2 ø
each other at an angle a. Then the angle between ar and
è
r r
plane of b and c is 2cos α
Þ cos θ =
α
æ ö æ ö 2 + 4 cos 2 –2
ç cos a ÷ ç cos a ÷ 2
(a) q = cos –1 ç ÷ (b) q = sin–1 ç ÷
ç cos a ÷ ç cos a ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷ 2 cos α
è 2 ø è 2 ø Þ cos θ =
α
2cos
2
æ aö æ aö
ç sin ÷ ç sin ÷
2÷ 2÷
(c) q = cos–1 ç (d) q = sin–1 ç æ ö
ç sin a ÷ ç sin a ÷ ç cos α ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷ –1
è ø è ø Þ θ = cos ç ÷
α
çç cos ÷÷
Ans. (a) è 2ø
Sol. Given,
a, b and c are unit vectors.
r r r
\ a = b = c =1
 10 VECTOR & 3-D
Objective Questions II [One or more than one correct option]
a2 d2 a2 - d 2
From = =
r r r b 2
c 2
b2 - c2
34. The vector a ´ ( b ´ a ) is

r r \ a 2 - d 2 = l 2 b 2 - c 2 and
(a) perpendicular to a (b) perpendicular to b
r r r r
(c) coplanar with a & b (d) perpendicular to a ´ b 2 2 2
From(i) a - d = c - b
2

Ans. (a,c,d)
r r r Þ l 2 + 1 c2 - b2 = 0
Sol. a ´ b ´ a , by the definition of vector triple product, is
r r r r r Þ c 2 - b2 = 0
perpendicular to a and b ´ a and coplanar to a and b
r r r r Þ a2 - d 2 = 0
35. (u ´ v) . (u ´ v) is equal to
r r r r \ a 2 + b2 = d 2 + c2 = r 2
u.u u.v r r r r
(a) r r r r (b) (u . v) 2 - u 2 . v 2
u.v v.v and b 2 + d 2 = a 2 + c 2 = r 2
ur ur
r r r r and w1 . w2 = 0
(c) | u |2 | v | 2 - (u . v) 2 (d) none
r r r r
Ans. (a,c) 37. If a , b, c and d are the pv’s of the point A, B, C and D
Sol. See identity Lagrange’s respectively in three dimensional space and satisfy the
r r r r
r r relation 3a - 2b + c - 2d = 0, then :
36. If z1 = a î + b ˆj & z 2 = c î + d ĵ are two vectors in î & ĵ
r r r r (a) A, B, C and D are coplanar
system where | z1 | = | z 2 | = r & z1 . z 2 = 0 then
(b) the line joining the points B and D divides the line
r r
w 1 = a î + c ĵ and w 2 = b î + d ĵ satisfy joining the point A and C in the ratio 2 : 1.
r r (c) the line joining the points A and C divides the line
(a) | w 1 |= r (b) | w 2 |= r
joining the points B and D in the ratio 1 : 1.
r r
(c) w 1 . w 2 = 0 (d) none of these r r r r
(d) the four vectors a, b, c & d are linearly dependents.
Ans. (a,b,c)
Ans. (a,c,d)
r r
Sol. z1 = ai$ + b j and z 2 = ci$ + d j Sol.
r r r ur
3a - 2b + c - 2d = 0
r r r r Sum of the cofficient = 0
z1 = z 2 = r and z1 .z 2 = 0
3 - 2 + 1 - 2 = 0 Þ coplanar vectors
2 2 2 2
\a + b = c + d ...(i ) r r r ur
Now, 3a + c = 2 b + d
r r
ac + bd = 0 éë z1 .z 2 = 0 ùû
r r r ur
3a + c b + d
Þ =
a -d 4 2
Þ = = l ...(ii)
b c i.e line joining the point A and C divides the line joining
point B and D in the ratio 1:1
\ a = bl and d = -cl
They are linearly dependent.
ur ur
w1 . w2 = bl $i + c j . bi$ + cl j r r r r r r
38. If OA = a; OB = b; OC = 2 a + 3b; OD = a - 2b, the length

= l b2 - c 2 of OA is three times the length of OB and OA is

 VECTOR & 3-D 11
Ans. (a,c)
prependicular to DB then (BD ´ AC) . (OD ´ OC) is :
r r r r Sol. r r r r r r r r
(a) 7 | a ´ b |2 (b) 42 | a ´ b | 2 a – b ´ é b + a ´ 2a + b ù = a + b
ë û
(c) 0 (d) none of these We know
ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur
Ans. (a,b,c) A ´ B ´ C = A.C B – A.B C
uuur r r uuur r r
Sol. BD = a - 3b ; AC = a + 3b
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
uuur uuur uuur uuur Þ é a – b . 2a + b ù b + a – a – b b + a 2a + b = a + b
ë û
\ BD ´ AC × OD ´ OC
r2 r r r2 r r r2 r2 r r r r
r r r r r r r r Þ é 2 a – a.b – b ù b + a – é a – b ù 2a + b = a + b
= a - 3b ´ a + 3b × a - 2b ´ 2a + 3b ëê úû êë ûú

r r
r r r r r r2 But a = b = 1
= 6 a ´ b 7 a ´ b = 42 a ´ b
rr r r r r
Þ 1 – a .b b + a = a + b
39. â & b̂ are two given unit vectors at right angle. The unit
r r rr
vector equally inclined with â & b̂ and â ´ b̂ will be : Þ a +b –a .b = 0

1 1 rr r r
(a) - (â + b̂ + â ´ b̂) (b) (â + b̂ + â ´ b̂) Þ a .b = 0 or a = –b
3 3
p
Þθ= or θ = p
1 1 2
(c) (â + b̂ - â ´ b̂) (d) - (â + b̂ - â ´ b̂)
3 3 41. Identify the statement(s) which is/are INCORRECT ?
Ans. (a,b) r r r r r r r
(a) a ´ [a ´ (a ´ b)] = (a ´ b)(a 2 )
ur
Sol. Let d = xa + yb$ + z a ´ b$ r r r
(b) If a , b, c are non–zero, non coplanar vectors, and
rr rr rr r
cos q = x = y = z v.a = v.b = v.c = 0 then v must be a null vector
r r
ur (c) If a and b lie in a plane normal to the plane containing
So, d = x a + b$ + a ´ b$
r r r r r r r r
the vectors a - b, c - d, where a, b, c,d are non–zero
ur
Since, d = 1 r r r r r
vectors, then a ´ b ´ c ´ d = o

ur r r r r rr
1 (d) If a , b, c and a ' , b' c ' are reciprocal system of vectors
Þd =± a + b$ + a ´ b$
3 r r r r r r
then a × b'+ b × c'+ c × a ' = 3
r r
40. If a and b unequal unit vectors such that Ans. (a,c,d)
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
(a - b) ´ [(b + a ) ´ (2a + b)] = a + b, then angle q between Sol. a) a ´ éa ´ a ´ b ù = a × a ´ b a - a×a a´b
ë û
r r
2 r r
a and b is
= a b ´ a = false
p
(a) (b) 0 b) True
2
r r r r
c) planes containing a and b and c & d are normal to each
p
(c) p (d) other.
4
 12 VECTOR & 3-D
r r r r r
\ a ´ b ´ c ´ d ¹ 0 = false -1
x=
3
r r
b´c
d) a ' = r r r and so on 1 4
éa b c ù z =- ,y =
ë û 3 3

r r r r r r r r
r c´ b r a´b r b´c
43. a and b are two non collinear unit vectors. Then
\ a × r r r + b × r r r + c × r r r = 0 = false r r r r
éa b c ù éa b c ù éa b c ù a , b, xa - yb form a triangle, if:
ë û ë û ë û

r r r r r
42. The vectors a, b, c are of the same length & pairwise form r r æ a ^b ö
(a) x = –1; y = 1 and a + b = 2cos ç ÷
r r r è 2 ø
equal angles. If a = iˆ + ˆj & b = ˆj + kˆ then c can be
r r
(b) x = –1; y = 1 and cos (a ^ b) +
æ 4 1 4ö
(a) (1, 0, 1) (b) ç - , ,- ÷ r r r r r
è 3 3 3ø | a + b | cos [a ^ - (a + b)] = -1

r r r r
æ1 4 1ö
(c) ç ,- , ÷
æ 1 4 1ö
(d) ç - , ,- ÷ r r æ a ^ b ö æ a ^b ö
è 3 3 3ø è 3 3 3ø (c) a + b = -2cot ç ÷ cos ç ÷ and
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Ans. (a,d)
x = –1, y = 1
r r
Sol. a = iˆ + ˆj & b = ˆj + kˆ (d) none of these
r r r Ans. (a, b)
a =b = c = 2
Sol. Case I:
r
Let c = xi$ + y j + zk For forming a D
r r r r
xa - yb = a - b
\ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 ...(i)
r r r r r r
a Ùb = b Ùc = c Ù a
r r r r r r
\ a .b = b . c = c . a
r r r
é As a = b = c ù
ë û
Or
1= y+ z = x+ y ....(ii )
r r r r
From(ii) x = z xa - yb = b - a
Then Þ ( x, y ) = (1,1) or ( -1, -1)
2 x 2 + (1 - x)2 = 2 [From (i)] Case II:
r r r r
Þ 3x 2 - 2 x - 1 = 0 \ xa - yb = a + b

1 Þ x = 1, y = -1
Þ x = 1, -
3

Where x = 1

z = 1, y = 0
 VECTOR & 3-D 13
Similarly
ur ur ur r ur r ur r
d × y = 0, d × z = 0 and d × l x + m y + d z = 0

Numeric Value Type Questions

r r r r r r r r r
Or 45. If a = 3, b = 4, c = 5 and a ^ b + c , b ^ c + a ,
r r r r
xa - yb = a - b Þ x = -1, y = 1
r r r r r r 2
c ^ a + b then a + b + c is .....
r r
r r 2 2 æ aÙbö Ans (50)
a +b = a + b = 2cos çç 2. ÷
è 2 ÷ø r r r r r r
Sol. a ^ b + c Þ a. b + c = 0
r r
æ aÙbö r r rr rr
= 2.cos çç ÷÷ éQ a = b = 1ù Þ a.b + a.c = 0
è 2 ø ë û
r r
similarly, b.cr + b.a = 0
r r r r r r r
cos a Ù b + a + b cos a Ù - a + b rr rr
c.a + c.b = 0
r r r r r r2 rr rr rr
a × b - a × a + b = - a = -1 adding, 2 a.b + b.c + c.a = 0

r r r r r2 r r r r r r
44. A vector d is equally inclined to three vectors a = î - ĵ + k̂, Now a + b + c = a + b + c . a + b + c
r r r r r
b = 2î + ĵ and c = 3 ĵ - 2k̂. Let x, y, z be three vector in r2 r2 r2 rr rr rr
= a + b + c + 2 a.b + b.c + c.a
r r r r r r
the plane of a , b; b, c; c, a respectively then
= 9 + 16 + 25 + 0 = 50
r r
(a) x × d = 14 r r r
46. a , b , c are three unit vectors and every two are inclined to
r r
(b) y × d = 3 r r r r r
each other at an angle cos–1(3/5). If a ´ b = pa + qb + rc ,
r r where p, q, r are scalars, then 55q2 is equal to
(c) z × d = 0
r r r r r r Ans: (9)
(d) r × d = 0 where r = lx + my + dz
r r r r r
Ans. (c,d) Sol. a ´ b = pa + qb + rc
r r r
1 -1 1 taking dot product with a , b & c
r r r
Sol. Since é a b c ù = 2 1 0 =0
ë û 3 3
0 3 -2 0= p+ q+ r ……..(i)
5 5
r r r
a , b , c are coplanar vectors 3 3
0= p+q+ r …..…(ii)
ur r r r 5 5
So, d will be normal to the plane of a , b and c
ur r ur r ur r rrr 3 3
[a b c ] = p + q + r …… .(iii)
\ d × a = 0, d × b = 0, d × c = 0 5 5
r r r ur r ur r r
x = l a + mb \ d × x = d la + mb = 0
 14 VECTOR & 3-D
r r r r r
rr rr rr 48. Assertion : Let a = 3î - ĵ, b = 2î + ĵ - 3k̂. If b = b1 + b 2
a.a a.b a.c é 1 3 / 5 3 / 5ù
rrr 2 rr rr rr ê 44 r r r
[a b c ] = b .a b .b b .c = ê3 / 5 1 3 / 5úú = such that b1 is collinear with a and b 2 is perpendicular
r r r r r r ê3 / 5 3 / 5 1 ú 125 r
c .a c .b c .c ë û r
to a is possible, then b 2 = î + 3 ĵ - 3k̂.
r r
from (i), (ii) and (iii) Reason : If a and b are non–zero, non–collinear vectors,
r r r r r
5 rrr 2 then b can be expressed as b = b1 + b 2 , where b1 is
[a b c ] = - q
11 3 r r r
collinear with a and b 2 is perpendicular to a .
25 44 4 2 (a) A (b) B
´ = q Þ 55q2 = 9
121 125 9 (c) C (d) D
(e) E
Assertion and Reason type:
Ans. (d)
Use the following codes to answer the questions r r
Sol. a = 3$i - j , b = 2$i + j - 3k
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason
ur
is the correct explanation of assertion. b1 = l 3$i - j
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but and
uur
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. \ b2 = 2 - 3l $i + (1 + l ) j - 3k
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false. uur r r r
Since, b2 ^ a Þ b2 × a = 0
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
Þ 3(2 - 3l ) - (1 + l ) = 0
(E) If assertion and reason are both false.
r r 1
47. Assertion : Let a = 2î + 3 ĵ - k̂ , b = 4î + 6 ĵ - 2k̂ , then Þl=
2
r r r
a´b = o
r r r r r r uur $i 3
Reason : If a ¹ o , b ¹ o and a and b are non–collinear \ b2 = + j - 3k
2 2
r r
vectors, then a ´ b = ab sin q n̂ , where q is the smaller
Assertion ® False
r r
angle between the vectors a and b and n̂ is unit vector Reason ® True.
rr
such that a,b,nˆ taken in this order form right handed Match the Following
orientation
Each question has two columns. Four options are given
(a) A (b) B
representing matching of elements from Column-I and
(c) C (d) D
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
(e) E
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the
Ans. (b) option corresponding to the correct matching.
r
Sol. a = 2$i + 3 j - k 49. Column–I Column–II
r r r r
b = 2a (A) If a + b = ĵ and (P) 1
r r r r r
\ a || b Þ a ´ b = 0
r r ĵ
2a - b = 3iˆ + , then
Assertion ® True 2
Reason ® True, but not explanation. cosine of the angle between
 VECTOR & 3-D 15
r r
a and b is r r r2
Þ a+b+c = 6
r r r
(B) If a = b = c , angle between (Q) 5 3 r r r r r r
Þ a+b+c × a+b+c = 6
p
each pair of vectors is and r2 r2 r2 r r r r r r
3 Þ a + b + c + 2 a ×b + b× c + c× a = 6
r r r r
a + b + c = 6 , then a =
2 2 p
Þ 3 a + 2 × a ´ 3 × cos =6
(C) Area of the parallelogram (R) 7 3
whose diagonals represent 2
Þ 6 a = 6 Þ a =1
the vectors 3î + ˆj - 2k̂ and
1 uur uur
C) Area of parallelogram = d1 ´ d 2
î - 3 ĵ + 4k̂ is 2

r 3 1 $
(D) If a is perpendicular to (S) - = 3i + j - 2k ´ $i - 3 j + 4k
5 2
r r r
b + c, b is perpendicular to =5 3
r r r r r r
c + a, c is perpendicular to D) = a, b, c are mutually perpendicular

r r r r r r r r2 r2 r2
a + b, a = 2, b = 3 and \ a , b, c = a +b +c
r r r r
c = 6 , then a + b + c =
= 22 + 32 + 62 = 7
Correct matching is 50. Match the following
(a) A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S Column-I Column-II
(b) A-P; B-R; C-Q; D-S r r r rr rr rr
(A) If the vectors a, b , c (P) a.b = b .c = c .a
(c) A-Q; B-R; C-R; D-P
uuur uuur uuur
(d) A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-R form sides BA, CA, AB
Ans: (d)
of DABC, then
r r r r r r r r r
Sol. A) a + b + 2a - b = 3a = 3$i +
3j (B) If a, b , c are forming (Q) ar.b = b .cr = cr.ar = 0
2
three adjacent sides of
r j r j regular tetrahedron, then
Þ a = $i + ; b = -$i +
r r r r r r r
If a ´ b = c , b ´ c = ar (R) ar ´ b = b ´ cr = cr ´ ar
2 2
(C)
then
æ$ j ö æ $ j ö
çç i + ÷÷ × çç -i + ÷÷ rr rr rr
2ø è 2 ø -3 r r r 3
\ cosq = è = (D) a, b , c are unit vectors (S) a.b + b .c + c .a = -
2
$i + j -$i + j 5
2 2 r r r
and a + b + c = 0 then
The correct matching is
r r r
B) a + b + c = 6 (a) A ® R ; B ® P; C ®P,Q; D ® S
 16 VECTOR & 3-D
(b) A ® R,S ; B ® P; C ®S; D ®Q
p p
(c) A ®P ; B ®R; C ® Q; D ®P,S (a) (b)
4 3
(d) A ® R ; B ®Q; C ®P; D ® S
p 2p
Ans: (a) (c) (d)
2 3
r r r r r r
Sol. (A) | a ´ b |=| b ´ c |=| c ´ a | = 2DABC Ans. (a)
r r r r r r Sol. Diagonal are given by vectors sum of adjacent side as
Also directions of a ´ b , b ´ c and c ´ a are the same.
below
r r r r r r ur r r r r r
Hence, a ´ b = b ´ c = c ´ a
b1 = 3a - 2b + 2c + -a - 2c
(B) For regular tetrahedron all sides are of equal length, hence,
r r r r r
| a |=| b |=| c | . Also, all the faces are equilateral triangle. = 2 a - 2b

r r r r uur r r r r r
Therefore, angle between a and b is 60º, b and c is 60º, and b2 = 3a - 2b + 2c - -a - 2c
r r r r r
between a and c is 60º
= 4 a - 2b + 4c
r r r r r r ur uur r r r r r
Hence, a . b = b . c = c . a
\ b1 × b2 = 2 a - 2b × 4a - 2b - 2b
r r r r r r r
(C) Since, a ´ b = c Þ a ^ c and b ^ c
= 8+ 4
r r r r r r r
and b ´ c = a Þ b ^ a and c ^ a 1
Þ cos q 2 2.6 = 12 Þ cosq =
r r r 2
Þ a, b , c are mutually perpendicular..
rr rr rr p
Þ a.b = b.c = c.a = 0 Þq =
4
r r r
(D) Since a + b + c = 0
52. Vectors 2aˆ - 3bˆ + 4cˆ , aˆ + 2bˆ - cˆ and xaˆ - bˆ + 2cˆ are
r2 r2 r2 rr rr rr coplanar, then x =
Þ a + b + c + 2(a.b + b.c + c.a) = 0
8 5
(a) (b)
rr rr rr 3 5 8
Þ a.b + b .c + c .a = -
2 (c) 0 (d) 1
Ans. (a)
Paragraph Type Questions
r r r r r r r r r
Sol. xa - b + 2c × é 2a - 3b + 4c ´ a + 2b - c ù = 0
Using the following passage, solve Q.51 to Q.54 ë û

PASSAGE
x -1 2
8
Þ 2 -3 4 = 0 Þ x =
ˆ bˆ and cˆ are such that
Three vectors a, 1 2 -1
5

aˆ ´ bˆ = c,
ˆ bˆ ´ cˆ = a, ˆ
ˆ cˆ ´ aˆ = b. r
53. ˆ yr = 2aˆ - b,
Let x = aˆ + b, ˆ then the point of intersection of
Answer the following questions : r r r r r r r r
straight lines r ´ x = y ´ x, r ´ y = x ´ y is
51. If vector 3aˆ - 2bˆ + 2cˆ and -aˆ - 2cˆ are adjacent sides of
a parallelogram, then an angle between the diagonals is (a) 2bˆ (c) 3bˆ

(c) 3aˆ (d) 2aˆ

 VECTOR & 3-D 17
Ans. (c)
3 1 -2 2 -4 1
r ur r (c) , , (d) , ,
Sol. r = y + l1 x ....L1 14 14 14 21 21 21
r r ur Ans. (a)
r = x + l2 y .....L2
Sol. Consider the given equation
Clearly for l1 = l2 = 1 x – y + z – 5 = 0 …..(1)
r r ur x – 3y – 6 = 0 …..(2)
r = x + y is point of intersection
r r x–6
\ r = 3a x = 3y + 6 ….(3) Þ y =
3
54. aˆ × bˆ ´ cˆ + bˆ × cˆ ´ aˆ + cˆ × aˆ ´ bˆ is equal to
Put the value of (x) in the equation (1), we get
(a) 1 (b) 3 3y + 6 – y + z = 5
(c) 0 (d) – 12 2y + z = 5 – 6
Ans. (b) 2y + z = –1

Sol. a × b$ ´ c$ + b$ × c$ ´ a + c$ × a ´ b$ y=
–z –1
2
Þ 3 é aˆ bˆ cˆ ù = 3 So, the given equation can be re-written as
ë û
x – 6 y z +1
3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY = =
3 1 –2

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] Hence, the directional ratios of the given line are
propotional 3, +1, –2
55. If the sum of the squares of the distance of a point from
the three coordinate axes be 36, then its distance from the
x -1 y - 2 z - 3
origin is 57. The straight lines = = and
1 2 3
(a) 6 (b) 3 2
x -1 y - 2 z - 3
= = are
(c) 2 3 (d) 6 2 2 2 -2
Ans. (b) (a) parallel lines (b) Intersecting at 60º
Sol. Let the point (x,y,z) (c) Skew lines (d) Intersecting at right angle
So, square of the distance from y-axis Ans. (d)
Sol. Both lines are passing through (1,2,3) point
= x2 + z2
1 × 2 + 2 × 2 + 3(-2)
Similarly from other axis are y 2 + z 2 and x 2 + y 2 cos q = =0
1 + 22 + 32 2 2 + 22 (-2) 2
2

\ x 2 + y 2 + y 2 + z 2 + z 2 + x 2 = 36
p
\q =
2
Þ x2 + y2 + z 2 = 3 2
58. If the foot of the perpendicular from the origin to a plane
56. The direction ratio’s of the line x – y + z – 5 = 0 = x – 3y – 6 are is P (a, b, c), the equation of the plane is
(a) 3, 1, –2 (b) 2, –4, 1
x y z
(a) + + =3
a b c
 18 VECTOR & 3-D
(b) ax + by + cz = 3
(c) (1 - cos q) 1 + 2 cos q (d) none of these
(c) ax + by + cz = a2 + b2 + c2
Ans. (c)
(d) ax + by + cz = a + b + c
Sol. We have
Ans. (c)
r r r
Sol. The equation of plane passing through P (a, b, c) & d.r of a = b = c =1
normal is
rr rr rr
a ( x - a ) + b ( y - b) + c ( z - c ) = 0 a.b = b.c = c.a = cos θ

ax + by + cz = a 2 + b2 + c 2 rr rr rr
a.a a.b a.c
r
r r 2 r r rr rr
59. Let A(1, 1, 1), B(2, 3, 5), C(–1, 0, 2) be three points, then éa b c ù = b.a b.b b.c
ë û
equation of a plane parallel to the plane ABC which is at rr rr rr
c.a c.b c.c
distance 2 from plane ABC

(a) 2x – 3y + z + 2 14 = 0 1 cos θ cos θ

(b) 2x – 3y + z – 14 = 0 = cos θ 1 cos θ
cos θ cos θ 1
(c) 2x – 3y + z + 2 = 0
(d) 2x – 3y + z – 2 = 0
= sin 2 θ – cos θ cos θ – cos 2 θ + cos θ cos2 θ – cos θ
Ans. (a)

Sol. Eqn of plane through A(1,1,1), B(2,3,5) and C(-1, 0, 2) is = sin 2 θ – cos 2 θ + cos3 θ + cos3θ – cos 2 θ

= sin 2 θ – 2cos 2 θ +2cos3 θ

x -1 y -1 z -1
1 2 4 =0 = 1 – 3cos 2 θ + 2cos 3 θ
2 1 -1
= cosθ – 1 2 cos 2 θ – cosθ – 1

Þ 2x - 3y + z = 0
= 1 – cosθ cos θ +1 – 2cos 2 θ
Let the plane be 2 x - 3 y + z + k = 0
= 1 – cosθ 1 – cosθ 2cos θ +1
k
= 2 Þ k = ±2 14 = 1 – cos θ
2
2 cos θ + 1
2 2 2
2 + 3 +1
r r r
So, the required planes are éa b c ù = 1 – cosθ 2cosθ +1
ë û
2 x - 3 y + z + 2 14 = 0 61. If line makes angle a,b,g,d with the four diagonals of a
2 2 2 2
cube, then the value of cos a + cos b + cos g + cos d =
r r r
60. Let a, b and c be non–coplanar unit vectors equally
(a) 1 (b) 4/3
r r r (c) 2/3 (d) Variable
inclined to one another at an acute angle q. Then éa b cù
ë û
Ans. (b)
in terms of q is equal to :
Sol. Vectors along the diagonal of cube may be taken as :
(a) (1 + cos q) cos 2q (b) (1 + cos q) 1 - 2 cos 2q
$i + j + k , $i + j - k , $i - j + k , - $i + j + k

Let l,m,n be direction ratio of vector along the line.

 VECTOR & 3-D 19

l +m+n l +n-m
2 x y z
Þ + + =1
cos 2 a = ;cos 2 g = 3a 3a 3a
3 l 2 + m2 + n2 3 l 2 + m 2 + n2
Intercepts on axes are 3a, 3a, and 3a, therefore sum of
reciprocal of these intercepts
2 2
2 l +n-m 2 -l + m + n
cos b = ;cos d = 1 1 1 1
3 l 2 + m2 + n2 3 l 2 + m2 + n2 = + + =
3a 3a 3a a
r r r
2 2 2 4 2
64. If a1 , a 2 and a 3 are non–coplanar vectors and
\ cos a + cos b + cos g + cos d =
3 r r r r
(x + y – 3) a1 + (2x – y + 2) a 2 + (2x + y + l) a 3 = 0
62. The equation of the plane which bisects the angle between
holds for some ‘x’ and ‘y’ then ‘l’ is
the planes 3x – 6y + 2z + 5 = 0 and 4x – 12y + 3z – 3 = 0
which contains the origin is 7
(a) (b) 2
(a) 33x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0 3
(b) x – 3y + z – 5 = 0
10 5
(c) 33x + 13y + 32z + 45 = 0 (c) - (d)
3 3
(d) None of these
Ans. (c)
Ans. (d) uur uur uur r
Sol. Equation of plane bisecting the planes and containing origin Sol. ( x + y - 3) a1 + (2 x - y + 2)a2 + (2 x + y + l )a3 = 0

3x - 6 y + 2 z + 5 -4 x + 12 y - 3 z + 3 Þ x + y - 3 = 0 ..(1)
=
32 + 6 2 + 22 42 + 12 2 + 32 2 x - y + 2 = 0 ..(2)

Q 3 ( -4) + ( -6) (12) + 2(-3) < 0 2 x - y + l = 0 ..(3)

Þ 67 x - 162 y + 47 z + 44 = 0 10
solving l = -
63. P is fixed point (a, a, a) on a line through the origin equally 3
inclined to the axes, then any plane through P perpendicular 65. Equation of plane which passes through the point of
to OP, makes intercepts on the axes, the sum of whose
x -1 y - 2 z - 3
reciprocals is equal to intersection of lines = = and
3 1 2
(a) a (b) a/2
x - 3 y -1 z - 2
(c) 3a/2 (d) 1/a = = and at greatest distance from the
1 2 3
Ans. (d)
point (0, 0, 0) is :
Sol. Since, the line is equally inclined to the axes and passes
(a) 4x + 3y + 5z = 25 (b) 4x + 3y + 5z = 50
through the origin, its directions ratios are 1, 1, 1.
(c) 3x + 4y + 5z = 49 (d) x + 7y – 5z = 2
x y z Ans. (b)
So, its equation is = =
1 1 1
Sol. A point on line 1
A point P on it is given by (a, a, a). So, equation of the
plane through P(a, a, a) and perpendicular to OP is 3l + 1, l + 2, 2l + 3
1(x– a) + 1(y – a) +1(z – a) = 0 Lies on line 2
(\OP is normal to the plane)
3l - 2 l + 1 2l + 1
i.e., x + y + z = 3a = =
1 2 3

6l - 4 = l + 1
 20 VECTOR & 3-D

5l = 5 1 r r r r r r
= éa ´ c – b ´ c – a ´ b ù
l =1 2ë û

So, point (4,3,5) r r r r

\ a1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4
So, plane is
1 r r r r r r r r r r r r
4( x - 4) + 3( y - 3) + 5( z - 5) = 0 = éa ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a + a ´ c – b ´ c – a ´ b ù
2ë û
4 x + 3 y + 5 z = 50
1 r r r r
66. Consider a tetrahedron with faces f 1, f 2 , f 3, f 4. Let = c´a + a´c
2
r r r r
a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 be the vectors whose magnitudes are
respectively equal to the areas of f1, f2, f3, f4 & whose 1 r r r r
= c´a – c´a
directions are perpendicular to these faces in the outward 2
direction. Then
r r r r r 1 r
r r r r = 0
(a) a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 = 0 (b) a 1 + a 3 = a 2 + a 4 2
r r r r r r r r r
(c) a 1 + a 2 = a 3 + a 4 (d) none Þ a1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 = 0
Ans. (a) 67. A variable plane passes through a fixed point (1, 2, 3).
The locus of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from
origin to this plane is :
2 2 2
(a) x + y + z – x – 2y – 3z = 0
2 2 2
(b) x + 2y + 3z – x – 2y – 3z = 0
2 2 2
(c) x + 4y + 9z + x + 2y + 3 = 0
2 2 2
(d) x + y + z + x + 2y + 3z = 0
Sol.
Ans. (a)
Sol. Let (X, Y, Z) be the foot of perpendicular form origin and
point (1, 2, 3) lies on the plane
So we get X (x - 1) + Y(y - 2) + Z(z - 3) = 0
Xx - x +Yy - 2y +Zz - 3z = 0
Replacing X, Y, Z with x, y, z gives us the locus of foot of
Problem is represented in the figure perpendicular
2 2 2
from figure, x + y + z - x - 2y - 3z = 0
68. Equation of line in the plane P : 2x – y + z – 4 = 0 which is
r 1 r r
area of a1 = a ´ b perpendicular to the line l whose equation is
2
x -2 y-2 z -3
= = and which passes through the point
r 1 r r 1 -1 -2
area of a2 = b ´ c
2 of intersection of l and P is

r 1 r r x - 2 y -1 z -1 x -1 y - 3 z - 5
area of a3 = c ´ a (a) = = (b) = =
2 3 5 -1 3 5 -1

r 1 r r r r (c)
x + 2 y +1 z +1
= = (d)
x - 2 y -1 z -1
= =
area of a 4 = é a – b ´ c – b ù 2 -1 1 2 -1 1
2 ë û
Ans. (b)
 VECTOR & 3-D 21

x –2 y –2 3–3 x -1 y + 2 z
Sol. l: = = =l = =
1 –1 2 2 3 5
POI x = l + 2, y = – l + 2, z = –2 l + 3 a + 2b + 4 = 0 ...(ii )
P : 2x – y + z – 4 = 0
and 2 a + 3b + 5c = 0 ...(iii )
r
n = 2iˆ – ˆj + kˆ
From (i),(ii) and (iii)
Let the req. line be L
a = 2, b = -3, c = 1
We know L ^ l
\1000.2 + 100( -3) + 10.1 = 1710
We know nr ^ P
r 70. If the reflection of the point P(1, 0, 0) in the line
Þ n ^l
x - 1 y + 1 z + 10
= = is (a, b, g). Find – (a + b + g)
2 -3 8
iˆ ˆj kˆ
r r r
Þ L = n ´ l = 2 –1 1 Ans (7)
1 –1 –2 Sol. Let reflection of P(1, 0, 0) in the line

r x - 1 y + 1 z + 10
= = be (a, b, g)
L = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj – kˆ 2 -3 8
Dr’s <3, 5, –1>
æ a +1 b g ö
Now POI lies on plane P then ç , , ÷ lies on the line.
è 2 2 2ø
2(x) – y + z – 4 = 0
2(l + 2) –(– l + 2) + (–2 l + 3) = 4 & (a–1) iˆ + b ˆj + g kˆ is perpendicular to 2iˆ - 3 ˆj + 8kˆ
l+1=0
a +1 b g
l=–1 -1 +1 + 10
\ 2 = 2 = 2 =l
x=l+2=1 2 -3 8
y=–l+2=3
and 2(a – 1) – 3(b)+ g(8) = 0
z = –2 l + 3 = 5
Þa = 5, b = – 8, g = – 4
Dr’s (3, 5, –1) <3, 5, –1>
71. In a regular tetrahedron let q be the angle between any
x –1 y – 3 z – 5
L: = = a
3 5 –1 edge and a face not containing the edge. If cos2q =
b
+
where a, b Î I also a and b are coprime, then find the
Numeric Value Type Questions
value of (10a + b)
69. If equation of the plane through the straight line Ans: (13)
x -1 y + 2 z
= = and perpendicular to the plane C
2 -3 5
x – y + z + 2 = 0 is ax – by + cz + 4 = 0, then find the value
of 103a + 102b + 10 c. qA
Sol.
Ans. (1710) G B
O
Sol. x - y + z + 2 = 0 ^ is ax – by + cz + 4 = 0

Þ a + b + c = 0 ...(i ) Let OABC be the tetrahedron. Let G be the centroid of

 22 VECTOR & 3-D
r r r r r
1 points A, B, C and D and 3a - 2b + 5c - 6d = 0, then points
the face OAB, then GA = AC.
3 A, B, C and D are coplanar.
Reason : Three non zero, linearly dependent co–initial
GA 1
Then cos q = = vectors PQ, PR and PS are coplanar..
CA 3
(a) A (b) B
1 (c) C (d) D
\ cos2q =
3 (e) E

\ a = 1 and b = 3 Ans. (b)

r r r ur
\ 10 a + b = 13 Sol. 3a - 2b + 5c - 6d = 0
72. If the planes x – cy – bz = 0, cx – y + az = 0 and As 3 - 2 + 5 - 6 = 0 Þ A, B, C , D are coplanar
bx + ay – z = 0 pass through a straight line, then find the
value of a2 + b 2 + c2 + 2abc. A ® True
Ans (1) R ® True, but not explanation
Sol. Given planes are r r r
74. Assertion : If a = 3î + k̂, b = -î + 2 ĵ + k̂, c = î + ĵ + k̂ and
x – cy – bz = 0 ... (i)
r
cx – y + az = 0 ... (ii) d = 2î - ĵ , then there exist real numbers a, b, g such that
bx + ay – z = 0 ... (iii) r r r r
a = ab + bc + gd
equation of plane passing through the line of intersection
r r r r
of plane (i) and (ii) may be taken as Reason : a , b, c, d are four vectors in a 3–dimensional
(x – cy –bz) + l (cx – y + az) = 0 r r r
space. If b, c, d are non–coplanar, then there exist real
Þ (1 + lc) x – y (c + l) + z (al – b) = 0 ....(iv) r r r r
numbers a, b, g such that a = ab + bc + gd
If plane (iii) and (iv) are same then
(a) A (b) B
1 + l c -(c + l ) al - b (c) C (d) D
= =
b a -1 (e) E
Ans. (b)
a + bc ab + c
Þl=– =– Sol. Coplanarity check :
ac + b 1 - a2
Þ a – a3 + bc – a2 bc = a2 bc + ac2 + ab2 + bc -1 2 1
Þ a2 + b 2 + c2 + 2abc = 1 1 1 1 = 0 i.e coplanar vectors
2 -1 0
Assertion and Reason type:

Use the following codes to answer the questions 3 0 1

r r r ur
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason -1 2 1 = 0 i.e a, b, c, d all are coplanar
is the correct explanation of assertion.
1 1 1
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but and
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. A ® True
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
R ® True , but not explanation
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.
75. Assertion : A point on the straight line 2x + 3y – 4z = 5,
(E) If assertion and reason are both false. 3x – 2y + 4z = 7 can be determined by taking x = k and
r r r r then solving the two equations for y and z, where k is any
73. Assertion : Let a , b, c and d are position vectors of four
real number except 12/5.
 VECTOR & 3-D 23
Reason : If c’ ¹ kc, then the straight line
æ 38 57 185 ö
ax + by + cz + d = 0, kax + kby + c’z + d’ = 0, does not (D) Image of the point (2, 5, 1) in (S) ç , , ÷
intersect the plane z = a, where a is any real number except è 29 29 29 ø

d '- kd the plane 3x – 2y + 4z – 5 = 0 is

.
kc - c ' Correct matching is

(a) A (b) B (a) A-R; B-P; C-S; D-Q

(c) C (d) D (b) A-R; B-S; C-P; D-Q
(e) E (c) A-R; B-P; C-Q; D-S
Ans. (d) (d) A-P; B-R; C-S; D-Q
Sol. A ® false, as it might be the case, no point on the line Ans: (a)
have x-coordinate=k. We won’t be able to solve
Take z = a Sol. (2 + 2r - 1)$i + (1 + 3r - 2) j + (2 + 4r - 3) k × 2$i + 3 j + 4k

ax + by + ca + d = 0 =0

kax + kby + c 'a + d ' = 0 5

Þr= \ point º 2r + 2,3r + 1, 4r + 2
For solution : 29

1 ca + d æ 68 44 78 ö
= . also depends on d, d ' ºç , , ÷
k c 'a + d ' è 29 29 29 ø

Match the Following B) 2(2 r + 2 - 1) + (3r + 1 - 2)3 + 4(2 + 4r - 3) = 0

Each question has two columns. Four options are given æ 68 44 78 ö

Þ foot º ç , , ÷
representing matching of elements from Column-I and è 29 29 29 ø
Column-II. Only one of these four options corresponds
æ 107 30 69 ö
to a correct matching.For each question, choose the \ Image : ç , , ÷
è 29 29 29 ø
option corresponding to the correct matching.
r
76. Column–I Column–II C) r = 2$i + 3 j + 5k + l 2$i + 3 j - 4k

æ 107 30 69 ö \ (2 + 2l ).2 + (3 + 3l ).3 - 4(5 - 4l ) + 17 = 0

(A) Foot of perp. drawn for (P) ç , , ÷
è 29 29 29 ø
-10 æ 38 57 185 ö
point (1, 2, 3) to the line Þl = \P º ç , , ÷
29 è 29 29 29 ø
x - 2 y -1 z - 2
= = is D) Let the image be (2 + 3l ,5 - 2l ,1 + 4l )
2 3 4
é 3l ù
æ 88 125 69 ö \ 3 × ê 2 + ú - 2[5 - l ] + 4[1 + 2l ] = 5
(B) Image of line point (1, 2, 3) in (Q) ç , , ÷ ë 2û
è 29 29 29 ø

x - 2 y -1 z - 2 10 æ 88 129 69 ö
the line = = is Þl= \P º ç , , ÷
2 3 4 29 è 29 29 29 ø

æ 68 44 78 ö
(C) Foot of perpendicular from (R) ç , , ÷
è 29 29 29 ø
the point (2, 3, 5) to the plane
2x + 3y – 4z + 17 = 0 is
 24 VECTOR & 3-D
77. Consider three planes ®

P1 : 2x + y + z = 1 Projection of PQ on x axis = | PQ .î | = 1

P2 : x – y + z = 2
P3 : ax + y + 3z = 5 (C)
The three planes intersects each other at point P on XOY
plane and at point Q on YOZ plane. O is the origin.
Column-I Column-II Equation of line PQ is
(A) The value of a is (P) 1
x -1 y +1 z
(B) The length of projection of PQ (Q) 2 = = =l
-1 1/ 2 3/ 2
on x-axis is
3l
(C) If the coordinates of point R on (R) 4 let R º (–l + 1, l/2 – 1, )
2
the line PQ situated at minimum
® ®
distance from point ‘O’ are (a, b, c),
OR . PQ = 0
then the value of 7a + 14b +14c is
1 æl ö 9l
a Þ –1 (–l + 1) + ç – 1÷ + =0
(D) If the area of DPOQ is (S) 3 2 è2 ø 4
b
Þ l = 3/7
Then the value of a – b is where
a & b are co prime numbers æ 4 – 11 9 ö
\ R ºç , , ÷
The correct matching is è 7 14 14 ø

(a) A ®S ; B ® P ;C ® Q; D ®R Þ 7a + 14b + 14c = 2

(b) A ®P ; B ®R ;C ® Q; D ® S
1 ® ® 19
(D) Area = = \a–b=3
(c) A ®R ; B ®Q ;C ®P; D ® S 2 | PQ´ OQ | 16
(d) A ®R ; B ® P ;C ® Q; D ® S
Paragraph Type Questions
Ans: (d)
Sol. Using the following passage, solve Q. 78 to Q. 80
(A) Since these 3 planes intersect on a line, so they must
have infinite solutions PASSAGE

2 1 1 Let a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 be

two planes, where d1, d2 > 0. Then origin lies in acute angle
1 – 1 1 = 0 Þa = 4
if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 < 0 and origin lies in obtuse angle if
a –1 3 a1a2 + b1 b2 + c1c2 > 0.

(B) Put z = 0 in P1& P2 Further point (x1, y1, z1) and origin both lie either in acute
angle or in obtuse angle, if (a1x1 + b1y1 + c1z1 + d 1)
2x + y = 1 and x – y = 2
(a2x1 + b2y1 + c2z1 + d2) > 0. One of (x1, y1, z1) and origin
\ P º (1, –1, 0) lie in acute angle and the other in obtuse angle, if
Put x = 0 in P1& P2 (a1x1 + b1y1 + c1z1 + d1) (a2x1 + b2y1 + c2z1 + d2) < 0
y + z = 1 and – y + z = 2 78. Given the planes 2x + 3y – 4z + 7 = 0 and
\ Q º [0, -1/2, 3/2] x – 2y + 3z – 5 = 0, if a point P is (1, –2, 3), then
(a) O and P both lie in acute angle between the planes
® 1 3
PQ = – î + ĵ + k̂ (b) O and P both lie in obtuse angle
2 2
(c) O lies in acute angle, P lies in obtuse angle
 VECTOR & 3-D 25
(d) O lies in obtuse angle, P lies an acute angle.
Ans. (b)
Sol. (2.1 + 3.(–2) + (–4)(3) + 7)(1.1 + (–2)(–2) + (3)(3) – 5) < 0
O and P lie in adjacent region bisector containing origin.

2x + 3y - 4z + 7 - x + 2 y + 5 - 3z
=
2 2 2
2 +3 +4 12 + 2 2 + 32

As 2.( -1) + 3 ´ 2 - 4 ´ ( -3) > 0

Origin and P lie is obtuse angle
79. Given the planes x + 2y – 3z + 5 = 0 and
2x + y + 3z + 1 =0. If a point P is (2, –1, 2), then
(a) O and P both lie in acute angle between the planes
(b) O and P both lie in obtuse angle
(c) O lies in acute angle, P lies in obtuse angle
(d) O lies in obtuse angle, P lies an acute angle.
Ans. (c)
Sol. (1.2 + 2.(–1) + (–3)(2) + 5)(2.2 + (1)(–1) + 3(2) + 1) < 0

x + 2 y - 3z + 5 2x + y + 3z + 1
=
2 2 2
1 +2 +3 2 2 + 12 + 32
Now,
1.2 + 2.1 - 3.3 < 0
Origin lies in acute,P lies in obtuse
80. Given the planes x + 2y – 3z + 2 = 0 and
x – 2y + 3z + 7 = 0, if the point P is (1, 2, 2), then
(a) O and P both lie in acute angle between the planes
(b) O and P both lie in obtuse angle
(c) O lies in acute angle, P lies in obtuse angle
(d) O lies in obtuse angle, P lies an acute angle.
Ans. (b)
Sol. (1.1 + 2.2 + (–3)(2) + 2)(1.1 + (–2)(2) + 3.2 + 7) > 0
Both O and P lie in same angle bisector containing
origin

x + 2 y - 3z + 2 x - 2 y + 3z + 7
=
2 2 2
x +2 +3 12 + 22 + 32

Now, 1.1 + 2.( -2) - 3.3 < 0

Both lie in obtuse region