Credit Hours

BBS 3 hours
Unit 2: Programming Language and Language Translator
Lecture Hours: 3hrs.

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Programming Language : Introduction

Types of Programming Language :
oMachine Level Language
oAssembly Level Language
oHigh level Language
Language Translator: Introduction
Types of Language Translator :
o Assembler
o Compiler
o Interpreter
Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav
 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
A programming language is a computer language that is used by
programmers (developers) to communicate with computers.
A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control
the behaviour of a machine, particularly a computer.
Programming languages, like human languages, are defined through the use
of syntactic and semantic rules i.e. a set of symbols, grammars and rules to
determine structure and meaning respectively
It is a set of instructions written in any specific language ( C, C++, Java,
Python) to perform a specific task.
The programmer communicates with a machine using programming
languages.
Most of the programs have a highly structured set of rules.

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
Most Popular Programming Languages –
Fortran
Pascal
QBASIC
PASCAL
C
C++
Python
Java
C#
PHP
JavaScript
Perl etc.
Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav
 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
Characteristics of a programming Language –
A programming language must be simple, easy to learn and use, have good
readability, and be human recognizable.
A portable programming language is always preferred.
Programming language’s efficiency must be high so that it can be easily
converted into a machine code and executed consumes little space in memory.
A programming language should be well structured and documented so that it is
suitable for application development.
The language must be platform independent i.e the program developed using the
programming language can run on any computer system.

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Characteristics of a programming Language –

The programs developed in the language must make efficient use of memory as
well as other computer resources
Necessary tools for the development, debugging, testing, maintenance of a
program must be provided by a programming language.
A programming language should provide a single environment known as
Integrated Development Environment(IDE).
A programming language must be consistent in terms of syntax and semantics.

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
 The primary classifications of programming languages are:

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
Machine Level Language
Low-Level language is the only language which can be understood by the
computer. Low-level language is also known as Machine Language.
The machine language contains only two symbols 1 & 0. All the instructions
of machine language are written in the form of binary numbers 1's & 0's. A
computer can directly understand the machine language.
It is very difficult to understand, but it is the only thing that the computer can
work with.
All programs and programming languages eventually generate or run
programs in machine language.
Machine language is made up of instructions and data that are all binary
numbers.

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Machine Level Language

 The ASCII character 'A' is the same as 65
 Machine language example
Below is an example of machine language (binary) for the text "Hello World."

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
Assembly Language (middle level language)
Middle-level language is a computer language in which the instructions are
created using symbols such as letters, digits and special characters.
Assembly language is an example of middle-level language. In assembly
language, we use predefined words called mnemonics. Binary code instructions
in low-level language are replaced with mnemonics and operands in middle-
level language. But the computer cannot understand mnemonics, so we use a
translator called Assembler to translate mnemonics into machine language.
Assembler is a translator which takes assembly code as input and produces
machine code as output. That means, the computer cannot understand middle-
level language, so it needs to be translated into a low-level language to make it
understandable by the computer. Assembler is used to translate middle-level
language into low-level language.
Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav
 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
High Level Language(HLL)
High-level language is a computer language which can be understood by the
users.
The high-level language is very similar to human languages and has a set of
grammar rules that are used to make instructions more easily.
Every high-level language has a set of predefined words known as Keywords
and a set of rules known as Syntax to create instructions.
The high-level language is easier to understand for the users but the computer
can not understand it.
High-level language needs to be converted into the low-level language to make
it understandable by the computer. We use Compiler or interpreter to convert
HLL to Low Level Language(LLL).
Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav
 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours
High Level Language(HLL)
Languages like FORTRAN,C, C++, JAVA, Python, etc., are examples of high-level
languages. All these programming languages use human-understandable
language like English to write program instructions. These instructions are
converted to low-level language by the compiler or interpreter so that it can be
understood by the computer.

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav

 Credit Hours
BBS 3 hours

The end

Compiled by: Er. Jeet Narayan Yadav