Density – Unit 11
Think of the mass and volume of below instances,
1. Glass of water
2. Well
3. Reservoir
Equation of density
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
D𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Ratio of mass of water to its volume is constant. (any substance)
Definition - The mass per unit volume of a substance.
• Density –
• Mass –
• Volume –
Units of density
What is the Standard International Unit of density (SI)?
• Densities of various substances differ from each other.
• It is a special property of any substance.
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Example 01
Mass – 2000kg, Volume – 2m3. Find the density.
Example 02
Mass – 200kg, Density - 800kgm-3. Find Volume.
Example 03
Mass – 95g, Volume – 950ml. Find density.
Example 04
Density – 3gcm-3, Volume – 100cm3. Find mass.
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Hydrometers
• To find the density, we could measure mass and volume. (Time consuming)
• Equipment used to measure density – hydrometer
1. It is made of a thin glass tube.
2. Lower part is blown to form a bulb.
3. Bulb is filled with lead shots (Tube is submerged and float vertically)
When a hydrometer is partially immersed and floating. Length of the immersed part
shows the density)
• Sink less • Sink high
• High density • Low density
• Immersed height is low • Immersed height is high
Density of some common liquids
Liquid Density
Kgm-3
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Uses of hydrometer
1. To identify the amount of water in the milk – Lactometer
2. To identify the percentage of alcohol in alcoholic drink – Alcoholmeter
3. Condition of batteries are examined with a hydrometer according to the changes in
lead – acid batteries – Battery hydrometer
4. To calculate the density of soil solution - Soil hydrometer
5. To measure the density of the sea water due to high concentration of salts – Sea water
hydrometer
6. To measure the composition of rubber - Metrolac
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