Chemistry 315

Experiment 0:
Practice Report
Zhuo Gao

School of Chemical Sciences, 505 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801

[email protected]

Lab partners: Ashley Chen, Aaron Qian

Lab section: AC5, Tuesday AM

Major: Chemistry

Date of lab work: 09/03/20244

Due date of report: 09/10/2024

[Write a brief summarization here as an abstract. Firstly, the techniques and chemicals
used in the experiment for a specific goal. Secondly, the observations and essential data
should be briefly applied in a simple explanation of the result (such as the productivity,
concentration, and rate constant.)]

Keywords: [Since many papers are presented in a specific field or interest. Keywords can
help readers to find the paper they need quickly. Choose keywords from the lab manual or
material, such as techniques, theories, facts studied, etc. Keywords should be in all caps.
e.g., FLOURESENCE, QUENCHING EFFECT, QUININE, MARKOVNIKOV
ADDITION, IN SITU ADDITION, etc.]

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Introduction
[Provide the background knowledge so the reader can catch up better. For example, briefly
explain the most recent research direction in the same interest. Declare the goal for the
experiment. Explain the chemical that has been chosen for the experiment and its
advancement. For example, its structure or composition can give some convenience in
reacting or detecting its properties with a specific type of machine. Explain the importance
of utilizing a type of detection or measurement. Include citations. At least one page.]

Experimental Details
[The procedure and details should be cited from the lab manual using Canvas citation
format. Clearfy if there is any defference. The identity, brand, and model number should
be written out for each instrument used in the lab. About one paragraph.]

Data and Results

When providing the data, the table or graph should have names and notations for
proficiency. The analysis should exhibit critical thinking in the library. In this part, the text
should be used more to describe and provide support for the information presented in the
tables and figures. The format of the tables and graphs should follow the provided
guidelines.

Analysis of data should be combined with considering the following questions:

⚫ What is the most critical or direct message sent by the graph and figure: for example,
does the NMR figure stand for a product detected, or is there a correlation shown by
the scattering plot?

⚫ Why is the information important? Consider this question with the experiment itself
and the goal of the experiment.

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⚫ How does the table or figure contribute to the logical flow of the data analysis? For
instance, what trends are being highlighted, and what characteristics are being
examined?

⚫ Does the table or figure reinforce or challenge the data presented earlier? For example,
is there any deviation from the findings of existing studies?

Only analysis of the data should be present to avoid repetitiveness from the discussion part.
More in-depth analysis with comprehensiveness of the experiment should be presented in
the next part. The length of this section will vary widely based on the amount and type of
data produced by the experiment, but it is concise overall.]

Special request: Microsoft Equation Editor

𝑘𝑓 [𝐴∗ ] 𝑘𝑓
𝛷=𝑘 [𝐴∗ ]+𝑘 ∗ ∗
=𝑘 (1)
𝑓 𝑛𝑟 [𝐴 ]+𝑘𝑞 [𝐴 ][𝑄] 𝑓 +𝑘𝑛𝑟 +𝑘𝑞 [𝑄]

𝑘𝑞
𝐴∗ + 𝑄 → 𝐴 + 𝑄 (2)

𝑑[𝑀𝑜(𝐶𝑂)6 ]
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = = 𝑘[𝑀𝑜(𝐶𝑂)6 ]𝑛 [𝑃(𝑂𝐶6 𝐻5 )3 ]𝑚 (3)
𝑑𝑡

𝐼𝑓 [𝐻2 𝑂]𝑓 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂)𝑓

= = (4)
𝐼𝑐 [𝐻2 𝑂]𝑐 (𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂)𝑐

𝑘 𝑘 𝛥𝑆 ∗ 𝛥𝐻 ∗
ln ( 𝑡 ) = ln ( ℎ𝐵 ) + − (5)
𝑅 𝑅𝑇

3⁄ 1 1
𝑖𝑝𝑓 = (2.69 × 105 )𝑛 2 𝐴𝐷 ⁄2 𝐶𝑣 ⁄2 (6)

2[(𝑡𝑅 )𝐵 −(𝑡𝑅 )𝐴 ]
𝑅𝑠 = (7)
𝑊𝐴 +𝑊𝐵

𝐼
𝐴 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10 [𝐼 ] = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑇 (8)
0

Special request: ChemDraw

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 Figure 1 ChemDraw of Figure 2 ChemDraw of Figure 3 ChemDraw of
EDTA4- azobenzene ethidium cation

Discussion
[Answer the questions provided by the lab manual and discuss the result of the experiment
logically and comprehensively.

Discuss the result with the goal of the experiment. Point out the importance of the result,
like improved properties, high yields, and an efficient novel method. Check whether the
result is expected. Explain the general trend provided by the data. Explain whether there is
any deviation in the data since errors might come with technique and human error. Analyze
the source or errors and how they might affect the experiment. The discussion should be
written with critical thinking and logic closely correlated to the existing data. Discuss the
possible improvement. Note. The exact value should be written out for discussion.]

Library Search Summary

This article explored the use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-
Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a method to identify and distinguish
between two closely related species of ticks: Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor
similis. These ticks are of medical importance due to their role as vectors of various
pathogens, including the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. From the comparison of
the outcomes of both MALDI-TOF MS test and test based on DNA, the MALDI-TOF MS
method successfully distinguished between the two species by analyzing their protein
spectra. The method proved to be faster, more cost-effective, and capable of analyzing
Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae species. Also, it showed no influence whether the

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ticks were infested by virus. While DNA sequencing revealed some polymorphisms
between the two species, it did not consistently differentiate them as separate taxa. The
study validated the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF MS by testing 90 additional samples in
different storage conditions, achieving 100% accuracy rate in species identification.
MALDI-TOF MS provided a novel method to differentiate tick’s species, unlike
morphological methods which require highly specialized expertise and more recently by
DNA-based molecular assays that involve high costs. Researchers also developed the first
nationwide MALDI-TOF MS reference database for these tick species, making it publicly
accessible for use in vector and pathogen surveillance. This is making an important share
of contribution to biology and medical circle. The improvement was to exclude infected
ticks from the reference database, but future research could explore how including infected
samples might affect MALDI-TOF's accuracy in identifying pathogens and other
organisms in ticks.

Library Search Summary

⚫ X-ray Crystallography (XRD): Protein X-Ray Crystallography and Drug Discovery

⚫ Resonance Raman Spectroscopy: In Situ Stability Test for Mrna Vaccines Based on
Deep-UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

⚫ MALDI-ToF MS: Applying MALDI-TOF MS to Resolve Morphologic and Genetic

Similarities between Two Dermacentor Tick Species of Public Health Importance

References
[Include ALL your sources of information. Organize these according to the American
Chemical Society style (http://chemistry.library.wisc.edu/writing/acs-style-
guidelines.html#journal). For example, if you are referencing the lab procedure, a journal
article, or a book:]

Maveyraud, L.; Mourey, L. Protein X-Ray Crystallography and Drug Discovery.

Molecules 2020, 25 (5), 1030. DOI:10.3390/molecules25051030.

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Almehmadi, L. M.; Reverdatto, S. V.; Ermolenkov, V. V.; Shekhtman, A.; Lednev, I. K.
In Situ Stability Test for Mrna Vaccines Based on Deep-UV Resonance Raman
Spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry 2023, 96 (3), 1003–1008.
DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01761.

Galletti, M. F. B. M.; Hecht, J. A.; McQuiston, J. R.; Gartin, J.; Cochran, J.; Blocher, B.
H.; Ayres, B. N.; Allerdice, M. E. J.; Beati, L.; Nicholson, W. L.; Snellgrove, A.
N.; Paddock, C. D.; Kennedy, A.; Molaei, G.; Lado, P.; Foley, J.; Goddard, J.;
Occi, J. L.; Padgett, K.; Dykstra, E.; Nolan, M.; Cortinas, R.; Sambado, S.; Fink,
S.; Campbell, S. R.; Romer, Y. Applying MALDI-TOF MS to Resolve
Morphologic and Genetic Similarities between Two Dermacentor Tick Species of
Public Health Importance. Scientific Reports 2024, 14 (1). DOI:10.1038/s41598-
024-69768-8.

Supplementary Material
[Note: Attach any relevant original data that is hand-written in your notebook or printed in
the lab, which cannot be formatted into tables or graphs on a computer, to the end of the
report as supplemental data. Each figure or table should include a brief, hand-written
caption labeled S1, S2, etc. Actual calculations should also be included here rather than in
the data & results section. For repetitive calculations, one example can be provided.]

Table 1 Table of non-radioactive halogens and their atomic weights

Non-radioactive Halogens Atomic Symbols Atomic Weights /au

Chlorine Cl 35.45

Bromine Br 79.904

Iodine I 126.90

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Figure 4 Graph of atomic weight vs. boiling point of non-radioactive halogens

Atomic Weight (amu) vs. Boiling Point(ºC)

200
y = 2.3902x - 123.29
R² = 0.9952
150
boiling point(ºC)

100

50

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

-50
atomic weights (au)

Syllabus Section (3 points extra credit if all correct)

Please refer to the syllabus to answer the following questions:
1. What is the name of the professor of the course?
a. Dr. Andrew Gewirth
2. How many TAs does this course have?
d. 10
3. What must you attend every week?
d. Prelab lecture and lab time
4. Which of these is an appropriate way to address a TA in an email?
a. Hello [Name of TA],
5. Do TAs hold office hours?
a. Yes
6. What are the two versions of your lab report that are due?
a. In person copy at the start of lab and online copy submitted to Canvas
7. What happens if your lab report is caught for plagiarism?
c. Automatic zero for that lab report and potential further disciplinary action

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8. What is the proper way to inform a TA of an absence?
c. Send your section TA an email as soon as you know you will be absent, cc the TA
in charge of the lab report you will be doing that week, and determine how
assignments need to be turned in with the absence
9. How many lab report extensions do you get?
c. Only two extensions and no exceptions
d. Two extensions but certain circumstances such as COVID are exceptions
10. You see someone is really struggling with an experiment you already did. Should you...
b. Offer to help or go let the TA know because we do not tolerate any form of
bullying or discrimination or meanness in this course
11. How can you make up for a missed lab?
a. During makeup week
12. You are not sure how to work an instrument as you’ve never used it before. What
should
you do?
b. Read the lab manual with your lab partner, refer to the resources on Canvas such
as the videos posted, and ask the TA for help