Linear Equation in Two VariableAlgebraSolution
Linear Equation in Two VariableAlgebraSolution
me/makeducation
3𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 26 …..(i)
𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 22 …..(ii)
Solution:
𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 10
𝑥 = 10 − 7𝑦 …(i)
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 ….(ii)
Substituting 𝑥 = 10 − 7𝑦 in equation (ii), we get
3(10 − 7𝑦) − 2𝑦 = 7
30 − 21𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 7
−23𝑦 = 7 − 30
−23𝑦 = −23
−23
𝑦= =1
−23
Substituting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (i), we get
𝑥 = 10 − 7𝑦
= 10 − 7(1)
= 10 − 7 = 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
iii. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 [2 Marks]
Solution:
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9 … (i)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 … (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
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we get
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
− − −
−4𝑦 = −4
−4
𝑦= =1
−4
Substituting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (ii), we get 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
2𝑥 + 1 = 13
2𝑥 = 12
12
𝑥= =6
2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (6,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
5 m − 3n = 19 ….(i)
𝑚 − 6𝑛 = −7
m = 6n − 7 …..(ii)
Substituting m = 6n − 7 in equation (i), we get
5(6𝑛 − 7) − 3𝑛 = 19
30𝑛 − 35 − 3𝑛 = 19
27𝑛 = 19 + 35
27𝑛 = 54
54
𝑛= =2
27
Substituting n = 2 in equation (ii), we get m = 6n − 7
= 6(2) − 7
= 12 − 7 = 5
(m, n) = (5,2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
v. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −3; 𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4 [2 Marks]
Solution:
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −3 …(i)
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𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4
𝑥 = 4 − 5𝑦 ….(ii)
Substituting 𝑥 = 4 − 5𝑦 in equation (i), we get 5(4 − 5𝑦) +
2𝑦 = −3
20 − 25𝑦 + 2𝑦 = −3
−23𝑦 = −3 − 20
−23𝑦 = −23
−23
𝑦= =1
−23
Substituting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (ii), we get 𝑥 = 4 − 5𝑦
= 4 − 5(1)
= 4 − 5 = −1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (−1,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
1 10 1 11
vi. 𝑥+𝑦 = ; 2𝑥 + 4 𝑦 = [3 Marks]
3 3 4
Solution:
1 10
𝑥+𝑦 =
3 3
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10 … [ Multiplying both sides by 3 ]
𝑥 = 10 − 3𝑦…(i)
1 11
2𝑥 + 𝑦 =
4 4
8𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 …(ii)[Multiplying both sides by 4] Substituting
𝑥 = 10 − 3𝑦 in equation (ii), we get 8(10 − 3𝑦) + 𝑦 = 11
80 − 24𝑦 + 𝑦 = 11
−23𝑦 = 11 − 80
−23𝑦 = −69
−69
𝑦= =3
−23
Substituting 𝑦 = 3 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 = 10 − 3(3)
= 10 − 9 = 1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,3) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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Solution:
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 …(iii)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 …(iv)
𝑥−𝑦 =4
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 = 14
14
𝑥= =7
2
Substituting 𝑥 = 7 in equation (iv), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
7 + 𝑦 = 10
𝑦 = 10 − 7 = 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (7,3) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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𝑥 3 −𝟐 𝟎
𝑦 0 5 3
ii. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4
𝑥 𝟒 −1 0
𝑦 0 −𝟓 −4
i. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 [3 Marks]
𝑥+𝑦 =6 𝑥−𝑦 =4
∴ 𝑦 =6−𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 =𝑥−4
𝑥 0 6 3 4 𝑥 0 4 2 5
𝑦 6 0 3 2 𝑦 −4 0 −2 1
(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,6) (6,0) (3,3) (4,2) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −4)(4,0) (2, −2)(5,1)
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ii. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 |3 Marks]
Solution:
𝑥+𝑦 =5 𝑥−𝑦 =3
∴ 𝑦 =5−𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 =𝑥−3
𝑥 0 5 2 3 𝑥 0 3 2 1
𝑦 5 0 3 2 𝑦 −3 0 −1 −2
(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,5) (5,0) (2,3) (3,2) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −3)(3,0) (2, −1)(1, −2)
iii. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9 [3 Marks]
𝑥+𝑦 =0 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9
𝑦 = −𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 9
𝑥 0 2 −2 −1 𝑥 0 2 5 4
𝑦 0 −2 2 1 𝑦 −9 −5 1 −1
iv. 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 [3 Marks]
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
∴ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2
𝑥 0 1 2 3
𝑥 0 1 −1 2
𝑦 −3 −1 1 3
𝑦 −2 1 −5 4
(𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −3)(1, −1)(2,1) (3,3)
(𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −2)(1,1) (−1, −5)
(2,4)
v. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −7; 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 [4 Marks]
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −7 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
∴ 4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7 2𝑦 = 5𝑥
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7 5
3𝑥 + 7 𝑦= 𝑥
∴ 𝑦= 2
4
𝑥 0 2 −2 1
𝑥 −1 −5 3 5
𝑦 0 5 −5 2.5
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vi. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4; 3𝑦 − 𝑥 = 4 [4 Marks]
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 3𝑦 − 𝑥 = 4
∴ 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 ∴ 3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4
2𝑥 − 4 𝑥+4
𝑦= :𝑦= 3
3
𝑥 2 −4 5 −1
𝑥 2 −1 5 8
𝑦 2 0 3 1
𝑦 0 −2 2 4
(𝑥, 𝑦) (2,2) (−4,0)(5,3) (−1,1)
(𝑥, 𝑦) (2,0) (−1, −2)
(5,2) (8,4)
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5 3
(2) | |
−7 0
5 3
| | = (5 × 0) − (3 × −7)
−7 0
= 0 − (−21)
5 3
| | = 21
−7 0
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7 5
(3) |33 3
1|
2 2
7 5
7 1 5 3
|3 3| =( × )−( × )
3 1 3 2 3 2
2 2
7 15 7 − 15
= − =
6 6 6
−8
=
6
7 5
|3 3| = −4
3 1 3
2 2
(2) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0; 6𝑥 = 8 − 5𝑦
The given simultaneous equations are 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
…(i) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4
6𝑥 = 8 − 5𝑦
1
6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8
Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 4, b1 = 3, c1 = 4 and
a2 = 6, b2 = 5, c2 = 8
a b1 4 3
D=| 1 | =| | = (4 × 5) − (3 × 6)
a2 b2 6 5
= 20 − 18 = 2 ≠ 0
c b1 4 3
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| | = (4 × 5) − (3 × 8)
c2 b2 8 5
= 20 − 24 = −4
a1 c1 4 4
D𝑦 = |a c | = | | = (4 × 8) − (4 × 6)
2 2 6 8
= 32 − 24 = 8
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
−4 8
𝑥= and 𝑦 = 2
2
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦 = 4
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (−2,4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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(3) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −1; 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
The given simultaneous equations are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −1
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c1 = −1 and
a2 = 2, b2 = −3, c2 = 12
a b1 1 2
D=| 1 | =| | = (1 × −3) − (2 × 2)
a2 b2 2 −3
= −3 − 4 = −7 ≠ 0
c b1 −1 2
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| | = (−1 × −3) − (2 × 12)
c2 b2 12 −3
= 3 − 24 = −21
a1 c1 1 −1
D𝑦 = |a c2 | =| | = (1 × 12) − (−1 × 2)
2 2 12
= 12 − (−2) = 12 + 2 = 14
D𝑥 D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
D D
−21 14
𝑥= and 𝑦 = −7
−7
𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3, −2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
(4) 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −12; 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2
The given simultaneous equations are 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −12
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −6 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 2] 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2
(ii) Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing
the given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 3, b1 = −2, c1 = −6 and
a2 = 8, b2 = −3, c2 = −2
𝑎 𝑏1 3 −2
𝐷=| 1 |=| | = (3 × −3) − (−2 × 8)
𝑎2 𝑏2 8 −3
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= −9 − (−16)
= −9 + 16 = 7 ≠ 0
c b1 −6 −2
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| | = (−6 × −3) − (−2 × −2)
c2 b2 −2 −3
= 18 − 4 = 14
a1 c1 3 −6
D𝑦 = |a c | = | | = (3 × −2) − (−6 × 8)
2 2 8 −2
= −6 − (−48)
= −6 + 48 = 42
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
14 42
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
7 7
𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 6
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,6) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
(5) 4𝑚 + 6𝑛 = 54; 3𝑚 + 2𝑛 = 28
The given simultaneous equations are 4𝑚 + 6𝑛 = 54
2 m + 3n = 27 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 2] 3 m + 2n = 28
Equations (i) and (ii) are in am + bn = c form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 m + b1 n = c1 and a2 m + b2 n = c2 ,
we get a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = 27 and
a2 = 3, b2 = 2, c2 = 28
a1 b1
2 3
D=| =| || = (2 × 2) − (3 × 3)
a2 b2
3 2
= 4 − 9 = −5 ≠ 0
c b1 27 3
Dm = | 1 | =| | = (27 × 2) − (3 × 28)
c2 b2 28 2
= 54 − 84 = −30
a1 c1 2 27
Dn = |a c | = | | = (2 × 28) − (27 × 3)
2 2 3 28
= 56 − 81 = −25
By Cramer’s rule, we get
Dm Dn
m= and n =
D D
−30 −25
m= and n =
−5 −5
m = 6 and n = 5
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𝑦 1
(6) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2; 𝑥 − 2 = 2
The given simultaneous equations are 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
𝑦 1
…(i) 𝑥 − 2 = 2
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 …(ii) [Multiplying both sides by 2] Equations (i)
and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the given
equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = 2 and
a2 = 2, b2 = −1, c2 = 1
a b1 2 3
D=| 1 |=| | = (2 × −1) − (3 × 2)
a2 b2 2 −1
= −2 − 6 = −8 ≠ 0
c b1 2 3
D𝑥 = | 1 |=| | = (2 × −1) − (3 × 1)
c2 b2 1 −1
= −2 − 3 = −5
a1 c1 2 2
D𝑦 = |a c2 | = | | = (2 × 1) − (2 × 2)
2 2 1
= 2 − 4 = −2
D𝑥 D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
D D
−5 −2
𝑥 = −8 and 𝑦 = −8
5 1
𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 4
5 1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (8 , 4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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Exercise 1.4
1 Solve the following simultaneous equations.
. (1) 2 − 3 = 15; 8 + 5 = 77
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
Solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
2 3
− = 15 ….(i)
𝑥 𝑦
8 5
+ 𝑦 = 77 …..(ii)
𝑥
1 1
Let 𝑥 = p and 𝑦 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become 2𝑝 − 3𝑞 = 15
8p + 5q = 77
Multiplying equation (iii) by 4 , we get
8p − 12q = 60 … (v)
Subtracting equation (v) from (iv), we get
8p + 5q = 77
8𝑝 − 12𝑞 = 60
−++−
17q = 17
17
q= =1
17
Substituting q = 1 in equation (iii), we get 2𝑝 − 3𝑞 = 15
2p − 3(1) = 15
2𝑝 − 3 = 15
2p = 15 + 3 = 18
18
p= =9
2
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(p, q) = (9,1)
1 1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 9 = and 1 =
𝑥 𝑦
1
𝑥 = 9 and 𝑦 = 1
1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (9 , 1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
10 2 15 5
(2) 𝑥+𝑦 + 𝑥−𝑦 = 4; 𝑥+𝑦 − 𝑥−𝑦 = −2
solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
10 2
+ 𝑥−𝑦 = 4 … (i)
𝑥+𝑦
15 5
− = −2 … (ii)
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Let 𝑥+𝑦 = p and 𝑥−𝑦 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become
10𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 4
5p + q = 2 … (iii) [ Dividing both sides by 2 ]
15𝑝 − 5𝑞 = −2 … (iv)
Multiplying equation (iii) by 5, we get
25p + 5q = 10 … (v)
Adding equations (iv) and (v), we get
15𝑝 − 5𝑞 = −2
+25𝑝 + 5𝑞 = 10
40𝑝 =8
8 1
p= =
40 5
1
Substituting p = 5 in equation (iii), we get
5𝑝 + 𝑞 = 2
1
5( ) + q = 2
5
1+𝑞 =2
q=2−1=1
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1
(p, q) = ( , 1)
5
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
1 1 1
= 𝑥+𝑦 and 1 = 𝑥−𝑦
5
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 …(vi)
and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 …(vii) Adding equations (vi) and (vii), we get
𝑥+𝑦 =5
𝑥−𝑦 =1
2𝑥 = 6
6
𝑥= =3
2
Substituting 𝑥 = 3 in equation (vi), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
3+𝑦 =5
𝑦 =5−3=2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3,2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
27 31 31 27
(3) 𝑥−2 + 𝑦+3 = 85; 𝑥−2 + 𝑦+3 = 89
Solution:
27 31
The given simultaneous equations are + 𝑦+3 = 85
𝑥−2
31 27
+ = 89
𝑥−2 𝑦+3
1 1
Let 𝑥−2 = p and 𝑦+3 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become 27p + 31q = 85
31p + 27q = 89
…(iv) Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
27p + 31q = 85
31𝑝+27𝑞=89
+
58𝑝+58𝑞=174
174
𝑝+𝑞 =
58
[Dividing both sides by 58 ]
p + q = 3 …(v)
Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii), we get
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27p + 31q = 85
31p + 27q = 89
− − −
------------------------
−4p + 4q = −4
−4
𝑝−𝑞 =
−4
…[Dividing both sides by −4 ]
p − q = 1 … (vi)
Adding equations (v) and (vi), we get
𝑝+𝑞 =3
+ 𝑝−𝑞 =1
-------------------
2𝑝 = 4
4
p= =2
2
Substituting p = 2 in equation (v), we get 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 3
2+𝑞 =3
q=3−2=1
(p, q) = (2,1)
1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 2 = 𝑥−2 and
1
1 = 𝑦+3
2(𝑥 − 2) = 1 and 𝑦 + 3 = 1
2𝑥 − 4 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1 − 3
2𝑥 = 1 + 4 and 𝑦 = −2
2𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = −2
5
𝑥=
2
and 𝑦 = −2
5
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2 , −2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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1 1 3 1 1 1
(4) 3𝑥+𝑦 + 3𝑥−𝑦 = 4 ; 2(3𝑥+𝑦) − 2(3𝑥−𝑦) = − 8
Solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
1 1 3
+ 3𝑥−𝑦 = 4 …..(i)
3𝑥+𝑦
1 1 1
− 2(3𝑥−𝑦) = − 8 ….(ii)
2(3𝑥+𝑦)
1 1
Let 3𝑥+𝑦 = p and 3𝑥−𝑦 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become
3
𝑝+𝑞 =
4
1 1 1
p− q=−
2 2 8
Multiplying equation (iv) by 2 , we get
1
p−q=−
4
Adding equations (iii) and (v), we get
3
p+q=
4
1
+p − q = −
4
-------------------
2
2p =
4
1
p=
4
1
Substituting p = 4 in equation (iii), we get
3
p+q=
4
1 3
+q=
4 4
3 1 2 1
q= − = =
4 4 4 2
1 1
(p, q) = ( , )
4 2
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
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1 1 1 1
= 3𝑥+𝑦 and 2 = 3𝑥−𝑦
4
∴ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 … (vi)
and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 … (vii)
Adding equations (vi) and (vii), we get
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
+
6𝑥 =6
6
∴ 𝑥= =1
6
Substituting 𝑥 = 1 in equation (vi), we get 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3(1) + 𝑦 = 4
3+𝑦 =4
𝑦 =4−3=1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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Exercise 1.5
1 Two numbers differ by The sum of twice the smaller
. number and thrice the greater number is 19. Find the
numbers. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the greater number be 𝑥 and the smaller number be 𝑦.
According to the first condition, two numbers differ by 3
∴ 𝑥−𝑦=3
…(i) According to the second condition, the sum of twice the
smaller number and thrice the greater number is 19 .
∴ 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 19
…(ii) Multiplying equation (i) by 2 , we get
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6
… (iii) Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 19
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6
+
5𝑥 = 25
25
∴ 𝑥=
5
∴ 𝑥=5
Substituting 𝑥 = 5 in equation (i), we get
𝑥−𝑦 =3
5−𝑦 =3
∴ 5−3=𝑦
∴ 𝑦=2
∴ The required numbers are 5 and 2.
2
.
Solution:
Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal. ∴ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 8 = 4𝑥 −
𝑦
∴ 8 = 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑦
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∴ 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
∴ 𝑥−𝑦=4
[Dividing both sides by 2 ] Also, 𝑥 + 4 = 2𝑦 … (ii)
3 The sum of father’s age and twice the age of his son is 70 .
If we double the age of the father and add it to the age of
his son the sum is 95. Find their present ages. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the present ages of father and son be 𝑥 years and 𝑦
years respectively. According to the first condition, the
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45
𝑦= = 15
3
Substituting 𝑦 = 15 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 70
𝑥 + 2(15) = 70
𝑥 + 30 = 70
𝑥 = 70 − 30
𝑥 = 40
The present ages of father and son are 40 years and 15
years respectively.
Problem Set
Answers:
i. (B) ii. (A) iii. (D) iv. (C) v . (A)
𝑥 −5
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𝑦 0
(𝑥, 𝑦)
Ans:
3
𝑥 −5
2
−13
𝑦 0
6
−13 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) (−5, ) ( , 0)
6 2
𝑥 0 6 3 −3 𝑦 −1 1 3 4
ii. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 [4 Marks]
Solution:
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
∴ 3𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 ∴ 2𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4
𝑥−1 3𝑥 + 4
⇒ 𝑦= ∴ 𝑦=
3 2
𝑥 4 −2 −5 1 𝑥 0 −2 2 −4
𝑦 1 −1 −2 0 𝑦 2 −1 5 −4
(𝑥, 𝑦)(4,1)(−2, −1) (1,0) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0,2) (−2, −1)(2,5) (−4, −4)
(−5, −2)
iii. 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 30 = 0; 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0 [4 Marks ]
5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 30 = 0 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0
∴ 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 30 ∴ 4𝑦 = 20 − 5𝑥
5𝑥 + 30 20 − 5𝑥
∴ 𝑦= ∴ 𝑦=
6 4
𝑥 0 −6 6 3 𝑥 0 4 −4 2
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𝑦 5 0 10 7.5 𝑦 5 0 10 2.5
iv. 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 [3 Marks]
3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8
∴ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 ∴ 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥
𝑥 0 1 3 −1 𝑥 0 4 1 3
𝑦 −2 1 7 −5 𝑦 8 0 6 2
(𝑥, 𝑦)(0, −2)(1,1) (3,7) (−1, −5)(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,8) (4,0) (1,6) (3,2)
v. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 [3 Marks]
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3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 𝑥−𝑦 =2
∴ 𝑦 = 10 − 3𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 =𝑥−2
𝑥 2 3 4 5 𝑥 0 2 4 5
𝑦 4 1 −2 −5 𝑦 −2 0 2 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) (2,4) (3,1) (4, −2)(5, −5) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −2) (2,0) (4,2) (5,3)
5 −2
ii. | | = (5 × 1) − (−2 × −3) = 5 − 6
−3 1
𝟓 −𝟐
∴ | | = −𝟏
−𝟑 𝟏
iii.
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3 −1
| | = (3 × 4) − (−1 × 1)
1 4
= 12 − (−1)
= 12 + 1
3 −1
| | = 13
1 4
i. 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −10; 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 8 = 0
Solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −10 …(i)
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 8 = 0
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8 …..(ii)
ii. 4𝑚 − 2𝑛 = −4; 4𝑚 + 3𝑛 = 16
solution:
The given simultaneous equations are 4𝑚 − 2𝑛 = −4
4𝑚 + 3𝑛 = 16
Equations (i) and (ii) are in am + bn = c form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 m + b1 n = c1 and a2 m + b2 n = c2 ,
we get a1 = 4, b1 = −2, c1 = −4 and
a2 = 4, b2 = 3, c2 = 16
a b14 −2
D=| 1 | |= |
a2 b24 3
= (4 × 3) − (−2 × 4)
= 12 − (−8)
= 12 + 8 = 20 ≠ 0
c b1 −4 −2
Dm = | 1 | =| |
c2 b2 16 3
= (−4 × 3) − (−2 × 16)
= −12 − (−32)
= −12 + 32 = 20
a1 c1 4 −4
Dn = |a c | = | |
2 2 4 16
= (4 × 16) − (−4 × 4)
= 64 − (−16)
= 64 + 16 = 80
D D
By Cramer’s rule, we get m = Dm and n = Dn
20 80
m = 20 and n = 20
m = 1 and n = 4
(m, n) = (1,4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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5 1 4
iii. 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2 ; 3 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = − 3
solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
5
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 5 …(i) [Multiplying both sides by 2]
1 −4
𝑥 + 3𝑦 =
3 3
𝑥 + 9𝑦 = −4 …(ii) [Multiplying both sides by 3] Equations (i)
and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the given
equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 , we
get a1 = 6, b1 = −4, c1 = 5 and
a2 = 1, b2 = 9, c2 = −4
a b1 6 −4
D=| 1 |=| | = (6 × 9) − (−4 × 1)
a2 b2 1 9
= 54 − (−4)
= 54 + 4 = 58 ≠ 0
c b1 5 −4
𝐷𝑥 = | 1 |=| | = (5 × 9) − (−4 × −4)
c2 b2 −4 9
= 45 − 16
= 29
a1 c1 6 5
D𝑦 = |a c2 | = | | = (6 × −4) − (5 × 1)
2 1 −4
= −24 − 5
= −29
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
29 −29
𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
58 58
1 −1
𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
2 2
1 −1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2 , 2 ) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
Solution:
𝑥+𝑦−8 𝑥+2𝑦−14 3𝑥−𝑦
The given simultaneous equations are = =
2 3 4
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 14
=
2 3
3(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8) = 2(𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 14)
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 24 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 28
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑦 = −28 + 24
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4 …(i)
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𝑥+𝑦−8 3𝑥−𝑦
= 4
2
4(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8) = 2(3𝑥 − 𝑦)
4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 32 = 6𝑥 − 2𝑦
6𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 = −32
2𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −32
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −16
…(ii)[Dividing both sides by 2 ] Equations (i) and (ii) are in
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the given equations with a1 𝑥 +
b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 , we
get
a1 = 1, b1 = −1, c1 = −4 and
a2 = 1, b2 = −3, c2 = −16
a b1 1 −1
D=| 1 |=| |
a2 b2 1 −3
= (1 × −3) − (−1 × 1)
= −3 − (−1)
= −3 + 1 = −2 ≠ 0
c1 b1 −4 −1
D𝑥 = | |=| |
c2 b2 −16 −3
= (−4 × −3) − (−1 × −16)
= 12 − 16
= −4
a1 c1 1 −4
D𝑦 = |a c | = | |
2 2 1 −16
= (1 × −16) − (−4 × 1)
= −16 − (−4) = −16 + 4 = −12
By Cramer’s rule, we get
D𝑥 D𝑦
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
D D
−4 −12
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦 = −2
𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 6
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,6) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
3𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 0
1
3 ( ) + 2q = 0
6
1
+ 2q = 0
2
1
2q = −
2
1
q=−
4
1 1
(p, q) = ( , − )
6 4
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
1 1 1 1
= 𝑥 and − 4 = 𝑦
6
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𝑥 = 6 and 𝑦 = −4
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (6, −4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
7 13 13 7
ii. + 𝑦+2 = 27; 2𝑥+1 + 𝑦+2 = 33 [𝐌𝐚𝐫𝟏𝟔]
2𝑥+1
solution:
7 13
The given simultaneous equations are + 𝑦+2 = 27
2𝑥+1
13 7
+ = 33
2𝑥 + 1 𝑦 + 2
1 1
Let 2𝑥+1 = p and 𝑦+2 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become 7𝑝 + 13𝑞 = 27
…(iii) 13𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 33
…(iv) Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
7𝑝 + 13𝑞 = 27
+13𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 33
20𝑝 + 20𝑞 = 60
60
p+q=
20
[Dividing both sides by 20]
p + q = 3 … (v)
Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii), we get
7p + 13q = 27
13𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 33
−− −
−6𝑝 + 6𝑞 = −6
−6
𝑝−𝑞 =
−6
[Dividing both sides by −6 ]
p−q=1
Adding equations (v) and (vi), we get
𝑝+𝑞 =3
𝑝−𝑞 =1
+
2𝑝 = 4
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4
p= =2
2
Substituting p = 2 in equation (v), we get 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 3
2+𝑞 =3
q=3−2=1
(p, q) = (2,1)
1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 2 = 2𝑥+1 and
1
1 = 𝑦+2
2(2𝑥 + 1) = 1 and
𝑦+2=1
4𝑥 + 2 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1 − 2
4𝑥 = 1 − 2 and 𝑦 = −1
4𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = −1
1
𝑥 = − 4 and 𝑦 = −1
1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (− 4 , −1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
7𝑥−2𝑦 8𝑥+7𝑦
iv. = 5; = 15
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
solution:
7𝑥−2𝑦
The given simultaneous equations are =5
𝑥𝑦
7𝑥 2𝑦
− =5
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
7 2
− = 5 … (i)
𝑦 𝑥
8𝑥 + 7𝑦
= 15
𝑥𝑦
8𝑥 7𝑦
+ = 15
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
8 7
+ = 15 …(ii)
𝑦 𝑥
1 1
Let 𝑥 = p and 𝑦 = q
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1 1 1 5 2 3
v. + 5(2𝑥−3𝑦) = 4 ; (3𝑥+4𝑦) − (2𝑥−3𝑦) = − 2
2(3𝑥+4𝑦)
solution:
v. The given simultaneous equations are
1 1 1
+ 5(2𝑥−3𝑦) = 4 ….(i)
2(3𝑥+4𝑦)
5 2 3
− 2𝑥−3𝑦 = − 2 (ii)
3𝑥+4𝑦
1 1
Let 3𝑥+4𝑦 = p and 2𝑥−3𝑦 = q
∴ Equations (i) and (ii) become
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1 1 1
p + 5q = 4
2
∴ 10p + 4q = 5 .(iii) [Multiplying both sides by 20] and
3
5p − 2q = −
2
∴ 10p − 4q = −3 …(iv)[Multiplying both sides by 2] Adding
equations (iii) and (iv), we get
10𝑝 + 4𝑞 = 5
10𝑝 − 4𝑞 = −3
+
20𝑝 = 2
2 1
∴ p= =
20 10
1
Substituting p = 10 in equation (iii), we get
10𝑝 + 4𝑞 = 5
1
10 ( ) + 4q = 5
10
1 + 4𝑞 = 5
4𝑞 = 5 − 1
4𝑞 = 4
4
q= =1
4
1
(p, q) = ( , 1)
10
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
1 1 1
= 3𝑥+4𝑦 and 1 = 2𝑥−3𝑦
10
∴ 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 … . . (v)
and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1 … … . (vi)
Multiplying equation (v) by 3 , we get
9𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 30 …(vii)
Multiplying equation (vi) by 4 , we get
8𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 4 …(viii)
Adding equations (vii) and (viii), we get
9𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 30
8𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 4
+
17𝑥 = 34
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34
∴ 𝑥= =2
17
Substituting 𝑥 = 2 in equation (v), we get
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10
3(2) + 4𝑦 = 10
6 + 4𝑦 = 10
4𝑦 = 10 − 6
4𝑦 = 4
4
𝑦= =1
4
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
𝑥=8
Putting this value of 𝑥 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
8 + 𝒚 = 13
𝑦=𝟓
The original number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 10(5) + 8 = 𝟓𝟎 + 8 = 58
1
ii) Kantabai bought 1 2 kg tea and 5 kg sugar from a shop.
She paid ₹50 as return fare for rickshaw. Total expense
was ₹700. Then she realised that by ordering online the
goods can be bought with free home delivery at the same
price. So, next month she placed the order online for 2 kg
tea and 7 kg sugar. She paid ₹880 for that. Find the rate
of sugar and tea per kg.
solution:
iii)
Solution:
Anushka had 𝑥 notes of ₹100 and 𝑦 notes of ₹50. According
to the first condition, she received ₹2500 from Anand.
100𝑥 + 50𝑦 = 2500
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 50] According to
the second condition, if notes would have been
interchanged, she would have received ₹500 less.
100𝑦 + 50𝑥 = 2000
2𝑦 + 𝑥 = 40 … [Dividing both sides by 50 ] 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 40
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 80 … (ii) [Multiplying both sides by 2]
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
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2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 80
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50
-----------------
3𝑦 = 30
30
𝑦= = 10
3
Substituting 𝑦 = 10 in equation (i), we get 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50
2𝑥 + 10 = 50
2𝑥 = 50 − 10
2𝑥 = 40
40
𝑥= = 20
2
Anushka had 20 notes of ₹100 and 10 notes of ₹50.
Solution:
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31 …..(i)
3 years ago,
Manish’s age = (𝑥 − 3) years
Savita’s age = (𝑦 − 3) years
According to the second condition, 3 years ago Manish’s age
was 4 times the age of Savita.
(𝑥 − 3) = 4(𝑦 − 3)
∴ 𝑥 − 3 = 4𝑦 − 12
∴ 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −12 + 3
∴ 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −9 (ii)
Solution:
3600
∴ 𝑥= = 450
8
Substituting 𝑥 = 450 in equation (i), we get
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3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0
3(450) − 5𝑦 = 0
1350 = 5𝑦
1350
𝑦=
5
= 270
The daily wages of skilled workers is ₹450 and that of
unskilled workers is ₹270.
Solution:
Let the speeds of Hamid and Joseph be 𝑥 km/hr and
𝑦 km/hr respectively. Distance travelled by Hamid in 20
1 1
minutes i.e. 3 hrs = 3 𝑥 km Distance travelled by Joseph in
1 1
hrs = 3 𝑦 km According to the first condition, total
3
distance between places A and B is 30kms.
1 1
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30
3 3
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 90 …(i)[Multiplying both sides by 3] Distance
travelled by Hamid in 3hrs = 3𝑥 km Distance travelled by
Joseph in 3hrs = 3𝑦 km According to the second condition,
if Joseph would have started from B at the same time but
in the opposite direction then Hamid would have caught him
after 3hrs.
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 30
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 …(ii) [Dividing both sides by 3 ] Adding equations
(i) and (ii), we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 90
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+𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 = 100
100
𝑥 =
2
= 50
Substituting 𝑥 = 50 in equation (i), we get 50 + 𝑦 = 90
𝑦 = 90 − 50 = 40
The speeds of Hamid and Joseph are 𝟓𝟎𝐤𝐦/𝐡𝐫 and
𝟒𝟎𝐤𝐦/𝐡𝐫
respectively.