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Practice set 1.1

1 Complete the following activity to solve the simultaneous

. equations. (usually this type of question come for 3 marks)
Solution:
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 9 … (i)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
Add equations (i) and (ii),
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 9
+2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
7𝑥 = 21
21
𝑥=
7̅
∴ 𝑥=3
Put 𝑥 = 3 in equation (i),
∴ 5 × 3] + 3𝑦 = 9
∴ 3𝑦 = 9 − 15
∴ 3𝑦 = −6
−6
∴ 𝑦=
3
∴ 𝑦 = −𝟐
∴ Solution is (𝑥, 𝑦) = (3, −2)

2 Solve the following simultaneous equations.

. i. 3𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 26; 𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 22 [2 Marks]

3𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 26 …..(i)
𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 22 …..(ii)

Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get 3𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 26

𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 22
− − −
=4
2a
4
𝑎= =2
2
Substituting a = 2 in equation (ii), we get 𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 22
2 + 5𝑏 = 22
5 b = 22 − 2
5 b = 20
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20
b= =4
5
(a, b) = (2,4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

ii. 𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 10; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 [2 Marks]

Solution:
𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 10
𝑥 = 10 − 7𝑦 …(i)
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 ….(ii)
Substituting 𝑥 = 10 − 7𝑦 in equation (ii), we get
3(10 − 7𝑦) − 2𝑦 = 7
30 − 21𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 7
−23𝑦 = 7 − 30
−23𝑦 = −23
−23
𝑦= =1
−23
Substituting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (i), we get
𝑥 = 10 − 7𝑦
= 10 − 7(1)
= 10 − 7 = 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

iii. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 [2 Marks]
Solution:

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9 … (i)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 … (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
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we get
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
− − −
−4𝑦 = −4
−4
𝑦= =1
−4
Substituting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (ii), we get 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
2𝑥 + 1 = 13
2𝑥 = 12
12
𝑥= =6
2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (6,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

iv. 5 m − 3n = 19; m − 6n = −7 [2 Marks]

5 m − 3n = 19 ….(i)
𝑚 − 6𝑛 = −7
m = 6n − 7 …..(ii)
Substituting m = 6n − 7 in equation (i), we get
5(6𝑛 − 7) − 3𝑛 = 19
30𝑛 − 35 − 3𝑛 = 19
27𝑛 = 19 + 35
27𝑛 = 54
54
𝑛= =2
27
Substituting n = 2 in equation (ii), we get m = 6n − 7
= 6(2) − 7
= 12 − 7 = 5
(m, n) = (5,2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

v. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −3; 𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4 [2 Marks]

Solution:
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −3 …(i)
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𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4
𝑥 = 4 − 5𝑦 ….(ii)
Substituting 𝑥 = 4 − 5𝑦 in equation (i), we get 5(4 − 5𝑦) +
2𝑦 = −3
20 − 25𝑦 + 2𝑦 = −3
−23𝑦 = −3 − 20
−23𝑦 = −23
−23
𝑦= =1
−23
Substituting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (ii), we get 𝑥 = 4 − 5𝑦
= 4 − 5(1)
= 4 − 5 = −1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (−1,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

1 10 1 11
vi. 𝑥+𝑦 = ; 2𝑥 + 4 𝑦 = [3 Marks]
3 3 4
Solution:
1 10
𝑥+𝑦 =
3 3
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10 … [ Multiplying both sides by 3 ]

𝑥 = 10 − 3𝑦…(i)
1 11
2𝑥 + 𝑦 =
4 4
8𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 …(ii)[Multiplying both sides by 4] Substituting
𝑥 = 10 − 3𝑦 in equation (ii), we get 8(10 − 3𝑦) + 𝑦 = 11
80 − 24𝑦 + 𝑦 = 11
−23𝑦 = 11 − 80
−23𝑦 = −69
−69
𝑦= =3
−23
Substituting 𝑦 = 3 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 = 10 − 3(3)
= 10 − 9 = 1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,3) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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vii. 99𝑥 + 101𝑦 = 499; 101𝑥 + 99𝑦 = 501 [3 Marks]

Solution:
99𝑥 + 101𝑦 = 499 … (i)
101𝑥 + 99𝑦 = 501 …..(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
1000
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 200 …[Dividing both sides by 200]
𝑥+𝑦 =5
…(iii) Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get 99𝑥 + 101𝑦 =
499
101𝑥 + 99𝑦 = 501
−2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −2
−2
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2 …[Dividing both sides by −2 ] 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1
…(iv) Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
𝑥−𝑦 =1
2𝑥 = 6
6
𝑥= =3
2
Substituting 𝑥 = 3 in equation (iii), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
3+𝑦 =5
𝑦 =5−3=2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3,2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

viii. 49𝑥 − 57𝑦 = 172; 57𝑥 − 49𝑦 = 252 [3 Marks]

Solution:

49𝑥 − 57𝑦 = 172 …(i)

57𝑥 − 49𝑦 = 252 …(ii)

Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get 49𝑥 − 57𝑦 = 172

57𝑥 − 49𝑦 = 252
106𝑥 − 106𝑦 = 424
424
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 106 … [ Dividing both sides by 106]
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𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 …(iii)

Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get

49𝑥 − 57𝑦 = 172

57𝑥 − 49𝑦 = 252
− + +
−8𝑥 − 8𝑦 = −80
−80
𝑥+𝑦 =
−8
…[Dividing both sides by −8 ]

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 …(iv)

Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get

𝑥−𝑦 =4
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 = 14
14
𝑥= =7
2
Substituting 𝑥 = 7 in equation (iv), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
7 + 𝑦 = 10
𝑦 = 10 − 7 = 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (7,3) is the solution of the given simultaneous

equations.
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Practice Set 1.2

1 Complete the following table to draw graph of the
, equations. [2 Marks each]
i. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3

𝑥 3 −𝟐 𝟎

𝑦 0 5 3

(𝑥, 𝑦) (3,0) (−𝟐, 𝟓)(0,3)

ii. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4

𝑥 𝟒 −1 0

𝑦 0 −𝟓 −4

(𝑥, 𝑦) (𝟒, 𝟎) (−1, −5) (0, −4)

2 Solve the following simultaneous equations graphically.

.

i. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 [3 Marks]
𝑥+𝑦 =6 𝑥−𝑦 =4
∴ 𝑦 =6−𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 =𝑥−4

𝑥 0 6 3 4 𝑥 0 4 2 5

𝑦 6 0 3 2 𝑦 −4 0 −2 1

(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,6) (6,0) (3,3) (4,2) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −4)(4,0) (2, −2)(5,1)
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The two lines intersect at

point (5,1).
𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 1 is the
solution of the
simultaneous equations
𝑥+𝑦 =6
and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4.

ii. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 |3 Marks]
Solution:
𝑥+𝑦 =5 𝑥−𝑦 =3
∴ 𝑦 =5−𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 =𝑥−3

𝑥 0 5 2 3 𝑥 0 3 2 1

𝑦 5 0 3 2 𝑦 −3 0 −1 −2

(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,5) (5,0) (2,3) (3,2) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −3)(3,0) (2, −1)(1, −2)

The two lines intersect at

point (4,1).
𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 1 is the
solution of the
simultaneous equations 𝑥 +
𝑦 = 5 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3.
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iii. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9 [3 Marks]

𝑥+𝑦 =0 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9
𝑦 = −𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 9

𝑥 0 2 −2 −1 𝑥 0 2 5 4

𝑦 0 −2 2 1 𝑦 −9 −5 1 −1

(𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −9) (2, −5)

(5,1) (4, −1)
(𝑥, 𝑦)(0,0) (2, −2)(−2,2)(−1,1)

The two lines intersect at point (3, −3). 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −3 is

the solution of the simultaneous equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 and
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9.
The two lines intersect at point (3, −3). 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −3 is
the solution of the simultaneous equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 and
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9.
The two lines intersect at
point (3, −3). 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 =
−3 is the solution of the
simultaneous equations 𝑥 +
𝑦 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9.
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iv. 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 [3 Marks]

3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
∴ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2
𝑥 0 1 2 3
𝑥 0 1 −1 2
𝑦 −3 −1 1 3
𝑦 −2 1 −5 4
(𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −3)(1, −1)(2,1) (3,3)
(𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −2)(1,1) (−1, −5)
(2,4)

The two lines intersect at

point (−1, −5).
𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = −5 is the
solution of the simultaneous
equations
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3.

v. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −7; 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 [4 Marks]

3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −7 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
∴ 4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7 2𝑦 = 5𝑥
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 7 5
3𝑥 + 7 𝑦= 𝑥
∴ 𝑦= 2
4
𝑥 0 2 −2 1
𝑥 −1 −5 3 5
𝑦 0 5 −5 2.5
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𝑦 1 −2 4 5.5 (𝑥, 𝑦) (0,0) (2,5) (−2, −5)

(1,2.5)

(𝑥, 𝑦) (−1,1)(−5, −2)

(3,4) (5,5.5)

The two lines intersect at point (1,2.5).

𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 2.5 is the solution of the simultaneous
equations 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −7
and 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0.

vi. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4; 3𝑦 − 𝑥 = 4 [4 Marks]

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 4 3𝑦 − 𝑥 = 4
∴ 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 ∴ 3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4
2𝑥 − 4 𝑥+4
𝑦= :𝑦= 3
3
𝑥 2 −4 5 −1
𝑥 2 −1 5 8
𝑦 2 0 3 1
𝑦 0 −2 2 4
(𝑥, 𝑦) (2,2) (−4,0)(5,3) (−1,1)
(𝑥, 𝑦) (2,0) (−1, −2)
(5,2) (8,4)
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The two lines

intersect at point
(8,4). 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 =
4 is the solution of
the simultaneous
equations 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 =
4 and 3𝑦 − 𝑥 = 4.

Practice set 1.3

1 Fill in the blanks with correct number. [1 Mark]

Solution:
3 2
| | = 3 × 𝟓 − 𝟐 × 4 = 𝟏𝟓 − 8 = 𝟕
4 5

2 Find the values of following determinants.

. (1) |−1 7|
2 4
Solution:
−1 7
| | = (−1 × 4) − (7 × 2)
2 4
= −4 − 14
−1 7
| | = −18
2 4

5 3
(2) | |
−7 0
5 3
| | = (5 × 0) − (3 × −7)
−7 0
= 0 − (−21)
5 3
| | = 21
−7 0
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7 5

(3) |33 3
1|
2 2
7 5
7 1 5 3
|3 3| =( × )−( × )
3 1 3 2 3 2
2 2
7 15 7 − 15
= − =
6 6 6
−8
=
6
7 5
|3 3| = −4
3 1 3
2 2

Solve the following simultaneous equations using Cramer’s

rule.
(1) 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 10; 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5
The given simultaneous equations are 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 10 …(i)
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5
Equations (i) and (ii) are in a𝑥 + b𝑦 = c form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 3, b1 = −4, c1 = 10 and
a2 = 4, b2 = 3, c2 = 5
a b1 3 −4
D=| 1 |=| | = (3 × 3) − (−4 × 4)
a2 b2 4 3
= 9 − (−16)
= 9 + 16 = 25 ≠ 0
c b1 10 −4
D𝑥 = | 1 |=| | = (10 × 3) − (−4 × 5)
c2 b2 5 3
= 30 − (−20)
= 30 + 20 = 50
a1 c1 3 10
D𝑦 = |a c | = | | = (3 × 5) − (10 × 4)
2 2 4 5
= 15 − 40 = −25
By Cramer’s rule, we get
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D𝑥 D𝑦
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
D D
50 −25
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
25 25
𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = −1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2, −1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

(2) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0; 6𝑥 = 8 − 5𝑦
The given simultaneous equations are 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
…(i) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4
6𝑥 = 8 − 5𝑦
1
6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8
Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 4, b1 = 3, c1 = 4 and
a2 = 6, b2 = 5, c2 = 8
a b1 4 3
D=| 1 | =| | = (4 × 5) − (3 × 6)
a2 b2 6 5
= 20 − 18 = 2 ≠ 0
c b1 4 3
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| | = (4 × 5) − (3 × 8)
c2 b2 8 5
= 20 − 24 = −4
a1 c1 4 4
D𝑦 = |a c | = | | = (4 × 8) − (4 × 6)
2 2 6 8
= 32 − 24 = 8
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
−4 8
𝑥= and 𝑦 = 2
2
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦 = 4
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (−2,4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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(3) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −1; 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
The given simultaneous equations are 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −1
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 1, b1 = 2, c1 = −1 and
a2 = 2, b2 = −3, c2 = 12
a b1 1 2
D=| 1 | =| | = (1 × −3) − (2 × 2)
a2 b2 2 −3
= −3 − 4 = −7 ≠ 0
c b1 −1 2
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| | = (−1 × −3) − (2 × 12)
c2 b2 12 −3
= 3 − 24 = −21
a1 c1 1 −1
D𝑦 = |a c2 | =| | = (1 × 12) − (−1 × 2)
2 2 12
= 12 − (−2) = 12 + 2 = 14
D𝑥 D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
D D
−21 14
𝑥= and 𝑦 = −7
−7
𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3, −2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

(4) 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −12; 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2
The given simultaneous equations are 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −12
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −6 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 2] 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −2
(ii) Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing
the given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 3, b1 = −2, c1 = −6 and
a2 = 8, b2 = −3, c2 = −2
𝑎 𝑏1 3 −2
𝐷=| 1 |=| | = (3 × −3) − (−2 × 8)
𝑎2 𝑏2 8 −3
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= −9 − (−16)
= −9 + 16 = 7 ≠ 0
c b1 −6 −2
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| | = (−6 × −3) − (−2 × −2)
c2 b2 −2 −3
= 18 − 4 = 14
a1 c1 3 −6
D𝑦 = |a c | = | | = (3 × −2) − (−6 × 8)
2 2 8 −2
= −6 − (−48)
= −6 + 48 = 42
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
14 42
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
7 7
𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 6
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,6) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

(5) 4𝑚 + 6𝑛 = 54; 3𝑚 + 2𝑛 = 28
The given simultaneous equations are 4𝑚 + 6𝑛 = 54
2 m + 3n = 27 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 2] 3 m + 2n = 28
Equations (i) and (ii) are in am + bn = c form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 m + b1 n = c1 and a2 m + b2 n = c2 ,
we get a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = 27 and
a2 = 3, b2 = 2, c2 = 28
a1 b1
2 3
D=| =| || = (2 × 2) − (3 × 3)
a2 b2
3 2
= 4 − 9 = −5 ≠ 0
c b1 27 3
Dm = | 1 | =| | = (27 × 2) − (3 × 28)
c2 b2 28 2
= 54 − 84 = −30
a1 c1 2 27
Dn = |a c | = | | = (2 × 28) − (27 × 3)
2 2 3 28
= 56 − 81 = −25
By Cramer’s rule, we get
Dm Dn
m= and n =
D D
−30 −25
m= and n =
−5 −5
m = 6 and n = 5
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(m, n) = (6,5) is the solution of the given simultaneous

equations.

𝑦 1
(6) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2; 𝑥 − 2 = 2
The given simultaneous equations are 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
𝑦 1
…(i) 𝑥 − 2 = 2
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 …(ii) [Multiplying both sides by 2] Equations (i)
and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the given
equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 ,
we get a1 = 2, b1 = 3, c1 = 2 and
a2 = 2, b2 = −1, c2 = 1
a b1 2 3
D=| 1 |=| | = (2 × −1) − (3 × 2)
a2 b2 2 −1
= −2 − 6 = −8 ≠ 0
c b1 2 3
D𝑥 = | 1 |=| | = (2 × −1) − (3 × 1)
c2 b2 1 −1
= −2 − 3 = −5
a1 c1 2 2
D𝑦 = |a c2 | = | | = (2 × 1) − (2 × 2)
2 2 1
= 2 − 4 = −2
D𝑥 D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
D D
−5 −2
𝑥 = −8 and 𝑦 = −8
5 1
𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 4
5 1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (8 , 4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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Exercise 1.4
1 Solve the following simultaneous equations.
. (1) 2 − 3 = 15; 8 + 5 = 77
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
Solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
2 3
− = 15 ….(i)
𝑥 𝑦
8 5
+ 𝑦 = 77 …..(ii)
𝑥
1 1
Let 𝑥 = p and 𝑦 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become 2𝑝 − 3𝑞 = 15
8p + 5q = 77
Multiplying equation (iii) by 4 , we get
8p − 12q = 60 … (v)
Subtracting equation (v) from (iv), we get
8p + 5q = 77
8𝑝 − 12𝑞 = 60
−++−
17q = 17
17
q= =1
17
Substituting q = 1 in equation (iii), we get 2𝑝 − 3𝑞 = 15
2p − 3(1) = 15
2𝑝 − 3 = 15
2p = 15 + 3 = 18
18
p= =9
2
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(p, q) = (9,1)
1 1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 9 = and 1 =
𝑥 𝑦
1
𝑥 = 9 and 𝑦 = 1
1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (9 , 1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

10 2 15 5
(2) 𝑥+𝑦 + 𝑥−𝑦 = 4; 𝑥+𝑦 − 𝑥−𝑦 = −2
solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
10 2
+ 𝑥−𝑦 = 4 … (i)
𝑥+𝑦
15 5
− = −2 … (ii)
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Let 𝑥+𝑦 = p and 𝑥−𝑦 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become
10𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 4
5p + q = 2 … (iii) [ Dividing both sides by 2 ]

15𝑝 − 5𝑞 = −2 … (iv)
Multiplying equation (iii) by 5, we get
25p + 5q = 10 … (v)
Adding equations (iv) and (v), we get
15𝑝 − 5𝑞 = −2
+25𝑝 + 5𝑞 = 10
40𝑝 =8
8 1
p= =
40 5
1
Substituting p = 5 in equation (iii), we get

5𝑝 + 𝑞 = 2
1
5( ) + q = 2
5
1+𝑞 =2
q=2−1=1
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1
(p, q) = ( , 1)
5
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
1 1 1
= 𝑥+𝑦 and 1 = 𝑥−𝑦
5
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 …(vi)
and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 …(vii) Adding equations (vi) and (vii), we get
𝑥+𝑦 =5
𝑥−𝑦 =1
2𝑥 = 6
6
𝑥= =3
2
Substituting 𝑥 = 3 in equation (vi), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
3+𝑦 =5
𝑦 =5−3=2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3,2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

27 31 31 27
(3) 𝑥−2 + 𝑦+3 = 85; 𝑥−2 + 𝑦+3 = 89

Solution:
27 31
The given simultaneous equations are + 𝑦+3 = 85
𝑥−2
31 27
+ = 89
𝑥−2 𝑦+3
1 1
Let 𝑥−2 = p and 𝑦+3 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become 27p + 31q = 85
31p + 27q = 89
…(iv) Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
27p + 31q = 85
31𝑝+27𝑞=89
+
58𝑝+58𝑞=174
174
𝑝+𝑞 =
58
[Dividing both sides by 58 ]
p + q = 3 …(v)
Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii), we get
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27p + 31q = 85
31p + 27q = 89
− − −
------------------------
−4p + 4q = −4

−4
𝑝−𝑞 =
−4
…[Dividing both sides by −4 ]
p − q = 1 … (vi)
Adding equations (v) and (vi), we get
𝑝+𝑞 =3
+ 𝑝−𝑞 =1
-------------------
2𝑝 = 4

4
p= =2
2
Substituting p = 2 in equation (v), we get 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 3
2+𝑞 =3
q=3−2=1
(p, q) = (2,1)
1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 2 = 𝑥−2 and
1
1 = 𝑦+3
2(𝑥 − 2) = 1 and 𝑦 + 3 = 1
2𝑥 − 4 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1 − 3
2𝑥 = 1 + 4 and 𝑦 = −2
2𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = −2
5
𝑥=
2
and 𝑦 = −2
5
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2 , −2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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1 1 3 1 1 1
(4) 3𝑥+𝑦 + 3𝑥−𝑦 = 4 ; 2(3𝑥+𝑦) − 2(3𝑥−𝑦) = − 8

Solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
1 1 3
+ 3𝑥−𝑦 = 4 …..(i)
3𝑥+𝑦
1 1 1
− 2(3𝑥−𝑦) = − 8 ….(ii)
2(3𝑥+𝑦)
1 1
Let 3𝑥+𝑦 = p and 3𝑥−𝑦 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become
3
𝑝+𝑞 =
4
1 1 1
p− q=−
2 2 8
Multiplying equation (iv) by 2 , we get
1
p−q=−
4
Adding equations (iii) and (v), we get
3
p+q=
4
1
+p − q = −
4
-------------------
2
2p =
4

1
p=
4
1
Substituting p = 4 in equation (iii), we get
3
p+q=
4
1 3
+q=
4 4
3 1 2 1
q= − = =
4 4 4 2
1 1
(p, q) = ( , )
4 2
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
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1 1 1 1
= 3𝑥+𝑦 and 2 = 3𝑥−𝑦
4

∴ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 … (vi)
and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 … (vii)
Adding equations (vi) and (vii), we get
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
+
6𝑥 =6
6
∴ 𝑥= =1
6
Substituting 𝑥 = 1 in equation (vi), we get 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3(1) + 𝑦 = 4
3+𝑦 =4
𝑦 =4−3=1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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Exercise 1.5
1 Two numbers differ by The sum of twice the smaller
. number and thrice the greater number is 19. Find the
numbers. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the greater number be 𝑥 and the smaller number be 𝑦.
According to the first condition, two numbers differ by 3
∴ 𝑥−𝑦=3
…(i) According to the second condition, the sum of twice the
smaller number and thrice the greater number is 19 .
∴ 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 19
…(ii) Multiplying equation (i) by 2 , we get
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6
… (iii) Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 19
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6
+
5𝑥 = 25
25
∴ 𝑥=
5
∴ 𝑥=5
Substituting 𝑥 = 5 in equation (i), we get
𝑥−𝑦 =3
5−𝑦 =3
∴ 5−3=𝑦
∴ 𝑦=2
∴ The required numbers are 5 and 2.

2
.

Solution:
Opposite sides of a rectangle are equal. ∴ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 8 = 4𝑥 −
𝑦
∴ 8 = 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑦
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∴ 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
∴ 𝑥−𝑦=4
[Dividing both sides by 2 ] Also, 𝑥 + 4 = 2𝑦 … (ii)

Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),

𝑥−𝑦 =4
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −4
− + +
--------------------
𝑦=8

Substituting 𝑦 = 8 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4

𝑥−8=4
∴ 𝑥 =4+8
∴ 𝑥 = 12
Now, length of rectangle = 4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4(12) − 8
= 48 − 8
Length of rectangle = 40 Breadth of rectangle = 2𝑦 =
2(8) = 16
Perimeter of rectangle = 2( length + breadth )
= 2(40 + 16)
= 2(56)
Perimeter of rectangle = 112 units
Area of rectangle = length × breadth
= 40 × 16
Area of rectangle = 640 sq. units 𝑥 = 12 and 𝑦 = 8,

Perimeter of rectangle is 112 units and area of rectangle is

640 sq. units.

3 The sum of father’s age and twice the age of his son is 70 .
If we double the age of the father and add it to the age of
his son the sum is 95. Find their present ages. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the present ages of father and son be 𝑥 years and 𝑦
years respectively. According to the first condition, the
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sum of father’s age and twice the age of his son is 70 .

∴ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 70 (i)

According to the second condition, sum of the age of son

and double the age of father is 95 . 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 95
…(ii) Multiplying equation (i) by 2 , we get 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 140
Subtracting equation (ii) from (iii), we get
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 140
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 95
- - -
-----------------
3𝑦 = 45

45
𝑦= = 15
3
Substituting 𝑦 = 15 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 70
𝑥 + 2(15) = 70
𝑥 + 30 = 70
𝑥 = 70 − 30
𝑥 = 40
The present ages of father and son are 40 years and 15
years respectively.

4 The denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice its

. numerator. Denominator becomes 12 times the numerator, if
both the numerator and the denominator are reduced by 6 .
Find the fraction. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the numerator of the fraction be 𝑥 and the denominator
be 𝑦.
𝑥
∴ Fraction = 𝑦
According to the first condition, denominator of a fraction
is 4 more than twice its numerator.
∴ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4
∴ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4 …(i)
According to the second condition, denominator becomes 12
times the numerator, if both are reduced by 6 .
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∴ (𝑦 − 6) = 12(𝑥 − 6)
∴ 𝑦 − 6 = 12𝑥 − 72
∴ 12𝑥 − 𝑦 = 72 − 6
∴ 12𝑥 − 𝑦 = 66 …(ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
12𝑥 − 𝑦 = 66
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4
− + +
10𝑥 = 70
70
𝑥= =7
10
Substituting 𝑥 = 7 in equation (i), we get 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4
2(7) − 𝑦 = −4
14 − 𝑦 = −4
14 + 4 = 𝑦
𝑦 = 18
𝑥 7
Fraction = 𝑦 = 18
7
The required fraction is 18.

5 Two types of boxes 𝐀, B are to be placed in a truck having

capacity of 10 tons. When 150 boxes of type 𝐴 and 100
boxes of type 𝐵 are loaded in the truck, it weighs 10 tons.
But when 260 boxes of type 𝐴 are loaded in the truck, it
can still accommodate 40 boxes of type B, so that it is fully
loaded. Find the weight of each type of box. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the weights of box of type 𝐴 be 𝑥 kg and that of box of
type B be 𝑦 kg. 1 ton = 1000 kg
∴ 10 tons = 10000 kg
According to the first condition, weight of 150 boxes of
type A and 100 boxes of type B is 10 tons.
∴ 150𝑥 + 100𝑦 = 10000
∴ 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 200 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 50 ]

According to the second condition, after loading 260 boxes

of type A still there is a space for 40 boxes of type B for a
truck to be fully loaded.
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∴ 260𝑥 + 40𝑦 = 10000
∴ 13𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 500 …(ii) [Dividing both sides by 20 ]

Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get

13𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 500
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 200
− − −
10𝑥 = 300
300
𝑥=
10
= 30
Substituting 𝑥 = 30 in equation (i), we get
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 200
3(30) + 2𝑦 = 200
90 + 2𝑦 = 200
2𝑦 = 200 − 90
2𝑦 = 110
110
𝑦=
2
𝑦 = 55
The weights of box of type 𝐴 is 30 kg and that of box of
type 𝐵 is 55 kg.

6 Out of 1900 km, Vishal travelled some distance by bus and

. some by aeroplane. Bus travels with average speed 60 km/hr
and the average speed of aeroplane is 700 km/hr. It takes 5
hours to complete the journey. Find the distance Vishal
travelled by bus. [4 Marks]
Solution:
Let the distance Vishal travelled by bus be 𝑥 km and by
aeroplane be 𝑦 km. According to the first condition, out of
1900 km, Vishal travelled some distance by bus and some by
aeroplane. Thus, total distance travelled is 1900kms.
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1900
Distance
Time = Speed
𝑥
∴ Time required to cover 𝑥 km by bus = 60 hr
𝑦
Time required to cover 𝑦 km by aeroplane = 700 hrs
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According to the second condition, it takes 5 hours to

complete the journey with average speed of bus as 60 km/hr
and that of aeroplane as 700 km/hr
𝑥 𝑦
∴ + =5
60 700
700𝑥 + 60𝑦
=5
60 × 700
700𝑥 + 60𝑦 = 5 × 60 × 700
70𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 21000 …(ii)[Dividing both sides by 10] Multiplying
equation (i) by 6 , we get 6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 11400
Subtracting equation (iii) from (ii), we
70𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 21000
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 11400
− − −
64𝑥 = 9600
9600
𝑥=
64
𝑥 = 150
The distance Vishal travelled by bus is 150 km.

Problem Set

1 Choose correct alternative for each of the following

. questions. [1 Mark each]
i. To draw graph of 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 19, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 1.
(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 2
(D) −3
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ii. For simultaneous equations in variables 𝑥 and 𝑦, 𝐷𝑥 =

49, 𝐷𝑦 = −63, D = 7 then what is 𝑥 ?
(A) 7
(B) −7
1
(C) 7
−1
(D) 7
5 3
iii. Find the value of | |.
−7 −4
(A) −1
(B) −41
(C)41
(D) 1

iv. To solve 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 by determinant

method find 𝐷.
(A) 5
(B) 1
(C) −5
(D) −1

v. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 and 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛𝑦 = 𝑑 and an ≠ 𝑏𝑚 then these

simultaneous equations have-
(A) Only one common solution.
(B) No solution.
(C) Infinite number of solutions.
(D) Only two solutions.

Answers:
i. (B) ii. (A) iii. (D) iv. (C) v . (A)

2 Complete the following table to draw the graph of 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 =

. 3. [2 Marks]

𝑥 −5
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𝑦 0

(𝑥, 𝑦)

Ans:

3
𝑥 −5
2
−13
𝑦 0
6
−13 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) (−5, ) ( , 0)
6 2

3 Solve the following simultaneous equations graphically.

. i. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 [4 Marks]
Solution:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 𝑥−𝑦 =1
∴ 3𝑦 = 12 − 2𝑥 ∴ 𝑦=𝑥−1
12 − 2𝑥
𝑦= 𝑥 0 2 4 5
3

𝑥 0 6 3 −3 𝑦 −1 1 3 4

𝑦 4 0 2 6 (𝑥, 𝑦)(0, −1)

(2,1)(4,3)(5,4)

(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,4) (6,0) (3,2) (−3,6)

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The two lines intersect at

point (3,2). 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2 is
the solution of the
simultaneous equations 2𝑥 +
3𝑦 = 12 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1

ii. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 [4 Marks]
Solution:
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0
∴ 3𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 ∴ 2𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4
𝑥−1 3𝑥 + 4
⇒ 𝑦= ∴ 𝑦=
3 2

𝑥 4 −2 −5 1 𝑥 0 −2 2 −4

𝑦 1 −1 −2 0 𝑦 2 −1 5 −4

(𝑥, 𝑦)(4,1)(−2, −1) (1,0) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0,2) (−2, −1)(2,5) (−4, −4)
(−5, −2)

The two lines intersect at point

(−2, −1).
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦 = −1 is the solution
of the simultaneous equations 𝑥 −
3𝑦 = 1 and 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0

iii. 5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 30 = 0; 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0 [4 Marks ]

5𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 30 = 0 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0
∴ 6𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 30 ∴ 4𝑦 = 20 − 5𝑥
5𝑥 + 30 20 − 5𝑥
∴ 𝑦= ∴ 𝑦=
6 4
𝑥 0 −6 6 3 𝑥 0 4 −4 2
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𝑦 5 0 10 7.5 𝑦 5 0 10 2.5

(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,5) (−6,0)(6,10)(3,7.5) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0,5) (4,0) (−4,10) (2,2.5)

The two lines intersect at

point (0,5). 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 5 is
the solution of the
simultaneous equations 5𝑥 −
6𝑦 + 30 = 0 and 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 −
20 = 0

iv. 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0; 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 [3 Marks]

3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8
∴ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 ∴ 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑥

𝑥 0 1 3 −1 𝑥 0 4 1 3

𝑦 −2 1 7 −5 𝑦 8 0 6 2

(𝑥, 𝑦)(0, −2)(1,1) (3,7) (−1, −5)(𝑥, 𝑦) (0,8) (4,0) (1,6) (3,2)

The two lines intersect at

point (2,4). 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 4 is
the solution of the
simultaneous equations 3𝑥 −
𝑦 − 2 = 0 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8

v. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 [3 Marks]
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3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 𝑥−𝑦 =2
∴ 𝑦 = 10 − 3𝑥 ∴ 𝑦 =𝑥−2

𝑥 2 3 4 5 𝑥 0 2 4 5

𝑦 4 1 −2 −5 𝑦 −2 0 2 3

(𝑥, 𝑦) (2,4) (3,1) (4, −2)(5, −5) (𝑥, 𝑦) (0, −2) (2,0) (4,2) (5,3)

The two lines intersect at

point (3,1). 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 1 is
the solution of the
simultaneous equations 3𝑥 +
𝑦 = 10 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2

4 Find the values of each of the following determinants. [1

. Mark each]
4 3
i. | | = (4 × 7) − (3 × 2) = 28 − 6
2 7
4 3
∴ | | = 𝟐𝟐
2 7

5 −2
ii. | | = (5 × 1) − (−2 × −3) = 5 − 6
−3 1
𝟓 −𝟐
∴ | | = −𝟏
−𝟑 𝟏

iii.
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3 −1
| | = (3 × 4) − (−1 × 1)
1 4
= 12 − (−1)
= 12 + 1
3 −1
| | = 13
1 4

5. Solve the following equations by Cramer’s method.

i. 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −10; 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 8 = 0

Solution:
The given simultaneous equations are

6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −10 …(i)
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 8 = 0
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8 …..(ii)

Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the

given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 , we
get a1 = 6, b1 = −3, c1 = −10 and
a2 = 3, b2 = 5, c2 = 8
a b1 6 −3
D=| 1 | =| |
a2 b2 3 5
= (6 × 5) − (−3 × 3)
= 30 − (−9)
= 30 + 9 = 39 ≠ 0
c b1 −10 −3
D𝑥 = | 1 | =| |
c2 b2 8 5
= (−10 × 5) − (−3 × 8)
= −50 − (−24) = −50 + 24 = −26
a1 c1 6 −10
D𝑦 = |a c | = | |
2 2 3 8
= (6 × 8) − (−10 × 3)
= 48 − (−30)
= 48 + 30 = 78
D𝑥 D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
D D
−26 78
𝑥= and 𝑦 = 39
39
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−2
𝑥= and 𝑦 = 2
3
−2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = ( , 2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
3
equations.

ii. 4𝑚 − 2𝑛 = −4; 4𝑚 + 3𝑛 = 16
solution:
The given simultaneous equations are 4𝑚 − 2𝑛 = −4
4𝑚 + 3𝑛 = 16
Equations (i) and (ii) are in am + bn = c form. Comparing the
given equations with a1 m + b1 n = c1 and a2 m + b2 n = c2 ,
we get a1 = 4, b1 = −2, c1 = −4 and
a2 = 4, b2 = 3, c2 = 16
a b14 −2
D=| 1 | |= |
a2 b24 3
= (4 × 3) − (−2 × 4)
= 12 − (−8)
= 12 + 8 = 20 ≠ 0
c b1 −4 −2
Dm = | 1 | =| |
c2 b2 16 3
= (−4 × 3) − (−2 × 16)
= −12 − (−32)
= −12 + 32 = 20
a1 c1 4 −4
Dn = |a c | = | |
2 2 4 16
= (4 × 16) − (−4 × 4)
= 64 − (−16)
= 64 + 16 = 80
D D
By Cramer’s rule, we get m = Dm and n = Dn
20 80
m = 20 and n = 20
m = 1 and n = 4
(m, n) = (1,4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.
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5 1 4
iii. 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2 ; 3 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = − 3
solution:
The given simultaneous equations are
5
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 5 …(i) [Multiplying both sides by 2]
1 −4
𝑥 + 3𝑦 =
3 3
𝑥 + 9𝑦 = −4 …(ii) [Multiplying both sides by 3] Equations (i)
and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the given
equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 , we
get a1 = 6, b1 = −4, c1 = 5 and
a2 = 1, b2 = 9, c2 = −4
a b1 6 −4
D=| 1 |=| | = (6 × 9) − (−4 × 1)
a2 b2 1 9
= 54 − (−4)
= 54 + 4 = 58 ≠ 0
c b1 5 −4
𝐷𝑥 = | 1 |=| | = (5 × 9) − (−4 × −4)
c2 b2 −4 9
= 45 − 16
= 29
a1 c1 6 5
D𝑦 = |a c2 | = | | = (6 × −4) − (5 × 1)
2 1 −4
= −24 − 5
= −29
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
29 −29
𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
58 58
1 −1
𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
2 2
1 −1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2 , 2 ) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

iv. 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 15; 12𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 39

solution:
The given simultaneous equations are 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 15
12𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 39
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i.e. −5𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 39 …(ii) Equations (i) and (ii) are in 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 =

𝑐 form. Comparing the given equations with a1 𝑥 + b1 𝑦 = c1
and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 , we
get a1 = 7, b1 = 3, c1 = 15 and
a2 = −5, b2 = 12, c2 = 39
a b1 7 3
D=| 1 | =| |
a2 b2 −5 12
= (7 × 12) − (3 × −5)
= 84 − (−15)
= 84 + 15 = 99 ≠ 0
c b1 15 3
D𝑥 = | 1 |=| |
c2 b2 39 12
= (15 × 12) − (3 × 39)
= 180 − 117 = 63
a1 c1 7 15
D𝑦 = |a c | = | |
2 2 −5 39
= (7 × 39) − (15 × −5)
= 273 − (−75)
= 273 + 75 = 348
D D𝑦
By Cramer’s rule, we get 𝑥 = D𝑥 and 𝑦 = D
63 348
𝑥 = 99 and 𝑦 = 99
7 116
𝑥 = 11 and 𝑦 = 33
7 116
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (11 , 33
) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

𝑥+𝑦−8 𝑥+2𝑦−14 3𝑥−𝑦

V. = =
2 3 4

Solution:
𝑥+𝑦−8 𝑥+2𝑦−14 3𝑥−𝑦
The given simultaneous equations are = =
2 3 4
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 14
=
2 3
3(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8) = 2(𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 14)
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 24 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 28
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑦 = −28 + 24
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4 …(i)
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𝑥+𝑦−8 3𝑥−𝑦
= 4
2
4(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8) = 2(3𝑥 − 𝑦)
4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 32 = 6𝑥 − 2𝑦
6𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 = −32
2𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −32
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −16
…(ii)[Dividing both sides by 2 ] Equations (i) and (ii) are in
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 form. Comparing the given equations with a1 𝑥 +
b1 𝑦 = c1 and a2 𝑥 + b2 𝑦 = c2 , we
get

a1 = 1, b1 = −1, c1 = −4 and
a2 = 1, b2 = −3, c2 = −16
a b1 1 −1
D=| 1 |=| |
a2 b2 1 −3
= (1 × −3) − (−1 × 1)
= −3 − (−1)
= −3 + 1 = −2 ≠ 0
c1 b1 −4 −1
D𝑥 = | |=| |
c2 b2 −16 −3
= (−4 × −3) − (−1 × −16)
= 12 − 16
= −4
a1 c1 1 −4
D𝑦 = |a c | = | |
2 2 1 −16
= (1 × −16) − (−4 × 1)
= −16 − (−4) = −16 + 4 = −12
By Cramer’s rule, we get
D𝑥 D𝑦
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
D D
−4 −12
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦 = −2
𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 6
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,6) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

6. Solve the following simultaneous equations: [4 Marks

each]
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2 2 1 3 2
i. + 3𝑦 = 6 ; 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑥
solution:
2 2 1
The given simultaneous equations are 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 ….(i)
3 2
+ 𝑦 = 0 (ii)
𝑥
1 1
Let 𝑥 = p and 𝑦 = q
2 1
Equations (i) and (ii) become 2𝑝 + 3 𝑞 = 6
1
6𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 2 (iii) [Multiplying both sides by 3]
3𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 0
…(iv) Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii), we get
1
6𝑝 + 2𝑞 =
2
3𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 0
- - -
------------------
1
3p =
2
1
p=
6
1
Substituting p = 6 in equation (iv), we get

3𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 0
1
3 ( ) + 2q = 0
6
1
+ 2q = 0
2
1
2q = −
2
1
q=−
4
1 1
(p, q) = ( , − )
6 4
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
1 1 1 1
= 𝑥 and − 4 = 𝑦
6
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𝑥 = 6 and 𝑦 = −4
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (6, −4) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

7 13 13 7
ii. + 𝑦+2 = 27; 2𝑥+1 + 𝑦+2 = 33 [𝐌𝐚𝐫𝟏𝟔]
2𝑥+1
solution:
7 13
The given simultaneous equations are + 𝑦+2 = 27
2𝑥+1
13 7
+ = 33
2𝑥 + 1 𝑦 + 2
1 1
Let 2𝑥+1 = p and 𝑦+2 = q
Equations (i) and (ii) become 7𝑝 + 13𝑞 = 27
…(iii) 13𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 33
…(iv) Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
7𝑝 + 13𝑞 = 27
+13𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 33
20𝑝 + 20𝑞 = 60
60
p+q=
20
[Dividing both sides by 20]
p + q = 3 … (v)
Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii), we get
7p + 13q = 27
13𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 33
−− −
−6𝑝 + 6𝑞 = −6
−6
𝑝−𝑞 =
−6
[Dividing both sides by −6 ]
p−q=1
Adding equations (v) and (vi), we get
𝑝+𝑞 =3
𝑝−𝑞 =1
+
2𝑝 = 4
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4
p= =2
2
Substituting p = 2 in equation (v), we get 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 3
2+𝑞 =3
q=3−2=1
(p, q) = (2,1)
1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 2 = 2𝑥+1 and
1
1 = 𝑦+2
2(2𝑥 + 1) = 1 and
𝑦+2=1
4𝑥 + 2 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1 − 2
4𝑥 = 1 − 2 and 𝑦 = −1
4𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = −1
1
𝑥 = − 4 and 𝑦 = −1
1
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (− 4 , −1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

148 231 527 231 148 610

iii. + = ; + =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦
solution:
148 231 527
The given simultaneous equations are + =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦
148𝑦 + 231𝑥 = 527 … [Multiplying both sides by 𝑥𝑦]

231𝑥 + 148𝑦 = 527 …(i)

231 148 610
+ =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦
231𝑦 + 148𝑥 = 610 …[Multiplying both sides by 𝑥𝑦]
148𝑥 + 231𝑦 = 610 … (ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
231𝑥 + 148𝑦 = 527
148𝑥 + 231𝑦 = 610
+
379𝑥 + 379𝑦 = 1137
1137
𝑥+𝑦 =
379
… [Dividing both sides by 379 ]
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𝑥+𝑦 =3
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
231𝑥 + 148𝑦 = 527
148𝑥 + 231𝑦 = 610
− − −
83𝑥 − 83𝑦 = −83
−83
𝑥−𝑦 =
83
…[Dividing both sides by 83]
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1 …(iv)

Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get

𝑥+𝑦=3
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1
+
2𝑥 = 2
2
𝑥= =1
2
Substituting 𝑥 = 1 in equation (iii), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3
1+𝑦 =3
𝑦 =3−1=2
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,2) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

7𝑥−2𝑦 8𝑥+7𝑦
iv. = 5; = 15
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
solution:
7𝑥−2𝑦
The given simultaneous equations are =5
𝑥𝑦
7𝑥 2𝑦
− =5
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
7 2
− = 5 … (i)
𝑦 𝑥
8𝑥 + 7𝑦
= 15
𝑥𝑦
8𝑥 7𝑦
+ = 15
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦
8 7
+ = 15 …(ii)
𝑦 𝑥
1 1
Let 𝑥 = p and 𝑦 = q
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Equations (i) and (ii) become

−2𝑝 + 7𝑞 = 5
7𝑝 + 8𝑞 = 15 … (iv)
Multiplying equation (iii) by 7 , we get
−14𝑝 + 49𝑞 = 35 … (𝑣)
Multiplying equation (iv) by 2, we get
14𝑝 + 16𝑞 = 30 … (𝑣𝑖)
Adding equations (v) and (vi), we get
−14𝑝 + 49𝑞 = 35
14𝑝 + 16𝑞 = 30
+
65𝑞 = 65
65
q= =1
65
Substituting q = 1 in equation (iv), we get 7p + 8p = 15
7𝑝 + 8(1) = 15
7𝑝 + 8 = 15
7p = 15 − 8
7p = 7
7
p= =1
7
(p, q) = (1,1)
1 1
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get 1 = 𝑥 and 1 = 𝑦
𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,1) is the solution of the given
simultaneous equations.

1 1 1 5 2 3
v. + 5(2𝑥−3𝑦) = 4 ; (3𝑥+4𝑦) − (2𝑥−3𝑦) = − 2
2(3𝑥+4𝑦)

solution:
v. The given simultaneous equations are
1 1 1
+ 5(2𝑥−3𝑦) = 4 ….(i)
2(3𝑥+4𝑦)
5 2 3
− 2𝑥−3𝑦 = − 2 (ii)
3𝑥+4𝑦
1 1
Let 3𝑥+4𝑦 = p and 2𝑥−3𝑦 = q
∴ Equations (i) and (ii) become
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1 1 1
p + 5q = 4
2
∴ 10p + 4q = 5 .(iii) [Multiplying both sides by 20] and
3
5p − 2q = −
2
∴ 10p − 4q = −3 …(iv)[Multiplying both sides by 2] Adding
equations (iii) and (iv), we get
10𝑝 + 4𝑞 = 5
10𝑝 − 4𝑞 = −3
+
20𝑝 = 2
2 1
∴ p= =
20 10
1
Substituting p = 10 in equation (iii), we get
10𝑝 + 4𝑞 = 5
1
10 ( ) + 4q = 5
10
1 + 4𝑞 = 5
4𝑞 = 5 − 1
4𝑞 = 4
4
q= =1
4
1
(p, q) = ( , 1)
10
Resubstituting the values of p and q, we get
1 1 1
= 3𝑥+4𝑦 and 1 = 2𝑥−3𝑦
10

∴ 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 … . . (v)
and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1 … … . (vi)
Multiplying equation (v) by 3 , we get

9𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 30 …(vii)
Multiplying equation (vi) by 4 , we get

8𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 4 …(viii)
Adding equations (vii) and (viii), we get
9𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 30
8𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 4
+
17𝑥 = 34
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34
∴ 𝑥= =2
17
Substituting 𝑥 = 2 in equation (v), we get
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10
3(2) + 4𝑦 = 10
6 + 4𝑦 = 10
4𝑦 = 10 − 6
4𝑦 = 4
4
𝑦= =1
4
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,1) is the solution of the given simultaneous
equations.

7. Solve the following word problems.

i. A two digit number and the number with digits
interchanged add up to 143. In the given number the digit
in unit’s place is 3 more than the digit in the ten’s place.
Find the original number. [3 Marks]
Solution:
Let the digit in unit’s place be 𝑥 and that in the ten’s place
be 𝑦. The number = 𝟏𝟎𝑦 + 𝑥
The number obtained by interchanging the digits is 10 𝑥 + 𝑦
According to the first condition, two digit number + the
number obtained by interchanging the digits = 143
10𝑦 + 𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 𝑦 = 143
11 𝑥 + 11𝑦 = 143
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 …(i)[Dividing both sides by 11]

According to the second condition, digit in unit’s place =

digit in the ten’s place +3 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 …(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
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𝑥−𝑦 =3
--------------
2𝑥 = 16

𝑥=8
Putting this value of 𝑥 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
8 + 𝒚 = 13
𝑦=𝟓
The original number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 10(5) + 8 = 𝟓𝟎 + 8 = 58

1
ii) Kantabai bought 1 2 kg tea and 5 kg sugar from a shop.
She paid ₹50 as return fare for rickshaw. Total expense
was ₹700. Then she realised that by ordering online the
goods can be bought with free home delivery at the same
price. So, next month she placed the order online for 2 kg
tea and 7 kg sugar. She paid ₹880 for that. Find the rate
of sugar and tea per kg.

solution:

Let the rate of tea be ₹𝑥 per kg and that of sugar be ₹𝑦

1
per kg. According to the first condition, cost of 1 2 kg tea
+ cost of 5 kg sugar + fare for rickshaw = total expense
1
1 2 𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 50 = 700
3
𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 700 − 50
2
3
𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 650
2
3𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 1300 …(i) [Multiplying both sides by 2]
According to the second condition, cost of 2 kg tea and 7 kg
sugar is 880.
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 880 ….(ii)

Multiplying equation (i) by 2 , we get

6𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 2600 …(iii)

Multiplying equation (ii) by 3 , we get
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6𝑥 + 21𝑦 = 2640
…(iv) Subtracting equation (iii) from (iv), we get
6𝑥 + 21𝑦 = 2640
6𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 2600
--------------------------
𝑦 = 40
Substituting 𝑦 = 40 in equation (i), we get 3𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 1300
3𝑥 + 10(40) = 1300
3𝑥 + 400 = 1300
3𝑥 = 1300 − 400
3𝑥 = 900
900
𝑥= = 300
3
The rate of tea is ₹300 per kg and that of sugar is ₹40 per
kg.

iii)

Solution:
Anushka had 𝑥 notes of ₹100 and 𝑦 notes of ₹50. According
to the first condition, she received ₹2500 from Anand.
100𝑥 + 50𝑦 = 2500
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50 …(i) [Dividing both sides by 50] According to
the second condition, if notes would have been
interchanged, she would have received ₹500 less.
100𝑦 + 50𝑥 = 2000
2𝑦 + 𝑥 = 40 … [Dividing both sides by 50 ] 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 40
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 80 … (ii) [Multiplying both sides by 2]
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
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2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 80
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50
-----------------
3𝑦 = 30

30
𝑦= = 10
3
Substituting 𝑦 = 10 in equation (i), we get 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50
2𝑥 + 10 = 50
2𝑥 = 50 − 10
2𝑥 = 40
40
𝑥= = 20
2
Anushka had 20 notes of ₹100 and 10 notes of ₹50.

iv. Sum of the present ages of Manish and Savita is 31.

Manish’s age 3 years ago was 4 times the age of Savita.
Find their present ages. [3 Marks]

Solution:

Let the present ages of Manish and Savita be 𝑥 years and 𝑦

years respectively.

According to the first condition, sum of the present ages

of Manish and Savita is 31 .

∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31 …..(i)
3 years ago,
Manish’s age = (𝑥 − 3) years
Savita’s age = (𝑦 − 3) years
According to the second condition, 3 years ago Manish’s age
was 4 times the age of Savita.
(𝑥 − 3) = 4(𝑦 − 3)
∴ 𝑥 − 3 = 4𝑦 − 12
∴ 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −12 + 3
∴ 𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −9 (ii)

Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get

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𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −9
-------------------
5y=40
40
𝑦= =8
5
Substituting 𝑦 = 8 in equation (i), we get 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 31
𝑥 + 8 = 31
𝑥 = 31 − 8
𝑥 = 23
The present ages of Manish and Savita are 23 years and 8
years respectively.

v. In a factory the ratio of salary of skilled and unskilled

workers is 5 : 3. Total salary of one day of both of them is
₹720. Find daily wages of skilled and unskilled workers. [3
Marks]

Solution:

Let the daily wages of skilled workers be ₹𝑥 and that of

unskilled workers be ₹𝑦. According to the first condition,
𝑥 5
ratio of salary of skilled and unskilled workers is 5: 3. 𝑦 = 3
∴ 3𝑥 = 5𝑦
∴ 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0 …(i)
According to the second condition, total salary of one day
for both of them is ₹720. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 720
∴ 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 3600
…(ii) [Multiplying both sides by 5] Adding equations (i) and
(ii), we get
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0
5𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 3600
+
8𝑥 = 3600

3600
∴ 𝑥= = 450
8
Substituting 𝑥 = 450 in equation (i), we get
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3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0
3(450) − 5𝑦 = 0
1350 = 5𝑦
1350
𝑦=
5
= 270
The daily wages of skilled workers is ₹450 and that of
unskilled workers is ₹270.

vi) Places 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 30 km apart and they are on a

straight road. Hamid travels from 𝐴 to 𝐵 on bike. At the
same time Joseph starts from 𝐵 on bike, travels towards A.
They meet each other after 20 minutes. If Joseph would
have started from B at the same time but in the opposite
direction (instead of towards A), Hamid would have caught
him after 3 hours. Find the speed of Hamid and Joseph. [4
Marks]

Solution:
Let the speeds of Hamid and Joseph be 𝑥 km/hr and
𝑦 km/hr respectively. Distance travelled by Hamid in 20
1 1
minutes i.e. 3 hrs = 3 𝑥 km Distance travelled by Joseph in
1 1
hrs = 3 𝑦 km According to the first condition, total
3
distance between places A and B is 30kms.
1 1
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 30
3 3
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 90 …(i)[Multiplying both sides by 3] Distance
travelled by Hamid in 3hrs = 3𝑥 km Distance travelled by
Joseph in 3hrs = 3𝑦 km According to the second condition,
if Joseph would have started from B at the same time but
in the opposite direction then Hamid would have caught him
after 3hrs.
3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 30
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 …(ii) [Dividing both sides by 3 ] Adding equations
(i) and (ii), we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 90
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+𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 = 100
100
𝑥 =
2
= 50
Substituting 𝑥 = 50 in equation (i), we get 50 + 𝑦 = 90
𝑦 = 90 − 50 = 40
The speeds of Hamid and Joseph are 𝟓𝟎𝐤𝐦/𝐡𝐫 and
𝟒𝟎𝐤𝐦/𝐡𝐫
respectively.